Chineselacquer lacquer natural lacquer part of the production area of its distribution in China's main production areas are: Sichuan, Shaanxi, Henan, Shanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Guizhou, Yunnan and other provinces, in addition to China, and, North Korea, Laos, Vietnam, Myanmar, Thailand, the countries on the Indochina Peninsula, Iran and so on.
Natural lacquer is one of our country's native specialties, from the primitive forests and natural lacquer tree family, natural raw lacquer is used artificially from the lacquer tree cut from the natural lacquer tree sap, natural raw lacquer lacquer night within the lacquer night mainly contains macromolecules of lacquer phenol, laccase, tree gums and water _ into.
We have been known as the 'three treasures' (tree cut lacquer, silkworms spit silk, bees do honey) reputation.
Natural lacquer coating application has a long history, known in ancient and modern times, the ancient Chinese nation along the ancient times, in the coating of chemical, light industry, power plant corrosion prevention specific high temperature resistance project played a very good role.
China's discovery and use of natural lacquer can be traced back to more than 7,000 years ago, according to historical records, "Lacquer is used, the beginning of the book of bamboo slips, and Shun for food utensils, black lacquer, Yu for rituals, black lacquer, Zhu painted inside.
"Zhuangzi - the world of man" on the "Gui can be eaten, so cut, lacquer can be used, so cut the" record.
The raw lacquer has anti-corrosion, strong _, strong alkali resistance, moisture insulation, high temperature resistance, soil resistance and so on.
Natural lacquer is also recognized worldwide as the "King of Paints".
Classification of natural lacquer is divided into four major categories, namely, Maoba Lacquer, Chengkou Lacquer, Southwest Lacquer and Northwest Lacquer.
Maoba natural lacquer is produced in Enshi, Hubei Province, and has a high content of lacquer phenol, good film thickness and high viscosity.
Good brightness, good dryness.
Chengkou natural lacquer is produced in Chengkou, Chongqing, with high laccase content, good brightness, strong lacquer-acid flavor and fast drying.
Natural small wood lacquer is produced in Ankang area, with high content of lacquer phenol, light acid flavor, thin bleaching, good brightness and slow drying.
Sichuan natural raw lacquer produced in Qingchuan, Pingwu, growing in the Tibetan Plateau mountain range of about 1800 meters, lacquer acid flavor, good brightness, good drying.
Guizhou natural lacquer is produced in Bijie, Guizhou, with high content of lacquer phenol, large blackness, high viscosity and fast drying.
Ankang natural raw lacquer produced in Ankang, Shaanxi Province, with high content of lac phenol, acid flavor, good brightness and stable drying.
Natural raw lacquer large lacquer natural raw lacquer origin performance characteristics, the main is divided into, lacquer tree species, climate (Yinshan, Yangshan), soil natural conditions on the lacquer quality are related.
1, the paint film is high heat resistance, good durability, 2, the paint film has good electrical insulation properties of certain radiation performance.
3, the film has anti-corrosion, strong _, strong alkali, solvent resistance, moisture-proof, anti-_, good soil resistance.
4, disadvantages: paint film is not good ultraviolet resistance, individual human skin allergies.
5, the paint film has excellent physical and mechanical properties, the paint film is hard, the hardness of the paint film (0.65-0.89 film value/glass value).
The paint film has high abrasion strength, and the paint film has bright luster, elegant brightness and strong adhesion.
Chemical composition of lacquer can be directly coated objects, the resulting film is hard, water, moisture, oil and organic solvents, good insulation, and resistance to soil bacterial corrosion, and glossy; but the lacquer drying (curing) speed is slow, easy to cause skin allergies before curing, and the paint film color is dark, brittle, sunlight resistance, poor resistance to caustic alkali and strong oxidizing agent of the_resistance is poor.
In the paint industry, the direct use of lacquer is very little, history has been used to decorate palaces, temples, ships, coffins and household utensils.
Lacquer is a natural water-in-oil liquid, the composition is very complex and varies according to the place of origin, and is generally composed of lacquer phenol, laccase, gum and water.
①Lacquer phenol lacquer is a homologous mixture of hydrocarbon-substituted catechols, in its typical structural formula, R for the alkanes containing C15 to C17, olefins, *** conjugated or non-*** conjugated diene and triolefin.
The greater the degree of unsaturation of R and the more ***-conjugated double bonds it contains, the better the quality of the larger lacquer.
Lacquer phenol is soluble in organic solvents and vegetable oils, but insoluble in water, it is the main film-forming substance of lacquer, the content is generally 40% to 70%.
②Laccase is a special structure of oxidase, in the lacquer content of about 10%, can promote the oxidation and polymerization of lacquer, is an organic drying agent, laccase is suitable for drying conditions: temperature of 40 ℃, relative humidity of 80%, pH 6.7.
In addition, laccase is also widely found in other plants, the production of black tea, tobacco fermentation, etc., are very important.
3The gum is a kind of polysaccharide compound, which can make the components (including water) in the lacquer to form a uniform glue, and its content is generally 3.5% to 9%, and the amount of the content will affect the viscosity and quality of the lacquer.
4 Moisture content in the lacquer is generally 20% to 40%, it is the dispersed phase of the liquid, which plays an important role in the drying of lacquer enzyme, and the moisture content in the refined lacquer must be 4% to 6%.
Modified in order to overcome the slow drying speed of lacquer, easy to cause skin allergies, as well as to improve some of the properties of the paint film, lacquer is generally after and modified before use.
There are three kinds of common paints made of lacquer: ① oil-based lacquer made of lacquer and cooked tung oil or linseed oil and maleic anhydride resin, etc. The colorful lacquer can be made by adding pigment, which is mainly used for handicrafts and wooden furniture.
② refined varnish, also known as the push light varnish, by the varnish by heating and dehydration or adding iron hydroxide (or a small amount of maleic anhydride resin) made of bright as a mirror, mainly used for special crafts and high-grade wood finishing.
The refined lacquer phenol varnish made by heating dehydration, activation and polycondensation is less irritating and easy to be constructed, which is mainly used for anti-corrosion coating of petrochemical equipments and acid-resistant surfaces.
3 modified varnish is made by reacting the second extracted lacquer phenol with resin and vegetable oil, which is non-toxic, corrosion-resistant and good in construction.
Common varieties of lacquer phenol formaldehyde varnish, lacquer phenol epoxy anti-corrosion coatings, etc., mainly used in petrochemical anti-corrosion coating.
The ancients had two methods: one, to ink smoke added to the lacquer, although the color black, but there are dregs; the second, with rust water into the lacquer, lacquer phenol and iron oxide color reaction, mixing, brushing on the object, dark as ink.
The black lacquer obtained by this method is also known as black lacquer and basalt lacquer.
Used in traditional furniture, wipe the light called black jade, the light is called ebony.
Lacquer belongs to the natural lacquer, non-toxic, but some people will be exposed to lacquer skin allergies, and even smell the smell of lacquer can also be a rash, encountered this situation, the masters will say that is the lacquer "bitten", in fact, is the lacquer allergies.
In the world of furniture, artificial paint colorful, colorful, but in the non-toxic, durable, acid and alkali resistance, artificial paint is no match for the paint.
The king of lacquer, lacquer, is nature's treasure to mankind, thousands of years it is widely used in all aspects of life, lacquer gold traditional furniture is still blooming in the classical furniture in the garden.
The primer for lacquer painting is also lacquer.
Along the ancient times to the present day natural lacquer painting application of long history, ancient and modern Chinese and foreign famous, the ancient Chinese nation along the ancient times to the present day, China's discovery and the use of natural lacquer can be traced back to more than seven thousand years ago, from the Neolithic era, people have recognized the performance of the natural lacquer and the application of the history of the record "lacquer is used, began with the book of bamboo slips, and Shun made food utensils, black lacquer, Yu made sacrificial vessels, black lacquer. According to historical records, "Lacquer was first used for writing bamboo slips, while Shun made food utensils with black lacquer, and Yu made sacrificial vessels with black lacquer on the outside and vermilion on the inside.
The Zhuangzi - The World of Man has a record of "Gui can be eaten, so cut it down, lacquer can be used, so cut it down".
Natural lacquer has anti-corrosion, acid resistance, alkali resistance, moisture insulation, high temperature resistance, soil resistance and so on.
Natural lacquer is also recognized worldwide as the "King of Paints".
Ancient Chinese lacquer source.
Daily utensils, handicrafts and works of art made of natural lacquer on the surface of various objects are generally called "lacquerware".
The lacquer can also be prepared in different colors to bring out its brilliance.
In China, the properties of lacquer have been recognized since the Neolithic period and have been used in the production of wares.
Throughout the Shang and Zhou Dynasties and into the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Chinese lacquer craftsmanship continued to develop and reached a high level.
Chinese crafts, such as choking and tracing gold, had a profound influence on other places.
Lacquerware is an important ancient Chinese invention in craftsmanship and arts and crafts.
Neolithic period in Zhejiang Yuyao River Hemudu culture of the third cultural layer unearthed a wooden bowl, beautiful shape, inside and outside the vermilion paint, color bright _, it is the same physical properties and lacquer.
Jiang_Wujiang Meiyan Neolithic remains _ was found in the brown painted pottery, after preliminary tests of the brown substance for lacquer.
In Liaoning Aohan_Dadianzi ancient tomb unearthed goblet-shaped thin tire Zhu lacquerware, about 3400--3600 years ago.
Huangpi_Longcheng_Remains_of_the_Middle_Commercial_Dynasty_of_the_Chamber_Period_With_one_side_carved_and_one_side_painted_with_colors_and_virgin_stones_inlaid_in_the_lacquer_ware_fragments_excavated_in_Hebei_Chengtai_Xi.
In Anyang Houjiazhuang Shang dynasty royal tombs found in lacquer painted carved wood, and mussel shells, mussel bubbles, jade inlays.
It can be seen that the lacquer craftsmanship of the Shang Dynasty has reached a fairly high level.
The Warring States period of the history of the Warring States lacquer craftsmanship is a period of significant development, the variety and number of artifacts increased greatly, in the fetal bone practices, modeling and decorative techniques have been innovative.
Warring States lacquerware unearthed in a wide range of areas, Xinyang Changtai Guan Chu tomb unearthed painted gods and monsters, dragons and snakes and hunting music and dance of the little Arthur, Suizhou ZengHouYi tomb unearthed mandarin ducks box, jiangling chu tomb unearthed by the snake mussels, birds and animals _ knot into the collection of painting and carving through the small screen, can be regarded as a representative work of this period.
Han Wei period of the Western Han lacquer craft basically inherited the style of the Warring States, but there are new developments, the production gauge _ larger, wider distribution of origin.
Large objects appeared, such as the _ with a diameter of more than 70_ meters, and the bell with a height of nearly 60_ meters.
At the same time can skillfully put if dry small pieces into a ware, such as the box containing 6 sets of smooth stacking, 1 set of ear cups, thin tire single or double lacquer trousseau, containing 5 sets, 7 sets or more of different sizes and shapes of the small box, and so on.
Emerging techniques include gold, which is filled with gold by needlework, and heap lacquer, which is a thick substance piled up to form a pattern.
Particularly, the top of the vessel set with metal flowers and leaves, agate or glaze beads for the knob, the mouth of the vessel body inlaid with gold and silver buttons and hoops, between the gold or silver foil inlaid with openwork figures, gods and monsters, birds and beasts, and painted clouds, mountains and rocks as a backdrop, it is unprecedented.
Western Han lacquerware inscriptions, detailing officials and craftsmen.
The excavation of lacquer ware during the Eastern Han, Wei, Jin, and North and South Dynasties, compared to the previous generation appears to be very rare, which has a certain relationship with the change in burial practices.
Tang Dynasty period of Tang Dynasty lacquerware reached an unprecedented level, there are thick lacquer pile molding of raised patterns of the pile of lacquer; shells cut into objects, on the application of line carving, inlaid in the lacquer surface into the thread of the conch shells; gold and silver floral mosaic inlaid with gold and silver Pingtou ware.
The process beyond the previous generation, burin chiseling, exquisite, combined with the lacquer process, a craft on behalf of the Tang Dynasty style, clip bloom statue is the North and South Dynasties since the inheritance and development of the technique.
The red lacquer also appeared in the Tang Dynasty.
The Song and Yuan periods of the two Song dynasty had been considered to be the era of one-color lacquerware, but excavations have unearthed many highly decorated lacquerware of the two Song dynasties, correcting the past understanding.
The real pearl relic sutra block found in the pagoda of Ruiguangsa Temple in ___ state, the mythical animal on the base, the precious flower, and the feeders were retreated in thick lacquer.
The highest achievement in the Yuan dynasty lacquerware is carved lacquer, which is characterized by the pile of lacquer fat, with a hidden edge of the knife carved out of the rich and rounded pattern.
The big appearance of simple and muddy, and the details are extremely delicate, in the texture has a special charm, such as the Palace Museum collection of Zhang Chengzuo mast pattern pick red _, Yang Mao early to watch the waterfall figure square pick red _, Anhui Provincial Museum collection of Zhang Chengzuo Wu between the vermilion line pick rhinoceros box, and so on.
Ancient people in ancient times as early as 5,000 years ago, the lacquer industry in China has been very prosperous, enduring.
People's application of natural lacquer, mainly to decorate furniture and handicrafts.
It plays a good protective role in the chemical party.
It is coated with furniture film surface bright and shiny, good fullness, high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, wear resistance, durability, good, is any chemical _ into the paint can not be compared to, natural raw paint is a natural lacquer, after drying into a film, zero of pollution, non-toxicity, no radiation, is the pursuit of natural and environmentally friendly the best products.
The use of raw lacquer is getting wider and wider, "Meixing" will improve the natural raw lacquer, a wide range of uses, the lacquer is mainly used in petroleum storage tanks and_channel, industrial chemical equipment, underground construction, urban construction, gas purification, navigation ships, textile machinery, power plants, printing and dyeing, medicine, mines, food containers, aviation, satellites, military, civil, cultural relics, temples and ancient buildings to protect the heavy corrosion protection of machinery and equipment.
Modern applications with the development of human science and technology, the use of natural lacquer boiling and modification, developed a number of unique unique livestock and the use of the product is directly used in the chemical industry, light industry, power plants and other key national large-scale enterprises and large and medium-sized enterprises, such as the Shanghai Wu Trail Chemical Plant, Jinshan Petrochemical Plant, Puyang Oilfield, Xinjiang Oilfield, Gaoqiao Petrochemical Company, Daqing Petrochemical Plant, Yangzi Petrochemical Company, Lanzhou Oil Refinery, Jinan Oil Refinery, Fujian Oil Refinery, Guangzhou Petrochemical Plant, Maoming Petrochemical Plant, Guangdong Shajiao Power Plant, Huangpu Power Plant, Ma Wan Power Plant, Zhanjiang Power Plant, Zhujiang Power Plant, Sichuan Ertan Power Plant, Shandong Salt Plant, North China Pharmaceutical Plant and dozens of large and medium-sized enterprises, practice has proved to be superior to other types of corrosion-resistant coatings, the world's cultural heritage of the Qin Shihuang" Terracotta Army" is also taken. Terracotta Warriors", the world cultural heritage of Qin Shihuang, also took the natural lacquer coating, protection equipment to produce economic and social benefits is extremely large.