Annual depreciation rate = (1 - estimated net salvage rate) ÷ depreciable life
Estimated net salvage rate = net salvage ÷ the original value of the fixed assets × 100%
Monthly depreciation rate = annual depreciation ÷ 12
Monthly depreciation = the original value of the fixed assets × the monthly depreciation rate.
Please refer to the Implementing Regulations of the Enterprise Income Tax Law for the specific estimated net residual value and depreciation life.
According to the Regulations for the Implementation of the Enterprise Income Tax Law:
Article 59 Depreciation of fixed assets calculated in accordance with the straight-line method is allowed to be deducted. Enterprises shall calculate depreciation from the month following the month in which the fixed assets are put into use; for fixed assets that have ceased to be used, depreciation shall cease to be calculated from the month following the month in which they have ceased to be used. Enterprises should be based on the nature and use of fixed assets, a reasonable determination of the estimated net residual value of fixed assets. Once determined, the estimated net residual value of fixed assets shall not be changed. Article 60 Except as otherwise provided by the competent departments of finance and taxation under the State Council, the minimum years for calculating depreciation of fixed assets shall be as follows: (1) houses and buildings shall be 20 years; (2) airplanes, trains, ships, machinery, machines and other production equipment shall be 10 years; (3) appliances, tools, and furniture related to production and business activities shall be 5 years; (4) means of transportation other than airplanes, trains, and ships (e) electronic equipment, three years.
Question 2: What is the depreciation base and depreciation period? 1, the so-called depreciation base of fixed assets, is the basis for depreciation of fixed assets, the basis for calculating depreciation of fixed assets for the tax basis. Article 58 of the Regulations for the Implementation of the Enterprise Income Tax Law stipulates that the taxable base of fixed assets shall be determined in the following ways: (1) purchased fixed assets: the purchase price and related taxes paid, as well as other expenditures directly attributable to the achievement of the intended use of the asset as the taxable base; (2) self-constructed fixed assets: expenditures incurred prior to the completion and settlement of the work shall be the taxable base; (3) leased fixed assets: expenditures incurred prior to the completion of the lease agreement as the taxable base; (4) finance leased fixed assets: the taxable base of fixed assets shall be calculated on the basis of the depreciation agreed in the lease contract. Fixed assets: the total amount of payments agreed in the lease contract and the relevant expenses incurred by the lessee in the process of signing the lease contract shall be the tax basis; if the total amount of payments is not agreed in the lease contract, the fair value of the asset and the relevant expenses incurred by the lessee in the process of signing the lease contract shall be the tax basis; (4) Inventory surplus of fixed assets: the replacement full value of similar fixed assets shall be the tax basis; (5) Fixed assets purchased by means of donations, investments, non-monetary asset exchanges, debt restructuring and other ways to acquire fixed assets: the fair value of the asset and the relevant taxes paid as the tax basis; (6) altered fixed assets: in addition to the alteration expenditures of the fixed assets that have been fully depreciated and the alteration expenditures of the leased fixed assets, increase the tax basis by the alteration expenditures incurred in the course of the alteration process.2. The number of periods for which the depreciation of a fixed asset is to be made. It is the period of depreciation time.
Question 3: financial accumulated depreciation how to calculate the projector should belong to the electronic equipment, the new income tax law allows a minimum depreciation of 3 years residual value is generally 5%, 3% Monthly depreciation = (original value - salvage value) / (life * 12) = (3300-3300 * 5%) / (3 * 12) = $ 87.08 annual depreciation = 87.08 * 12 = 1044.96 yuan
Question 4: How are fixed assets calculated I. Recognition of fixed assets
Fixed assets, refers to the enterprise's period of use of more than 1 year of houses, buildings, machinery, machinery, means of transportation, and other production, business-related equipment, apparatus
tools, tools and so on. Items that do not belong to the production and operation of major equipment, the unit value of more than 2,000 yuan, and the useful life of more than 2 years, should also be treated as fixed assets. According to this provision, belonging to the production of business with
fixed assets, only the time of use of a condition, not belonging to the production of major equipment items, at the same time, the time of use and the unit value of the standard two conditions. This provision can not be adjusted due to price changes caused by fixed
assets unit value standard adjustment. In addition, whether a property is a fixed asset, but also depending on the enterprise to hold this property for the purpose of long-term use, whether it is for production and management to determine.
An enterprise should, based on the definition of fixed assets and in light of the specific circumstances of the enterprise, formulate a fixed asset catalog, classification method, depreciable life and depreciation method for each category or item of fixed assets, which will serve as the basis for accounting for fixed assets.
The fixed assets catalog, classification method, estimated useful life, estimated net residual value and depreciation method of each category or item of fixed assets formulated by the enterprise shall be compiled into a booklet and approved by the shareholders' general meeting or the board of directors,
or the meeting of the manager (plant manager) or similar bodies in accordance with the management authority, and submitted to the relevant parties for record in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations, and at the same time, be prepared to be placed at the enterprise's The enterprise has determined and reported to the public. The enterprise has been determined and reported to the public
. The fixed assets catalog, classification method, estimated net residual value, estimated useful life, depreciation method, etc., which have been determined or placed in the location of the enterprise, shall not be changed arbitrarily, and if changes are required, they shall still be submitted to the relevant parties for recordation in accordance with the above procedures after approval and shall be explained in the notes to the accounting statements. Tools and instruments not managed as fixed assets are accounted for as low value consumables.
Second, the classification of fixed assets
There are many types of fixed assets, according to different classification standards, can be divided into different categories. Enterprises should choose the appropriate classification standards, fixed assets will be categorized to meet the needs of business management.
(a) Fixed assets can be categorized into fixed assets for production and fixed assets for non-production according to economic use. Fixed assets for production, refers to the fixed assets directly serving the production and operation process of the enterprise. Fixed assets for non-production, refers to fixed assets that do not directly serve the production process.
Fixed assets classified by economic use, can be categorized to reflect the changes in the composition of the enterprise production and operation of fixed assets and non-production fixed assets between the assessment and analysis of the enterprise management and utilization of fixed assets, so as to promote the rational allocation of fixed assets, to give full play to its utility.
(ii) fixed assets according to the use of classification, can be divided into the use of fixed assets, unused fixed assets and fixed assets do not need to use. Fixed assets in use refers to operating and non-operating fixed assets in use
assets. Due to seasonal operation or repair and other reasons, the temporary suspension of the use of fixed assets still belongs to the enterprise fixed assets in use; enterprise leased to other units to use fixed assets and internal replacement of fixed assets,
also belongs to the fixed assets in use. Fixed assets not in use, refers to the completed or purchased fixed assets have not yet been delivered to the use of fixed assets, as well as due to alterations, expansion and other reasons to stop using the fixed assets. Such as the purchase of the enterprise is still
fixed assets to be installed, the business task changes to stop using the fixed assets. Fixed assets not in use, is the enterprise surplus or not applicable, the need to deploy fixed assets.
Classification of fixed assets according to the use of fixed assets is conducive to the enterprise to grasp the use of fixed assets, to facilitate the comparative analysis of the utilization of fixed assets, to tap the potential for the use of fixed assets, to promote the rational use of fixed assets, but also to facilitate the enterprise to accurately and reasonably depreciate fixed assets.
(c) Fixed assets can be categorized according to ownership, can be divided into own fixed assets and leased fixed assets. Owned fixed assets refers to the fixed assets owned by the enterprise can be used at the enterprise's discretion; leased fixed assets refers to the enterprise using the lease from other units of fixed assets.
(d) fixed assets according to the economic use and use of comprehensive classification, can be divided into fixed assets for production and operation, non-production and operation of fixed assets, leased fixed assets, fixed assets not required, unused fixed assets, land, fixed assets leased under finance.
Land, mainly refers to assets that have been valued ...... >>
Question 5: Calculation of accounting depreciation amount Estimated net salvage rate = Estimated net salvage value ÷ Original value × 100%
Estimated net salvage value = Original value × Estimated net salvage rate = 50,000 × 10% = 5,000 (yuan)
Straight-line method
Annual depreciation per year = (original value - estimated net Annual depreciation = (original value - estimated net salvage value) ÷ estimated useful life
Annual depreciation = (50,000 - 5,000) ÷ 5 = 9,000 (yuan)
Sum-of-the-years method
Annual depreciation = depreciation base × declining depreciation rate
= (original value - estimated net salvage value) × useful life/1 + 2 The remaining useful life / 1 + 2 + ... + n
The first year (2009) annual depreciation = (50,000 - 5,000) × 5 / (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) = 15,000 (yuan)
The second year (2010) annual depreciation = (50,000 - 5,000) × 4 / (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) = 15,000 (yuan)
The second year (2010) annual depreciation = (50,000 - 5,000) × 4 / (1 + 1 + 5) = 15,000 (yuan) -5000) × 4 / (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) = 12000 (yuan)
The third year (2011) annual depreciation = (50000-5000) × 3 / (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) = 9000 (yuan)
The fourth year (2012) annual depreciation = (50000-5000) × 2 / (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) = 6000 ($)
Fifth year (2013) annual depreciation = (50000-5000) × 1 / (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) = 3,000 ($)
Double-declining balance method <
Annual depreciation rate = 2/estimated useful life × 100%
Annual depreciation = annual depreciation rate × depreciated value of fixed assets at the beginning of each year Depreciation: the balance after depreciation
The first year (2009) annual depreciation = 2/5 × 50,000 = 20,000 ($)
The second year (2010) annual depreciation = 2/5 × ( 50,000-20,000) = 12,000 (yuan)
The third year (2011) annual depreciation = 2/5 × (50,000-20,000-12,000) = 7,200 (yuan)
Fixed assets depreciable life expires before the first Within two years (i.e.: the penultimate two years), the remaining value of the book depreciated value of fixed assets after deducting the estimated net salvage value will be amortized equally over the two years
The fourth year (2012) and the fifth year (2013)
Annual depreciation amount per year = 1/2 × [50,000-5,000 - ( 20000 + 12000 + 7200)] = 2900 (yuan)
Note that the time frame for depreciation of fixed assets: generally should be depreciated on a monthly basis, the month increase in fixed assets, the month no depreciation, depreciation from the next month; the month decrease in fixed assets, depreciation in the month as usual, not depreciated from the next month (the next month to see the effect). -- increase in the month, the month does not mention; the month decrease, the month as mentioned
For example, in this question, from January 2009 to start depreciation:
The first year: January 2009 - December 2009
The second year: January 2010 December 2013
Question 6: How to depreciate the sum-of-the-years method Sum-of-the-years method:
Annual depreciation = depreciation base × depreciation rate decreasing year by year
= (original value - estimated net salvage value) × useful life / 1 + 2 + ... + n
As an example. A simple example:
In December 2007, CK purchased a piece of equipment and put it into use that month. The original value of the equipment is $158,000, the estimated useful life is 5 years, and the estimated net salvage value is $8,000. Annual depreciation for the first year = (158000-8000) × 5/(1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) = 50000 (yuan)
Annual depreciation for the second year = (158000-8000) × 4/(1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) = 40000 (yuan)
Annual depreciation for the third year = (158000-8000) × 4/(1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) = 40000 (yuan)
The original value of the equipment is 158000 yuan. Depreciation = (158000-8000) × 3 / (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) = 30,000 (yuan)
Fourth-year depreciation = (158000-8000) × 2 / (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) = 20,000 (yuan)
Fifth-year depreciation = (158000-8000) × 2 / (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) = 20,000 (yuan)
Fifth-year depreciation = (158000-8000) × 2 / (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) = 20,000 (yuan)
Fifth-year depreciation = (158000-8000) × 1 / (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) = 10000 (yuan)
Question 7: How to correctly depreciate fixed assets Fixed assets are held by the enterprise for the production of goods, the provision of services for external rental or business management, the useful life of more than one fiscal year of tangible assets, including houses, buildings, Machines, machinery, means of transportation and other equipment, appliances and tools related to production and business activities. The essence of depreciation of fixed assets is a value transfer process and the process of change in the form of funds, the correct extraction of depreciation, not only is conducive to the correct calculation of product costs, but also to ensure that the source of funds for the reproduction of fixed assets. The size of the depreciation amount of fixed assets by the depreciation base, net salvage value, depreciable life, depreciation method and other factors, "Enterprise Accounting Standards" (referred to as the standard) and the "People's Republic of China *** and the State Enterprise Income Tax Law" and its implementing regulations (referred to as the tax law) on the extraction of depreciation of fixed assets were made corresponding provisions. Only by grasping the old fixed asset depreciation factors, in order to ensure that the depreciation amount is correct, the tax will not be affected. Now affect the depreciation of fixed assets from the standard, the tax law to compare the factors. First, the depreciation of fixed assets Fan delay Guidelines provide that enterprises should be depreciated on all fixed assets. However, has been fully depreciated still continue to use the fixed assets and separately accounted for land, except. The tax law provides that the following fixed assets shall not be calculated depreciation deduction: houses, buildings other than fixed assets not put into use; leased fixed assets under operating leases; leased fixed assets under finance leases; has been fully depreciated and still continue to use fixed assets; fixed assets unrelated to business activities; separate valuation of the land as a fixed asset accounted for; and other fixed assets shall not be calculated depreciation deduction. . The scope of fixed assets depreciated under the standard is much wider than that under the tax law. Second, the depreciation base The fixed assets of enterprises have different sources, some are purchased, some are self-built, now from different sources of assets to explain its depreciation base. (1) Purchased Fixed Assets The standard stipulates that the cost of purchased fixed assets includes the purchase price, related taxes, transportation costs attributable to the fixed assets incurred before the fixed assets reach the intended state of use, loading and unloading costs, installation costs, and professional service fees, and so on. Taxation is based on the purchase price and related taxes paid, as well as other expenses directly attributable to bringing the asset to its intended use. (2) Self-constructed property, plant and equipment The Guidelines stipulate that the cost of self-constructed property, plant and equipment consists of the necessary expenditures incurred before the construction of the asset reaches its intended use. The tax basis is based on the expenditures incurred before the completion of the construction. (3) Fixed assets leased under finance leases The standard stipulates that, at the commencement date of the lease term, the lessee shall take the lower of the fair value of the leased asset at the commencement date of the lease and the present value of the minimum lease payments as the book value of the leased asset. Initial direct costs incurred by the lessee in the process of lease negotiation and signing of the lease contract, which are attributable to the leasing item, such as handling fees, attorney's fees, travel expenses, stamp duty and other initial direct costs, shall be included in the value of the leased asset. The tax law stipulates that the total amount of payment agreed in the lease contract and the related expenses incurred by the lessee in the process of signing the lease contract shall be the tax basis, and if the total amount of payment is not agreed in the lease contract, the fair value of the asset and the related expenses incurred by the lessee in the process of signing the lease contract shall be the tax basis. (4) Fixed Assets Acquired by Investment The Guidelines stipulate that the recorded value is based on the value agreed in the investment contract or agreement plus relevant taxes and fees payable, unless the value agreed in the contract or agreement is not fair. The tax law then uses the fair value of the asset and the related taxes paid as the tax basis. (5) Fixed assets acquired in non-monetary asset exchanges The Guidelines stipulate that, when an enterprise takes the book value of the exchanged assets and the related taxes and fees payable as the cost of the exchanged assets, if a premium occurs, it should be handled in the following situations: if the premium is paid, the book value of the exchanged assets, plus the premium paid and the related taxes and fees payable, should be taken as the cost of the exchanged assets, and no profit or loss should be recognized; if the premium is received, it should be taken as the cost of the exchanged assets, and no profit or loss should be recognized. If the premium is received, the carrying amount of the asset to be exchanged, less the premium received and the related taxes payable, shall be the cost of the asset exchanged, and no gain or loss shall be recognized. Under the Tax Act, the fair value of the asset and the related taxes paid are used as the tax basis. (6) Fixed Assets Acquired through Debt Restructuring Both the Guidelines and the Tax Act use the fair value of the asset and the related taxes paid as the depreciation basis. (7) Alteration of Fixed Assets The standard stipulates that: subsequent expenditures such as upgrading and reconstruction of fixed assets shall be included in the cost of fixed assets if they meet the two conditions of "it is probable that the economic benefits related to the fixed assets will flow to the enterprise, and the cost of the fixed assets can be measured reliably". ...... >>
Question 8: The formula for calculating the depreciation rate annual average method is the meaning of the base!
You can derive from the formula:
Annual depreciation rate = annual depreciation / original value of fixed assets * 100% = (original value of fixed assets - salvage value) / estimated useful life years / original value of fixed assets * 100% = (1 - salvage rate) / estimated useful life years
I hope to help you!
Question 9: How to depreciate the sum-of-the-years method The sum-of-the-years method, also known as the total number of years method, is based on the original value of the fixed assets minus the estimated net salvage value of the net amount for the base, multiplied by a declining fraction of the yearly calculation of the amount of depreciation for each year, the molecule of the fraction on behalf of the number of years of the fixed assets are still available to be used, the sub each on behalf of the use of life year by year numerical totals. The formula is as follows:
Annual depreciation rate = remaining useful life / (divided by) the total number of years of estimated useful life or
Annual depreciation rate = (estimated useful life - used life) / (divided by) the estimated useful life X (estimated useful life +1)/2
Annual depreciation = (original value of fixed assets - estimated net salvage value) X annual depreciation of fixed assets -estimated net salvage value) X annual depreciation rate
Example: A company has a piece of production equipment with an original book value of $250,000, an estimated useful life of 5 years, and an estimated net salvage value of $4,000. Depreciation of fixed assets by the sum-of-the-years method. The depreciation for each year is calculated as follows:
Depreciation in the first year = (250,000 - 4000) X 5/15 = 82,000 yuan
Depreciation in the second year = (250,000 - 4000) X 4/15 = 65,600 yuan
Depreciation in the third year = (250,000-4000) X3/15 = $49,200
Depreciation in the fourth year = (250,000-4000) X2/15 = $32,800
Depreciation in the fifth year = (250,000-4000) X1/15
For reference
Question 10: Whether depreciation of fixed assets is depreciated or depreciable fixed assets are depreciated on the basis of the original cost less the estimated net salvage value
The choice of depreciation method should be based on the expected realization of the economic benefits contained in the fixed assets, and the choice of depreciation method includes the life of the fixed assets and the estimated net salvage value of the fixed assets. The depreciation methods that can be chosen include the average annual life method, workload method, sum-of-the-years method, and double-declining-balance method. Most of the depreciation methods are initially based on the original cost of the fixed assets less their estimated net salvage value. For example, the average annual limit method, the workload method, and the sum-of-the-years method. There are also depreciation methods based on the net value of fixed assets, such as the double declining balance method, is one of the accelerated depreciation method (the sum-of-the-years method is another), applicable to the service potential in the first period of consumption of a large number of fixed assets in the later period of consumption of less.
Once the fixed assets are impaired in accordance with the relevant method of provision for impairment of fixed assets, the depreciation policy has changed, no longer applicable to the original depreciation on the basis of the original price or net book value. Rather, it should be in the remaining useful life of the adjusted book value of fixed assets (fixed assets book balance less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment allowance) and the estimated net residual value of the recalculation to determine the depreciation rate and the amount of depreciation.