Action 1
Developing policies to promote biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilization
(1) Establishing and perfecting a system of pricing, taxation, credit, trade, land use and government procurement policies related to the promotion of biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilization, and granting preferential pricing, credit, and tax treatment to projects for the conservation and sustainable utilization of biodiversity.
(2) Improving the ecological compensation policy, expanding the coverage of the policy, and increasing the financial input.
(3) Formulate incentive policies to encourage the recycling of biological resources, and provide policy support for the development of technologies for biological resource substitutes.
Action 2
Improve the legal system for the protection and sustainable utilization of biodiversity
(1) Comprehensively sort out the contents of existing laws and regulations related to the protection of biodiversity, adjust the conflicts and inconsistencies between different laws and regulations, and improve the systematicity and coordination of laws and regulations.
(2) It will study and formulate laws and regulations on the management of nature reserves, wetland protection, genetic resource management and impact assessment of biodiversity, and study and revise the forest law, regulations on the protection of wild plants and regulations on urban greening.
(3) Strengthening legislation on invasive alien species and biosafety, studying and formulating laws and regulations on biosafety and the management of invasive alien species, and revising regulations on the safe management of agricultural genetically modified organisms.
(4) Strengthen the law enforcement system of national and local laws and regulations on biodiversity.
Action 3
Establishing and improving biodiversity protection and management institutions, and improving cross-sectoral coordination mechanisms
(1) Establishing and improving biodiversity management institutions of relevant departments and coordination mechanisms for biodiversity management of local governments, and strengthening the capacity building of grass-roots protection and management institutions.
(2) Evaluating the effectiveness of the existing "Coordination Group for China's Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity" and the "Inter-ministerial Joint Conference on the Conservation of Biological Species Resources", and strengthening their coordination and decision-making capacity.
(3) Strengthening communication and coordination between national and local management organizations.
(4) Establishing an inter-departmental collaborative mechanism for combating illegal acts against biodiversity.
Priority Area 2: Incorporate biodiversity conservation into sectoral and regional planning, and promote sustainable utilization
Action 4
Incorporate biodiversity conservation into sectoral and regional planning and programs
(1) The authorities in charge of biodiversity resources, such as forestry, agriculture, construction, water conservancy, ocean affairs, and traditional Chinese medicine, have formulated their own sectoral strategies and action plans for biodiversity conservation .
(2) Biodiversity conservation requirements are reflected in the plans and programs of relevant departments such as science and technology, education, commerce, land and resources, water conservancy, energy, tourism, transportation, publicity and poverty alleviation.
(3) Provincial governments have formulated strategies and action plans for biodiversity conservation in their regions.
(4) Formulating strategies and action plans for biodiversity conservation in river basins.
(5) Establishing an evaluation and supervision mechanism for the implementation of the plans and programs, and promoting their effective implementation.
Action 5
Guaranteeing the sustainable utilization of biodiversity
(1) Carrying out a pilot biodiversity impact assessment, and conducting a post-assessment of the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation measures for completed large-scale construction projects.
(2) To carry out in-depth work on ecological construction demonstration areas such as eco-provinces, eco-cities, eco-counties, eco-townships and eco-villages, national garden cities (counties and towns) as well as the construction of national eco-garden cities.
(3) Promoting concepts and behavioral norms conducive to biodiversity conservation in the fields of agriculture, forestry, fisheries, water conservancy, industry and energy, transportation, tourism and trade.
(4) Advocating consumption patterns and catering cultures conducive to biodiversity conservation.
Action 6
Reduce the Impact of Environmental Pollution on Biodiversity
(1) Continue to implement water pollution control projects in the Three Rivers and Three Lakes, the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, the Songhua River, the Pearl River, and the water source areas of the South-to-North Water Diversion, as well as along the routes.
(2) Continue to carry out comprehensive treatment of sulfur dioxide in power plants, iron and steel, nonferrous metals, chemical industry, building materials and other industries, and carry out the treatment of urban soot, dust, fine particulate matter and automobile exhaust.
(3) Continuing to carry out the construction of centralized disposal facilities for medical and hazardous wastes, municipal domestic waste treatment facilities, and disposal facilities for low and medium-level radioactive wastes, as well as the comprehensive treatment of stockpiled chromium dregs and contaminated soil.
(4) Promoting the treatment of sewage and garbage in villages and towns, and carrying out the treatment and remediation of rural sewage, garbage, agricultural surface sources, livestock breeding pollution, soil and historical legacy pollution from industrial and mining enterprises.
Priority Area 3: Conducting Biodiversity Surveys, Assessments and Monitoring
Action 7
Carrying out background surveys of biological species resources and ecosystems
(1) Carrying out comprehensive background surveys of biodiversity in the priority areas for biodiversity conservation.
(2) Conduct surveys of key species resources for key areas and key species types.
(3) Establishing national and local cataloging databases of species background resources.
(4) Regularly organizing national wildlife resource surveys and establishing resource files and cataloging.
(5) Conducting surveys on the background and diversity of aquatic biological resources in riverine wetlands.
(6) Construct a national biodiversity information management system.
Action 8
Carry out surveys and cataloging of biological genetic resources and related traditional knowledge
(1) Focusing on remote and ethnic minority areas, carry out surveys and collect and organize the resources of local crop and livestock breeds, as well as the resources of wild edible, medicinal plants and animals and fungi, and deposit them in the national germplasm resources database.
(2) Focusing on the investigation of germplasm resources of important forest trees, wild flowers, medicinal organisms and aquatic organisms, and carrying out the collection and preservation of resources, cataloging and database construction.
(3) Investigate traditional knowledge, innovations and practices related to bio-genetic resources in ethnic minority areas, establish databases, and carry out research and demonstrations for the benefit of ******.
Action 9
Conduct biodiversity monitoring and early warning
(1) Establish a system of monitoring standards for ecosystems and species resources, and promote standardization and normalization of biodiversity monitoring.
(2) Increase the development and construction of modernized equipment and facilities for monitoring ecosystems and different biological taxa.
(3) Relying on the existing biodiversity monitoring forces, build a biodiversity monitoring network system, carry out systematic monitoring, and realize data ****sharing.
(4) Develop biodiversity prediction and early warning models, establish an early warning technology system and an emergency response mechanism, and realize long-term and dynamic monitoring.
Action 10
Promote and coordinate the informatization of biological genetic resources
(1) Organize information on various types of biological genetic resources, and establish and improve the database and information system on biological genetic resources.
(2) To formulate a unified and coordinated inter-departmental biodiversity data management plan, and to build a system of information ****enjoyment on biological genetic resources.
Action 11
Carry out comprehensive assessment of biodiversity
(1) Develop a system for assessing ecosystem service functions and the economic value of species resources, and carry out a pilot demonstration of the economic value assessment of biodiversity.
(2) To assess the distribution pattern, trend of change, current conservation status and problems of important ecosystems and biological groups nationwide, and to issue comprehensive assessment reports on a regular basis.
(3) To establish and improve the assessment mechanism for endangered species, and to issue a national list of endangered species on a regular basis.
Priority Area 4: Strengthening in-situ conservation of biodiversity
Action 12
Coordinate the implementation and improve the planning of national nature reserves
(1) Coordinate the implementation of the development planning of nature reserves, and establish an information management system.
(2) Strengthen the construction of nature reserves in priority areas for biodiversity conservation, optimize the spatial layout, and improve the connectivity and overall conservation capacity among nature reserves.
(3) Studying the establishment of cross-border protected areas in the Ussuri River, Dalai Lake in Inner Mongolia, Ulat in Inner Mongolia, Altai in Xinjiang, Xarshiri in Xinjiang, Hongqilav Pass in Xinjiang, Everest in Tibet, and the lower reaches of the Tumen River.
Action 13
Strengthen the protection of priority areas for biodiversity conservation
(1) In the northeastern mountainous plains region, the focus is on the construction of nature reserves for swampy wetlands and the migratory and breeding sites of rare migratory birds in the Songnen-Sanjiang Plain, along the Heilong Jiang and Ussuri River, and in the lower reaches of the Tumen River and along the Yalu River.
(2) In the grassland desert area of the Mengxin Plateau, the focus is on strengthening the protection of the genetic diversity of wild fruit tree resources in the Xinjiang region as well as the protection of endemic species in desertified areas, such as tetrapods and sand cypresses.
(3) In the Loess Plateau area of the North China Plain, the focus will be on strengthening the protection of water-source conservation forests, and reducing soil erosion in the Loess Plateau through the planning and establishment of various types of ecological functional zones.
(4) In the alpine zone of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, emphasis is placed on the protection of cordyceps and alpine desert animals such as the Tibetan antelope, the Tibetan wild ass, the Tibetan gazelle, the snow leopard, the rock sheep, the pan sheep, and the black-necked crane.
(5) In the southwestern alpine valley area, the focus is on the protection of forest ecosystems in the Hengduan Mountain area, species such as giant pandas and antelopes, as well as matsutake mushrooms and cordyceps.
(6) In the mountainous and hilly areas of western central and southern China, the focus is on the protection of plants and animals in the limestone areas of western Gui and Qiannan.
(7) In the hilly plains area of East and Central China, the focus is on the protection of lakes and wetlands along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the ancient and precious plants that locally survive, as well as rare and endangered fish resources.
(8) In the low mountainous and hilly areas of South China, the focus is on the protection of endemic primates in the Xishuangbanna area of South Yunnan Province and the mountainous areas in the middle and south of Hainan Island, Asian elephants, Hainan sloping deer, wild oxen and other wild animals, as well as rare and endangered plants of the tropics.
(9) focusing on the protection of the Bohai Bay coastal wetlands and the Yellow Sea beach wetlands.
(10) To formulate plans, policies, systems and measures related to biodiversity conservation in priority regions.
(11) Strengthening supervision and carrying out the construction of biodiversity restoration demonstration areas and protection demonstration areas.
Action 14
Carrying out the standardized construction of nature reserves
Legal Basis
China's Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Plan of Action (2011-2030)
The Effectiveness of Biodiversity Conservation Efforts, Problems and Challenges
(1) ) Implementation of the Action Plan
Since 1994, the main targets set by the Action Plan have basically been realized, and have played a positive role in promoting biodiversity conservation in China. However, due to the lack of sufficient financial support and project implementation supervision mechanism, and the lack of public awareness of biodiversity conservation, some of the actions and projects in the Action Plan have not been implemented effectively.
(2) Effectiveness of Biodiversity Protection
1. The legal system for biodiversity protection has been initially established. The Chinese government has issued a series of laws related to biodiversity protection, including the Wildlife Protection Law, the Forest Law, the Grassland Law, the Animal Husbandry Law, the Seed Law, and the Law on the Quarantine of Animals and Plants Entering and Exiting the Country. regulations on the management of wild medicinal resources, etc. Relevant industry authorities and some provincial governments have also formulated corresponding regulations, local rules and norms.
2. A series of biodiversity conservation plans and programs have been implemented. After the release of the action plan, the government of China has also issued the Outline of the Development Plan for China's Nature Reserves (1996-2010), the National Ecological Environment Construction Plan, the National Ecological Environment Protection Outline, and the Outline of the National Plan for the Conservation and Utilization of Biological Species Resources (2006-2020). Relevant industry authorities have also issued and implemented a series of plans and programs in the areas of nature reserves, wetlands, aquatic life, and protection of livestock and poultry genetic resources, respectively.
3. The working mechanism for biodiversity conservation has been gradually improved. China has set up the Coordination Group for China's Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Inter-ministerial Joint Conference on the Protection of Biological Species Resources, and has established a mechanism for exchanging information on biodiversity and biosafety, initially forming a national coordinating mechanism for the protection of biodiversity and implementation of the Convention. All relevant departments have set up biodiversity management-related organizations in accordance with their work needs. Some provincial governments have also successively set up coordination mechanisms for biodiversity protection.
4. The capacity for basic investigation, scientific research and monitoring of biodiversity has been upgraded. The relevant departments have organized a number of national or regional species surveys, established relevant databases, and published species catalogues such as the Flora of China, the Fauna of China, the Sporophyta of China, and the Red Book of Endangered Animals of China. Relevant departments have successively carried out scientific research and monitoring of species resources in their respective fields, and established corresponding monitoring networks and systems.
5. In situ conservation has made remarkable achievements. By the end of 2008, China had established 2,538 nature reserves at all levels, with a total area of 148,943,000 hectares, accounting for 15.13% of the land area, exceeding the world's average of 12%, of which there were 303 state-level nature reserves, initially forming a network of nature reserves with relatively complete types, reasonable layouts and sound functions; and 2,277 forest parks were established. Its China