Ozone has the smell of grass. Inhaling a small amount is beneficial to the human body, but inhaling excessive amounts is harmful to human health. However, many people don’t know much about how ozone is formed. The following is a summary of the causes of ozone formation that I have made for you. I hope it will be useful to you.
Formation of Ozone
Ozone mainly exists in the ozone layer in the lower part of the stratosphere 20 kilometers away from the earth's surface, with a content of about 50ppm. It absorbs short-wave ultraviolet rays that are harmful to the human body and prevents them from reaching the earth to shield organisms on the earth's surface from ultraviolet rays. In the atmosphere, oxygen molecules are decomposed into oxygen atoms (O) due to high-energy radiation, and the oxygen atoms combine with another oxygen molecule to form ozone. Ozone will react with oxygen atoms, chlorine or other free substances to decompose and disappear. Due to this repeated generation and disappearance, the ozone content can be maintained at a certain equilibrium state. Applications of Ozone
Applications of Ozone in Agriculture
Ozone is a colorless and slightly smelly gas. When dissolved in water, it becomes a strong oxidant and is harmful to living things. Cells have a strong killing effect. The ozone generator can convert oxygen in the air into ozone under the ionization of high-voltage and high-frequency electricity, which can then be utilized in production. In recent years, the author has used ozone generators to carry out experimental demonstrations of using ozone to prevent and control vegetable diseases and pests in greenhouses in greenhouses around Xi'an, and achieved good results.
1. Advantages of ozone for pest control
1. Safe, efficient and low cost. Ozone can be used for multiple purposes, preventing and controlling multiple diseases and insect pests at the same time, and the cost of prevention and control is low. Compared with spraying pesticides, applying ozone is more convenient, efficient and safe. It can greatly reduce the amount of pesticides used and avoid vegetable farmers from applying highly toxic and high-residue pesticides, thus reducing the cost of pesticides. 2. No pollution. Ozone is unstable in dry air and can be quickly decomposed and reduced to oxygen. Therefore, there is no pollution or residue in the plants and fruits. It is an important way to achieve pollution-free vegetable production.
3. Improve quality and increase production. After testing, the use of ozone in greenhouse tomatoes has significantly reduced deformed fruits, increased yield by about 20%, and the fruits are large, well-colored, and taste good.
2. Usage method 1. Seed treatment. Introduce ozone gas into clean water and stir continuously. After 10 minutes, an ozone solution is obtained. Pour the seeds into it and soak it for 15-20 minutes to kill viruses, bacteria and insect eggs on the surface of the seeds.
2. Greenhouse pest control ① Fumigation shed disinfection. 10 days before planting, you can use an ozone generator to centralize ozone in the greenhouse in combination with a high-temperature stuffy greenhouse. The application time should be no less than 2 hours. ②Prevent and control seedbed diseases and insect pests. Seal the seedbed tightly first, spray for 1 minute per 10 square meters, fumigate for 10 minutes, and then ventilate for 30 minutes. ③Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests after planting facility vegetables. After the seedlings are planted and slowed down, ozone is continuously applied to each acre of greenhouse for 7-10 minutes, then airtight and fumigated for 15-20 minutes, and then ventilated for 30 minutes. For pest-free greenhouses, apply once every 5-7 days, and apply 5 times continuously. After every 2-3 times, increase the application time by 5 minutes, until it increases to 25 minutes per acre. The fumigation time also increases by 5-10 minutes every 2-3 times. Tests have proven that ozone has a good control effect on tomato gray mold, leaf mold, early blight, late blight, cucumber downy mildew, blight, etc., as well as greenhouse whitefly, leafminer, aphids and other diseases and insect pests. However, for diseases and insect pests in greenhouse soil, because the amount of ozone gas penetrating into the soil is too small and the concentration is too low, it has no effect.
3. Precautions
1. Reasonably determine the amount of application and fumigation time. The amount of ozone application and closed fumigation time should be appropriately adjusted according to different crops and their growth periods. Generally, crops in the adult stage are more adaptable to ozone than crops in the seedling stage. During production, if the amount of ozone applied is too large or the fumigation time of the greenhouse is too long, it will cause the leaves and flowers of the greenhouse vegetables to dry up, and in severe cases, it will cause the death of the plants.
As the plants grow, the amount of application and fumigation time can be gradually increased to achieve the purpose of controlling diseases and insect pests without harming vegetable crops. The release should be as uniform as possible, and the nozzle should not be directly facing the vegetables, but should be at least 0.8-1 meters away from the vegetable plants. Ventilation should be carried out in time after the fumigation time is reached. Generally, the ventilation time should not be less than 30 minutes.
2. Temperature and humidity control. When ozone is applied, the indoor temperature in the greenhouse should be kept within the range of 10-30°C. The prevention and control effect will be better when the air humidity is high.
3. When fumigating the shed, people and animals must be strictly prevented from entering to avoid poisoning or other adverse reactions.
The basic principle of ozone removal of pesticide residues
Ozone is a strong oxidant, and pesticides are organic compounds. Ozone disinfection water destroys the chemical bonds of organic pesticides through strong oxidation, causing them to lose The medicinal properties simultaneously kill various bacteria and viruses on the surface to achieve the purpose of detoxification.
The canteen fruit and vegetable tableware sterilizer is a special equipment for canteens developed by taking advantage of the characteristics and performance of ozone. This equipment can quickly sterilize, disinfect and deodorize and produce high-concentration ozone water in a short time, ensuring Canteen food is safe to eat. This type of equipment is generally implemented using ozone germicidal lamps or ozone machines.
1. It can effectively degrade pesticide residues in rice, vegetables, and fruits and extend the shelf life.
2. Used for tableware disinfection, air disinfection, freezer and storage room disinfection, odor removal and mildew prevention, which can effectively kill bacteria and viruses and prevent the spread of diseases.
Ozone is an isomer of oxygen and a strong oxidant; its pesticide-reducing and bacterial-removing effect is 1.5 times that of chlorine, and its sterilization speed is 600 to 3,000 times faster than chlorine. Ozone naturally decays into oxygen at room temperature, with a decay period of 15 to 25 minutes. Ozone is quickly converted into "ecological oxygen" in water, and there is no residual problem. Ozone is an efficient and fast pesticide removal and bactericide. It can quickly dissolve pesticide residues in a short time and eliminate bacteria and viruses quickly.
Ozone not only has the functions of disinfection, sterilization, deodorization, decolorization, etc., but also changes the respiratory state of plants, activates plant cells, detoxifies, breaks down organic impure substances, and many other benefits to humans and the environment? Forwardization? Effect. Ozone can effectively reduce and destroy pesticides, chemical fertilizers, biohormone residues and various germs and pathogenic bacteria in food through water media, reducing the harm of pollution to humans.
1) Soaking vegetables and fruits in the odorous water produced by the ozone machine can kill bacteria and viruses from the outside to the inside, degrade chemical fertilizers and pesticide residues, and activate plant cells, allowing you to enjoy natural taste and Nutritious fruits and vegetables are more reliable to eat. More than 95% of pesticide residues can be removed, nutrients are not lost, and they stay fresh for a long time.
2) Soaking broilers, raw meat, frozen fish, and frozen shrimps with ozone water generated by the ozone machine can kill harmful bacteria carried during slaughtering and transportation, and degrade biohormones and antibiotics absorbed during the feeding process. , hormones and other harmful substances to the human body, and can also remove the fishy smell, allowing you to eat chicken, fish, meat, and eggs with confidence and a more delicious taste.
3) The ozone water produced by the ozone machine can bleach the dirt on the surface of the clothes and the color of the dye, and can sterilize and decompose impurities, reducing water source pollution. There will be no chemical detergent residues that can irritate the skin. , and has the effect of preventing skin diseases and athlete's foot.
4) Rinse the rice with water, which can degrade pesticide and fertilizer residues, and then use the purified water to cook. The cooked rice is delicious and nutritious. (Do not use aluminum containers)
Since ozone will eventually be reduced to oxygen and water without leaving any residual substances, it will not cause any pollution to the environment.
5 (Ozone, with its strong oxidation, bactericidal, easy decomposition and no residue characteristics, has broad application prospects in the removal of pesticide residues, sterilization, antisepsis and preservation, etc.
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Air cleanliness level requirements for sterile pharmaceutical production environments: In order to meet the above requirements, what kind of purification and sterilization process should we choose? There are currently four sterilization methods.
Among them, ozone sterilization is one of the important methods. However, no matter what kind of disinfection method is used, the above regulations must be met, and ozone sterilization is no exception. As a disinfection method that replaces traditional disinfection methods, ozone has stricter requirements and is easier to implement. Otherwise, it will be difficult to gain a foothold.
Applications in the catering industry
The main advantages of ozone in the catering industry
Ozone’s disinfection methods in the catering industry are flexible, low-cost, effective, and cost-effective side effect.
1. Ozone disinfection method: 1. Use ozone water for cleaning and soaking; 2. Use ozone for disinfection
2. Advantages of ozone disinfection
1. Not only It can sterilize tableware, and has the ability to sterilize catering venues and kitchen equipment that other disinfection equipment and methods do not have. It can degrade pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables and harmful hormones contained in meat products to avoid the occurrence of food poisoning.
(1) Ozone can directly disinfect kitchens, dining rooms, kitchen utensils, refrigerators, vegetable racks, breeding grounds, and storage rooms, and it can also be used for cleaning and disinfection with ozone water;
( 2) Ozone or ozone water can be used to sterilize tableware that cannot withstand high temperatures, such as plastics, colored porcelain products, etc.
(3) Ozone water washing of vegetables can degrade residual pesticides in fruits and vegetables and harmful hormones in meat products.
2. Ozone disinfection requires a short time and is simple to operate. There is no need to clean after disinfection. If you want to disinfect 100 pieces of tableware (for 8-10 people to eat):
(1 ) The routine procedure takes about 140 minutes, and the process is as follows:
Decontamination (15 minutes) Detoxification and soaking (90 minutes) Cleaning (15 minutes) Disinfection cabinet (20 minutes) Use
(2) If ozone is used for disinfection, it usually only takes 38 minutes. The process is as follows:
Decontamination (15 minutes) Cleaning (15 minutes) Disinfection and soaking (8 minutes) Use
(3) If ozone water is used for disinfection, it only takes 30 minutes. The process is as follows:
Decontamination (15 minutes) Cleaning, disinfection and soaking (15 minutes) Use
3. Ozone disinfection has no harmful residues and no secondary pollution.
Ozone decomposes into oxygen by itself after disinfection. It has no peculiar smell and no pollution, and the disinfection is comprehensive and effective.
4. Ozone disinfection has low cost.
Ozone disinfection mainly uses air as raw material, and the power consumption is much lower than that of disinfection cabinets. Tableware can be used directly after ozone disinfection without drying.
The principle of ozone disinfection can be considered as an oxidation reaction.
(1) The mechanism of ozone inactivation of bacteria:
The inactivation reaction of ozone on bacteria always proceeds very quickly. What is different from other bactericides is that ozone can react with the double bonds of bacterial cell wall lipids, penetrate into the interior of the bacteria, act on proteins and lipopolysaccharides, change the permeability of cells, and cause bacterial death. Ozone also acts on nuclear substances in cells, such as purines and pyrimidines in nucleic acids, damaging DNA.
(2) The mechanism of ozone inactivation of viruses:
The effect of ozone on viruses is first to damage the four polypeptide chains of the virus’s capsid protein, especially the RNA. is the protein from which it is formed. After the phage is oxidized by ozone, electron microscopy observation shows that its epidermis is broken into many fragments, from which a lot of ribonucleic acid is released, interfering with its adsorption to the host. The thoroughness of ozone sterilization is beyond doubt. The harm of ozone to humans
Low concentrations of ozone can disinfect.
The ozone concentration in general forest areas can reach 0.1ppm), but excessive ozone is an invisible killer!
▲ It strongly stimulates the human respiratory tract, causing sore throat, chest tightness and cough, bronchitis and emphysema. ;
▲ Ozone can cause neurotoxicity, dizziness, headaches, decreased vision, and memory loss;
▲ Ozone can cause damage to vitamin E in human skin, causing The skin wrinkles and dark spots appear;
▲ Ozone can also destroy the body’s immune function, induce chromosomal lesions in lymphocytes, accelerate aging, and cause pregnant women to give birth to deformed babies;
▲ And Ozone and organic waste gas generated by the heating of toner in copiers are strong carcinogens, which can cause various types of cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
▲ Negative ion generators will produce ozone when producing negative ions. Faced with numerous negative ion products, ordinary consumers do not have professional knowledge and measuring instruments. They must be cautious when choosing negative ion generator products and choose regular products from regular manufacturers. Products, and understand the relevant parameters in detail to avoid affecting your health by buying fake and shoddy products.
Therefore, the harm caused by ozone and organic waste gas must attract people's great attention.
It is now well known that the ozone layer in the atmosphere protects life on earth. It absorbs most of the ultraviolet rays emitted by the sun, protecting animals and plants from the harm of such rays. In order to make up for the increasingly thinning ozone layer and even the hole in the ozone layer, people have tried every means, such as promoting the use of fluorine-free refrigerants, to reduce the damage to ozone caused by Freon and other substances. The world has also set up an International Ozone Layer Protection Day specifically for this purpose. This gives people the impression that the more protected ozone should be, the better. In fact, this is not the case. If there is too much ozone in the atmosphere, especially near the ground, too high an ozone concentration will be harmful to humans. It's a scourge. Ozone is also a greenhouse gas that can cause a more serious greenhouse effect.
Ozone is a trace gas in the earth's atmosphere. It is formed when oxygen molecules in the atmosphere are decomposed into oxygen atoms by solar radiation, and then the oxygen atoms combine with surrounding oxygen molecules. It contains 3 oxygen atoms. atom. More than 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the upper atmosphere or stratosphere, 10 to 50 kilometers above the ground. This is the atmospheric ozone layer that needs human protection. There are still a small number of ozone molecules lingering near the ground, which can still play a certain role in blocking ultraviolet rays. However, some experts have found that the concentration of ozone in the atmosphere near the ground has a tendency to increase rapidly, which is ominous. Although ozone plays an important role in protecting humans and the environment in the stratosphere, if its concentration in the troposphere increases, it will have harmful effects on human health. Ozone is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract, and also affects lung function. Higher concentrations of ozone are also harmful to plants.
Where does this ozone come from? Like lead pollution, sulfide, etc., it also originates from human activities. Cars, fuels, petrochemicals, etc. are important sources of ozone pollution. When walking on the busy streets, you often see a slightly light brown air with a pungent smell. This is commonly known as photochemical smog. Ozone is the main component of photochemical smog. It is not emitted directly, but converted. For example, nitrogen oxides emitted by cars can generate ozone as long as it is exposed to sunlight radiation and suitable meteorological conditions. As automobile and industrial emissions increase, ground-level ozone pollution has become a common phenomenon in many cities in Europe, North America, Japan, and our country. According to the information currently available to experts, it is estimated that by 2005, the near-ground atmospheric ozone layer will become the main pollutant affecting air quality in North my country.
Studies have shown that the concentration of ozone in the air that causes certain reactions in people is 0.5-1ppm. Over time, people will feel discomfort such as dry mouth, and the concentration of 1-4ppm will cause people to cough. The reason is that, as a strong oxidant, ozone can react with almost any biological tissue.
When ozone is inhaled into the respiratory tract, it quickly reacts with the cells, fluids and tissues in the respiratory tract, causing weakened lung function and tissue damage. The dangers of ozone are even more pronounced for those suffering from asthma, emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Judging from the properties of ozone, it can both help and harm people. It is not only a protective umbrella given by God to mankind, but sometimes it is like a powerful poison. So far, people have reached a complete understanding of the positive effects of ozone and what measures humans should take to protect the ozone layer and have done a lot of work. However, although people have already understood the negative effects of the ozone layer, there is no real and practical way to solve it except for atmospheric monitoring and air pollution forecasting.
A joint study by European scientists found that the ozone layer is a natural barrier that protects surface organisms from the harm of the sun’s ultraviolet rays, but ozone in the soil is the enemy of plant growth. It can inhibit the growth of various plants. growth, causing significant losses to agricultural production.
Ozone is a trace colorless gas with a special odor naturally produced in the atmosphere. Most ozone exists in the stratosphere about 25 kilometers above the ground. This is what people usually call of the ozone layer. The amount of ozone tends to vary with factors such as latitude, season, and weather.
French researchers said that the ozone layer in the sky can absorb more than 99% of the sun's ultraviolet rays, providing a natural protective barrier for organisms on the earth. However, when ozone exists in the soil, it is a serious of pollution. The latest research results show that where the sunshine is stronger, the loss caused by ozone in the soil is greater, especially the loss caused to crops.
French researchers believe that the main reason for the increase in ozone content in the soil is the nitrogen oxides produced during the combustion process of fossil fuels such as petroleum products. These nitrogen oxides float around in the air, and part of the oxygen The atoms slowly combine with oxygen in the air to form ozone, which is composed of 3 oxygen atoms. They emphasized that sunlight can accelerate this chemical reaction, so in regions with different climates, the impact of ozone in the soil on plant growth is also different. In water treatment systems, water tanks, exchange columns, and various filters, membranes, and pipes will continue to breed and multiply bacteria. Although disinfection and sterilization methods all provide the ability to remove bacteria and microorganisms, none of these methods can remove all bacteria and water-soluble organic contaminants in a multi-stage water treatment system. To date, the best way to continuously remove bacteria and viruses in high-purity water systems is to use ozone.
Ozone has been used in water treatment since 1905. It is superior to treating water with chlorine and can remove halides from water. The application of this method in domestic water systems is only in its infancy. This method of disinfection has become very common abroad because ozone does not produce harmful residues.
Using ozone disinfection and installing ultraviolet lamps in front of water points to reduce ozone residue is one of the common methods for disinfecting pharmaceutical water systems, especially purified water systems.
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