? Engineering design is the leader of engineering construction. In the past 20 years, the popularization and promotion of CAD (Computer Aided Design) technology has enabled architects and engineers to move from manual drafting to electronic drafting. The technical core of Building Information Modeling (BlM) is a database formed by computer three-dimensional model, which not only contains the architect's design information, but also can accommodate the whole process of information from design to completion and use, and even the end of the use cycle, and all kinds of information are always built in a three-dimensional model database. Building Information Modeling (BIM) provides continuous and instantaneous information about the scope, schedule, and cost of a project that is complete, reliable, and fully coordinated. BIM keeps information up-to-date and accessible in an integrated digital environment, giving architects, engineers, construction personnel, and owners a clear and comprehensive view of the project. This information can lead to faster and better decision-making during building design, construction, and management, resulting in higher quality and more profitable projects.
Core points of BIM design consulting include:
1. Parametric design
? Parametric design is essentially a combination of component design, building information model is assembled from countless virtual components, the component design does not need to use too much of the traditional modeling language, such as stretch, rotate, etc., but on the already established components (known as the family) to set the appropriate parameters, and so that the parameters can be adjusted, which in turn drive the component shape changes to meet the design requirements.
2. Component associative design
? Component associativity design is a derivative of parametric design. When all the components in a building model are controlled by parameters, if we relate these parameters to each other, then we realize associative design. In other words, when the architect modifies a component, the building model will be automatically updated, and this update is interrelated. For example, we often encounter the situation of modifying the height of the floor in the actual project, in the building information model, we only need to modify the value of the elevation of each floor, then all the walls, columns, windows, doors will be automatically changed, because the parameters of these components are associated with the elevation, and this change is three-dimensional, and is accurate and synchronized. We no longer need to go and modify the elevation and profile separately. Correlation design it not only improves the architect's work efficiency, but also solves the long-standing problem of errors, omissions and deficiencies between the drawings, the significance of which is obvious.
3. Parameter-driven building form design
? Parameter-driven architectural form design refers to the method of generating architectural forms by defining parameters, so that when the architect changes a parameter, the form can be automatically updated, thus helping the architect to carry out form studies. Parameter-driven building form design can still be realized by defining components. If we want to design a complex high-rise building, we can run through each layer of the high-rise building as a component, and then use the parameters (including some simple functions) to define and describe the geometry of the layer, and then finally the upper and lower layers of the parameter associated with each other. In Revit, there is another handy tool - volume. Volume design is closer to the architect's mode of work, the architect can start from the volume of speculation, without having to care about the relationship between volume and size parameters, when the volume of speculation is satisfactory, and then for the volume attached to the real attributes of the building components, such as to the form of the attachment of the curtain wall, walls, floor slabs, and so on. A more powerful feature of the volume model is that when we modify the volume again, the originally attached building components can be updated accordingly. This actually realizes the design method of "shape before size", and its technical idea is closer to "variable solid modeling technology".
4. Collaborative design
In the past, the collaborative design we understand is usually the collaboration between architectural and structural plumbing, heating and electrical specialties. Today, with the increase in complexity of construction projects, interdisciplinary collaboration has become a trend in architectural design.
? In the 2D CAD era, collaborative design lacks a unified technical platform, but building information modeling provides a good technical collaboration platform for traditional building trades, for example, when structural engineers change the size of their columns, the columns in the building model will also be updated immediately, and building information modeling also provides a good collaborative platform for different production departments, and even the management department, for example, construction companies For example, construction companies can add time parameters on the basis of building information modeling to carry out construction virtualization and control the construction progress, and government departments can carry out electronic review of drawings, etc. This has not only changed the way architects, structural engineers, and structural engineers work. This not only changes the traditional work coordination mode of architects, structural engineers, and equipment engineers, but also allows owners, government departments, manufacturers, and construction companies to work together based on the same building model with 3D parameters.
? Among them, parametric design is the core point, is the building components of a variety of real attributes through the form of parameter simulation, and related data statistics and calculations. In the building information model, the building component is not just a virtual visual component, but can simulate some non-geometric attributes in addition to the geometric shape, such as the material's fire resistance level, the material's heat transfer coefficient, the component's cost, purchasing information, weight, stress conditions, and so on.