Introduction to the chemical enterprise fire separation and explosion-proof design
Chemical enterprises due to the presence of a large number of flammable and explosive liquids, gases, and its production plant must meet the regional explosion-proof requirements, often to fire separation and electrical explosion-proof processing, in practice, there are many experiences and misunderstandings deserve our attention and vigilance:
First, the fire and explosion separation The problem.
A, B chemical enterprises and non-explosion-proof workshops, libraries, rooms, often to fire and explosion-proof separation: many companies in the separation, the use of fire board separation. This is one of the misunderstandings, fire board separation in civil buildings and class C plant is feasible, as long as the separation is in place, the fire-resistant limit to meet the specification requirements is completely reasonable; however, in the A, B chemical enterprises in the flammable liquid vapors, exam through the flammable gases can still be through the gap into the non-explosion-proof area, the long-term accumulation of easy to reach the explosion limit, especially in the workshop attached to non-explosion-proof distribution, control system room especially dangerous. Therefore, I recommend that the chemical enterprise fire separation must use an independent foundation of solid wall, the wall shall not have any door or window openings. In the workshop attached to the power distribution, operation and control room, rest room (non-explosion-proof), in the use of utility wall separation, often open doors and windows in the wall, in order to facilitate observation, access. General use of fixed sealing windows, Class A fire doors, in fact, sealing windows The strength of glass and fire-resistant limit is often unable to meet the specification requirements, the use of Class A fire doors for separation is also extremely unreasonable, often virtual, the door is often open or closed poorly, unable to meet the explosion-proof requirements, the author personally involved in investigating and dealing with the chemical industry rushes, damage to the fixed windows, combustible vapors into the control room, resulting in a deflagration of the Fire accident. Also dealt with due to the chemical workshop attached to the control room door is not closed, resulting in a deflagration accident.
Therefore, the author suggests that there should be? Door bucket? system (similar to the smoke stairwells of high-rise buildings), the power distribution room in principle must be set up separately from the workshop, the workshop attached to the control room shall not be set in the center of the workshop, should be set up on the side of the workshop and set up? Door bucket? system, and for the safety of operators, the control room should have a door, walkway through the closed stairwell, the so-called? Door bucket? System, is the use of two fire separation and the addition of a walkway with external windows.
The problem of linear monitors.
Class A and B workshop general motor, lighting fixtures, etc. is explosion-proof, some temperature, pressure and other display devices (using AC and DC power supply), but often non-explosion-proof ', for such linear display, it is best to use explosion-proof type, or the use of glass, strict sealing, glass cover sealing on the basis of a layer of protection outside the small operating room for maintenance and other operational safety. The safety of the operation of the maintenance and so on.
Three, electrical wiring.
Class A and B chemical enterprises often use the laying of electrical lines through the steel pipe protection or the use of cable trays, the use of cable trays, you must use the sealing type, in order to prevent corrosive gases on the corrosion of cables caused by line damage, accidents, wear steel pipe protection, the steel pipe and electrical appliances must be connected between the part of the processing, can be directly in the steel pipe to open the threads, screwing into the Electrical interface part, you can also use sealed metal (or high strength non-metallic) hose connection; in the electrical appliances on the open part of the unconnected line should be sealed with fire plugging material.
Fourth, the chemical production plant should try to use the open building, open building can not only increase the area of explosion relief, the key is to maximize the production of air circulation inside and outside the workshop to reduce the possibility of combustible gases, vapors accumulate in the workshop as much as possible to use the natural ventilation, because the mechanical forced ventilation is often the human factor and mechanical failure. Mechanical failure of the problem, can not ensure air circulation. Therefore, open production in a large number of use, the production of flammable liquids, combustible gases in the chemical production enterprises, is one of the most fundamental measures to prevent fire and explosion.
Of course, there are many chemical enterprises explosion-proof measures such as: to prevent the accumulation of static electricity, pipelines, containers, etc. should be set up anti-static devices, and regular testing, the liquid in the pipeline conveying process, should try to reduce the flow rate to reduce the generation of static electricity and so on. There are also such as: the stirring of the reactor, cold moving system should be kept in normal operation. Strengthen the operator's training, education, strictly in accordance with the operating procedures, to prevent misuse, in the discovery of abnormalities, can take normal measures to deal with timely and so on.
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