Can lighting and socket be measured together in energy consumption monitoring?

1 Abstract With the development of social economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, building energy consumption continues to rise. The reasons are as follows: First, the building area has increased; Secondly, the rapid increase of household appliances has improved the lighting conditions of buildings; Thirdly, people have higher and higher requirements for the thermal comfort of buildings; The refrigeration area of air conditioner is constantly expanding, the time is prolonged, and the energy consumption is correspondingly increased. At present, it is generally believed that building energy conservation is the most potential, direct and effective way to save energy, and it is also one of the most effective measures to alleviate energy shortage and solve the contradiction between social and economic development and insufficient energy supply. Therefore, adopting building energy-saving technical measures can not only improve the indoor thermal environment and reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning, but also reduce the waste heat and waste gas discharged by air conditioning, improve the atmospheric environment, which is of great significance to reduce the peak load of electricity consumption. In order to implement the relevant national energy laws and policies, improve the efficiency of equipment and energy utilization, improve the level of building energy-saving design, and enable building energy-saving designers to better master energy-saving design methods and be familiar with the selection of energy-saving equipment. Acrel-5000 building energy consumption analysis and management system developed by Acrel Company, through the ACR network watt-hour meter, harmonic meter and track watt-hour meter, carries out electric energy sub-metering and energy consumption analysis and management for large public buildings such as shopping malls, hotels, schools, banks, gymnasiums and government agencies. I hope it can play a guiding role in people's awareness of building energy conservation, provide reference for architectural designers, make the integrated design of building and energy conservation, and achieve better energy conservation effect. In the design and application of building energy-saving equipment, a large number of renewable energy sources should be used, such as using groundwater as cooling water and heat source water for air conditioning systems, and using refrigeration (heat pump) to extract the required cold (heat) from low-grade heat sources to provide cold (heat) for buildings; For another example, solar energy is a clean and inexhaustible renewable energy source, which can not only provide domestic hot water, but also generate photovoltaic power generation to provide light source for the lighting system of buildings. In addition, the application of solar energy to air conditioning technology can effectively reduce the large amount of power consumption caused by the use of conventional mechanical compression refrigeration equipment, thus reducing the environmental pollution caused by burning fossil energy for power generation. Therefore, designers should strive to explore the combination of renewable energy and architecture in building energy-saving design and build an economical society. 2 Basic knowledge 2. 1 Building energy consumption equipment Building equipment includes building electricity, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, fire protection, water supply and drainage, building automation, etc. Energy consumption equipment in buildings mainly includes air conditioning, lighting, hot water supply equipment, etc. The energy consumption of air conditioning system and lighting system accounts for the main share in most civil buildings in southern China, and the energy consumption of air conditioning system reaches 40% ~ 60% of the building energy consumption, which has become the main control object of building energy saving. 2.2 Problems that should be paid attention to in energy-saving design of building equipment. Building energy-saving design should first ensure the indoor thermal environment quality according to the local specific climate conditions, and at the same time improve the energy utilization efficiency of heating, ventilation, air conditioning and lighting systems, so as to realize the national energy-saving goal, sustainable development strategy and energy development strategy. 1) appropriately and reasonably reduce the design parameters, not passively at the expense of human comfort and health. Regarding the design parameters of air conditioning, the air conditioning temperature can be appropriately increased in summer, such as 25 ~ 26℃, and the heating temperature can be appropriately reduced in winter. 2) The scale of construction equipment should be reasonable, and the power of construction equipment system should be selected reasonably. If the power selection is too large, the equipment often runs at part load rather than at full load, which leads to low efficiency or idle equipment and unnecessary waste. If the power selection is too small to achieve satisfactory comfort, it is necessary to rebuild and it is also a waste. The refrigeration range and external thermal interference of buildings are basically fixed, and the main changes are personnel thermal interference and equipment thermal interference, so these factors are mainly considered when selecting air conditioning systems. At the same time, we should also consider that with the development of social economy, new electrical products are constantly emerging, and we should pay attention to the remaining capacity in the service life to meet the needs of development. 3) The design of building equipment should comprehensively consider that the heat between building equipment sometimes plays an energy-saving role, but sometimes it is offset by cold and heat. For example, in summer, the energy emitted by lighting equipment will be directly converted into indoor thermal disturbance, consuming more cold energy. The heat emitted by lighting equipment in winter will increase the indoor temperature and reduce the heat supply. Therefore, in the case of reasonable illumination, energy-saving lamps with high light flux and lighting lamps that can meet the requirements of energy saving in winter and summer should be selected. 4) Building Energy Management System Automation Building Energy Management System (EMS) is established on the platform of BAS (Building Automation System), aiming at energy saving and effective use of energy, and controlling the operation of building equipment. In order to meet the needs of modern building energy management, it collects energy consumption data such as power factor, temperature and flow rate in the building through the field bus to the upper management system, and the computer centrally processes the consumption of water, electricity and fuel in the whole building to realize dynamic display and report generation. According to these data, the optimal management of the system is realized, and the energy utilization efficiency is maximized. The cost of BAS system is equivalent to 0.5% ~ 1% of the total construction investment, and the annual operating cost saving rate is about 10%. Generally, the full cost can be recovered in 4 ~ 5 years. 5) The choice of building air conditioning mode and equipment should be determined through economic and technical analysis according to the local resources, fully considering the factors of energy saving, environmental protection and rationality. 3 Acrel-5000 building energy consumption analysis and management system 3. 1 system constitutes an energy consumption analysis and management system, which refers to the hardware system and software system that can collect energy consumption data in time by remote transmission by installing classified and sub-item energy consumption metering devices for office buildings and large public buildings of state organs, and realize online monitoring and dynamic analysis of energy consumption of key buildings. Among them, classified energy consumption refers to the energy consumption data collected according to the main types of energy consumed by office buildings and large public buildings of state organs, such as electricity, gas and water. Sub-item energy consumption refers to the energy consumption data collected and sorted according to the main uses of various energy sources. For example, the sub-item energy consumption of electricity should include: lighting socket electricity, air conditioning electricity, power electricity and special electricity. 3.2 Data transmission technology The energy consumption data collected by the automatic metering device of the building energy consumption monitoring system are automatically uploaded to the data center in real time through RS485 interface and TCP/IP communication protocol, so as to ensure the effective management of the data and support efficient query service. At the same time, certain coding rules are adopted for data transmission, and the consistency of data organization, storage and exchange is realized. 3.3 Data Center The data center is also a database, which receives and stores the energy consumption data of monitored buildings in its management area, and processes, analyzes, displays and publishes them. The data center has the functions of setting the time interval of data update, accessing historical data, alarming, printing reports, drawing real-time and historical curves and charts, and reserving corresponding expansion functions. 3.4 System Structure Acrel-5000 Building Energy Consumption Analysis and Management System takes computers, communication equipment and measurement and control units as basic tools, and adopts one or more optimized networking modes of field bus, optical fiber ring network or wireless communication according to the actual situation, providing a basic platform for real-time data acquisition and remote control of large public buildings, and can form any complex monitoring system with detection equipment. Openness, networking, unitization and configuration adopt an object-oriented hierarchical and distributed intelligent integrated structure. Establish the following hierarchical structure: 3.5 System functions The energy consumption data collection methods of Acrel-5000 building energy consumption analysis management system include manual collection and automatic collection. The data collected manually include the basic information of buildings and other energy consumption data that cannot be collected by automatic methods, such as the energy consumption of coal, liquefied petroleum and artificial gas consumed by buildings. The automatically collected data include building energy consumption data and classified energy consumption data, which are collected in real time by automatic metering devices and transmitted to the data center in real time through automatic transmission. 3.6 The information management system of large public buildings or buildings provides a standard manual information input interface, which can sort out and input the basic information of monitored buildings and support the function of manually inputting historical energy consumption data. The database of Acrel-5000 building energy consumption analysis and management system is also completely based on the document 1 14, according to the use function and energy consumption characteristics of the building. Office buildings of state organs and large public buildings are divided into the following eight categories: 1, office buildings 2, shopping malls 3, hotels 4, cultural and educational buildings 5, medical and health buildings 6, sports buildings 7, comprehensive buildings 8 and other buildings 3.6. 1. The real-time energy consumption monitoring system collects the instrument parameters of each monitoring point and uploads them to the database of the local building energy consumption analysis and management system. 3.6.2 The building classified energy consumption analysis system performs classified analysis of building energy consumption while completing data processing and uploading. This part of the function conforms to the definition in 1 14. That is to say, building energy consumption is divided into the following six categories: 1, electricity consumption 2, water consumption 3, gas consumption (natural gas or gas) 4, central heating consumption 5, central cooling consumption 6, and other energy consumption (such as central hot water supply, coal, oil, renewable energy, etc.). ) 3.6.3 Power analysis lighting socket: the lighting of the main functional areas of the building. Mainly including lighting and socket electricity, corridor and emergency lighting electricity, outdoor landscape lighting electricity. Electricity for air conditioning: mainly including electricity for cold and hot stations and electricity for air conditioning terminals. Power consumption: mainly including elevator electricity, water pump electricity and ventilator electricity. Special electricity consumption: mainly including information center, laundry room, kitchen and dining room, swimming pool, gym or other special electricity consumption. The total energy consumption of buildings is the sum of energy consumption (except water consumption) converted into standard coal. Total electricity consumption = ∑ the direct measurement value of each transformer master table, classified energy consumption = ∑ the direct measurement value of each classified energy consumption table, sub-item electricity consumption = ∑ the direct measurement value of each sub-item electricity consumption table, electricity consumption per unit construction area = total electricity consumption/total construction area, electricity consumption per unit air-conditioning area = total electricity consumption/total air-conditioning area 3.6.4 According to the graph, link and tie, the energy consumption of a building or area is hours and hours. 3.6.5 The building energy-saving auxiliary diagnosis system can extract all energy consumption data in the same environment for comparative analysis, establish reference values and judge the energy consumption level of each monitoring point, put forward a complete energy consumption improvement diagnosis process and give an energy consumption analysis report. 4 System Quotation Building Energy Consumption Analysis Software (Acrel-5000) Unit: Yuan (RMB) Sub-item Description Price Login Logout Server Configuration Standard 40000 Login Logout Logout Log and User Management Log Management Standard Add users, control user permissions, modify user passwords, building information, basic building information, basic building information, complex building relations and basic data center information. Branch and electricity meter information monitoring instrument parameters standard monitoring instrument product information electricity meter basic information branch equipment BA parameter configuration BA point configuration standard information configuration wizard information configuration wizard standard equipment monitoring equipment real-time energy consumption standard BA parameter analysis archiving equipment operation recording equipment switching time statistics environment monitoring building environment temperature standard sub-item energy consumption statistics. Comparison of energy consumption of standard items on a month-on-month basis, year-on-year analysis, data processing, original data query, abnormal data analysis report making, simple report standard, help user manual standard. Online help branch energy consumption branch energy consumption statistics match 7000 branch energy consumption time-sharing statistics month-on-month year-on-year analysis report making report customized matching 5000 meteorological data. Meteorological data matching 5000-day analysis power supply bureau contract limit application matching 1 1000 MD numerical analysis monthly bill check query branch electricity price query electricity price query energy consumption index maximum cumulative cooling (heating) output matching 1000 average cooling (heating). Measure the operating efficiency of water chillers, COP, energy efficiency ratio of 2000 cold station, energy efficiency ratio of 4000 air conditioning system, operating load ratio of refrigeration unit, and operation of cooling water pump of 7500 refrigeration station. Load Rate Refrigeration Station Building Refrigeration Pump Operating Load Rate Refrigeration Station Building Cooling Tower Operating Load Rate Air Conditioning Unit Operating Load Rate Refrigeration Station Building Refrigeration Unit Effective Utilization Rate Matching 7500 Refrigeration Station Building Cooling Pump Effective Utilization Rate Refrigeration Station Building Refrigeration Pump Effective Utilization rate of cooling tower in refrigeration station building Effective utilization rate of air conditioning unit Effective utilization rate of cooling water pump Energy transmission capacity 2000 Equipment load rate 3000 Energy efficiency ratio of water chillers 2000. The transmission coefficient of chilled water system matches that of cooling water system 2000, and the energy consumption per unit building area matches that of air conditioning area 1000. Note: 1. The price of monitoring software in this quotation is only the company's products, and the price of third-party products shall be discussed separately; 2. This quotation is tax-inclusive, excluding the installation cost of communication cable. Conclusion With the increasing shortage of energy, energy saving and consumption reduction has become an inevitable choice for the intelligent construction of large public buildings. This paper introduces Acrel-5000 energy consumption monitoring system, which can not only monitor the operation of power supply and distribution system, but also monitor the use of energy such as water and gas, and draw various reports, analysis curves, charts and so on according to the collected energy consumption data, which is convenient for analysis and research and provides reference for energy-saving technology of intelligent buildings. The system runs safely and reliably, and has the functions of event recording and fault alarm, which greatly facilitates the use of users. With the development of society and the increasing shortage of energy, it is an inevitable trend to realize remote monitoring and management of classified energy consumption and sub-energy consumption.