Imported capsule endoscope
The full name is "intelligent capsule endoscope system", also known as "medical wireless endoscope". Capsule endoscopy has the advantages of convenient inspection, non-invasive, no wires, no pain, no cross-infection, and does not affect the patient's normal work. It expands the field of view of the gastrointestinal tract examination and overcomes the tolerance of traditional insertion endoscopy. It has shortcomings such as poor sex and not suitable for the elderly, frail and critically ill. It can be used as the first choice method for diagnosing digestive tract diseases, especially small intestinal diseases. Check for lesions in the gallbladder, liver, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys. It mainly examines eight major parts, including the liver, intrahepatic bile duct, common bile duct, gallbladder, kidney, hepatic portal vein, pancreas, spleen and others. Detect fatty liver, cirrhosis, liver gallstones, unexplained abdominal pain and other diseases.
Prostate B-ultrasound (vision, color discrimination, external eye, intraocular pressure, fundus, slit lamp examination, etc.)
The eyes are an important tool for transmitting external conditions to the brain. To know whether it is normal, you must conduct a vision test; use fundus photography to check whether there are any lesions in the fundus and blood vessels; such as: fundus lesions caused by diabetes, glaucoma, cataracts, optic neuritis, optic atrophy, etc. Routine gynecological screening
Check the size, color, and shape of the outer opening of the cervix; whether there are erosions, polyps, tumors, and inflammation; and the amount, nature, color, and odor of the secretions. And also feel the elasticity and smoothness of the vagina, whether there is tenderness; and feel the uterus and appendages to see whether there are tenderness, lumps, etc.
Cervical scraping
The most important thing is to see through the cervix Smear screening for cervical cancer. The incidence of cervical cancer is very high, but the mortality rate is not that high, mainly due to the effectiveness of early detection and early treatment. Since cervical smear examination is an effective method to screen for cervical cancer, women who have sexual intercourse should have it checked once a year
Breast infrared scan
Mammography examination is based on X-ray instruments see through the breasts under pressure. This X-ray examination can detect many breast lesions that cannot be touched by hand. The probability of discovering early breast cancer is quite high. The white blood cell count (WBC) is mainly used for defense. If the white blood cells increase or decrease, it needs to be combined with the white blood cell classification to initially diagnose bacterial infection or viral infection or leukemia (commonly known as blood cancer)
Lymphocyte (LYN) The value of white blood cell classification is helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases
Granulocyte (GRAN)
Red blood cell count (RBC) Anemia or blood loss will affect the number of red blood cells.
High values ??may indicate polycythemia or thalassemia;
low values ??may indicate anemia
Hemoglobin (HGB) is mainly used to check whether anemia is present.
Hematocrit (HCT) refers to the percentage of the volume of red blood cells in the blood, which can more accurately understand the degree of anemia
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red blood cell index, is Reference indicators for identifying various anemias
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (MCH)
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
Red blood cell volume distribution width (RDW) When When there is a large difference in the size of red blood cells, RDW will increase, which can be used as a reference for diagnosing anemia
High platelet count (PLT) may be associated with polycythemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, myelofibrosis, spleen Related to resection, chronic infection or recovery period from acute infection. When the platelet value is too low, there may be bleeding tendency and aplastic anemia with poor coagulation condition
Mean platelet volume (MPV)
Platelet distribution width (PDW)
Platelet count (PCT)
The value of monocyte (MON) white blood cell classification is helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases
Lymphocyte relative percentage (LRR%)< /p>
Relative percentage of granulocytes (RPR%)
Relative percentage of monocytes (MPR%) Urine specific gravity (SG) The normal value for adults with any urine is 1.010 to 1.030. Low specific gravity urine: seen in people with diabetes insipidus, polycystic kidney disease, or those who use diuretics and drink too much water. High specific gravity urine: seen in diabetes, congestive heart failure, dehydration, and vomiting
Urine pH (PH) Normally, fresh urine is weakly acidic, with an acidity of around 5 to 8.
If the pH is greater than 8, it means that the urine is alkaline, and there may be urinary tract infection, inflammation, or poor kidney function. If the pH is less than 5, it means that the urine is acidic, and it may be in a state of starvation or ketoacidosis
Leukocyte (LEU) test strips test whether there are white blood cells in the urine. If the white blood cells in urine increase, it indicates inflammation of the urinary tract, which can be interpreted in conjunction with urinary protein and nitrite. However, women often test positive for vaginal secretion contamination, so they should clean the perineum before collecting urine
Nitrite (NIT) determines whether there is bacterial infection in the urinary system; if there is nitrite reaction, further microscopic examination is needed to understand what kind of bacterial infection it is
Urine protein (PRO) Under normal circumstances, there is a trace amount of protein in the urine (150mg/day), and the test paper test is negative (- ); if positive (+), it may be: physiological proteinuria: excessive muscle exercise, cold water bath for too long, eating too much protein. Orthostatic proteinuria: Some people develop proteinuria after standing for too long. Pathological proteinuria: kidney inflammation, nephrotic syndrome, high fever, pregnancy toxemia, etc.
Glucose in the urine (GLU) Under normal circumstances, there is no sugar in the urine, which is negative (-), or there is a trace amount of sugar. appears. When urine sugar is positive (+), you should consider whether you have diabetes, and you must continue to follow up.
Urine ketone bodies (KET) Ketone bodies are formed due to incomplete fat metabolism in the body. Normal urine without ketone bodies is negative. (-), if there are ketones in the urine, it is positive (+), which is often seen in patients with diabetes, but also seen in patients with hunger, fever, long-term diarrhea, vomiting, etc. Dieters who restrict starchy foods may also have ketone bodies in their urine
Urobilinogen (UBG) If the urobilinogen in the urine is too high, it may indicate hemolytic jaundice, acute hepatitis, or cirrhosis. and other diseases. If there is no urobilinogen in the urine, it indicates that there may be biliary obstruction
Bilirubin (U-BiL) There is no bilirubin in normal urine, so it is negative (-). When there is bilirubin in the urine, it is positive (+), indicating that there may be bile duct obstruction or liver disease.
Urine red blood cells (ERY) determines whether there is blood in the urine. If there is no blood in the urine, it is negative (-); if there is blood in the urine, it is positive (+), which may be urinary tract stones, kidney inflammation, or urinary system cancer. However, if the urine sample is left for too long, women in menstrual period, etc. may cause false positives; when eating a large amount of vitamin C, it may cause false negatives. Aminotransferase (ALT) The value of sGPT in the serum represents the degree of liver cell damage. In patients with acute hepatitis, the value may be as high as 500 to 1000 IU/L or more. In addition, chronic hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis, liver cancer, etc. can also cause high values
Glutinate aminotransferase (GOT) is an enzyme in the body that exists in the liver, heart, and also in the brain or blood cells. organs or cells. High sGOT means that lesions may occur in these parts
Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is an enzyme found in the liver, pancreas, spleen and kidneys, and is most commonly used to screen for liver dysfunction. and liver cirrhosis, especially alcoholic liver disorders and drug-induced liver disorders
Total protein (TPO) is used to check nutritional status, liver function, kidney function, and infectious diseases
Albumin (ALB) Albumin is used to maintain the osmotic pressure of plasma and is produced in the liver. Therefore, when liver disease, diarrhea, malnutrition, etc. occur, albumin will be significantly reduced
Globulin (GLO) in Increases and decreases may occur in infections, liver disease, kidney disease, autoimmune diseases and cancer, and should be interpreted by a doctor in conjunction with other examination results
Albumin/globulin (A/G)
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme in the body. When cells are injured, the ALP value increases. For children or teenagers during the development period, although the value can be as high as 2 to 3 times, it is still normal. High values ??may indicate liver and gallbladder problems, bone cancer or bone metastasis.
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) High values ??may indicate myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, liver damage, muscle dysplasia, and leukemia. , anemia or cancer, it usually needs to be judged together with other examination items. Exceeding 10% of the normal value is the limit of normal value, so when it exceeds 50 units, it should be judged what kind of disease is caused
Total bilirubin (TBS) may have liver and gallbladder problems or hemolysis when the value is high. disease.
If the skin turns yellow, it is called jaundice
Direct bilirubin may cause liver and gallbladder problems when the value is high. Total cholesterol is the most representative fat in the body. When the serum cholesterol content is too high, it can easily cause high blood pressure, arteriosclerosis and stroke; when the content is too low, anemia, liver disorders and malnutrition may occur
Triglycerides Triglycerides are mostly formed from Ferments and carbohydrates (rice, bread and other cereals), if the neutral fat value is high, you are prone to diabetes, arteriosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and obesity
High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL- Cholesterol) This is commonly known as "good" cholesterol, which has a protective effect on blood vessels. The blood content should not be less than 40mg/dl (0.91mmol/L), otherwise you will easily suffer from vascular sclerosis
Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-Cholesterol) This is the "bad" cholesterol, the higher the better not good. It is an important indicator for preventing coronary heart disease and treating hyperlipidemia. BUN is the final product of renal filtration and metabolism. When renal dysfunction occurs, the product cannot be excreted properly. At this time, the urea nitrogen value in the serum increases. However, this value is easily affected by the dose of the drug and must be diagnosed together with other examination values
Creatinine CR Creatinine is the main energy source for muscle movement and is a substance decomposed by creatine. As long as the kidney function is normal, creatinine will Excreted out of the body via urine. The excretion function of the kidneys can be known by measuring creatinine
Uric acid Ua is a metabolite of purine in the body, and the viscera of animals has the highest purine content. Excessive drinking, diabetes, gout, nephritis, lead poisoning, hyperparathyroidism, etc. will cause high uric acid. Fasting blood sugar refers to the glucose content in the blood when fasting. It is the most basic method to screen for diabetes. When the fasting blood sugar is found to be greater than 110mg/dl (6.1mmol/L) during the physical examination, in order to determine whether there is diabetes, it is recommended to measure the fasting blood sugar again on another day to confirm the diagnosis
Helicobacter pylori< /p>
H. pylori Ab Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that grows in the gastric mucosa. The medical community has confirmed that this bacterium is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, some gastric cancers and some gastric lymphocytes. tumors are closely related.
General health examinations will check for "Helicobacter pylori antibodies". It only requires a blood draw, which is more convenient. If the antibody is positive, it has three meanings:
1. There is infection by the bacteria in the body and it causes disease.
2. There is infection by this bacteria in the body but it does not cause disease.
3. The bacterium has been eradicated, but the antibodies have not disappeared.
Therefore, those with positive antibodies should go to the hospital for further examination, and a gastroenterologist will determine whether eradication therapy (the use of antibiotics) is necessary.
The more popular physical examination reagents on the market all use gold-labeled rapid detection reagents. The results can be produced within a few minutes, which greatly reduces the trouble for those undergoing physical examination and at the same time speeds up the efficiency of the medical examination hospital. Calcium (Ca) When blood calcium is elevated, it is mainly seen in malignant tumors, hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D poisoning. When it is reduced, it is mainly seen in osteomalacia, rickets, vitamin D deficiency and hypoparathyroidism. It should be read simultaneously with phosphorus (P).
Phosphorus (P) Phosphorus (P) Blood phosphorus should be read together with calcium. When calcium increases, if phosphorus also increases, malignant tumors should be considered; if phosphorus decreases, hyperparathyroidism or vitamin D excess may be present. When calcium decreases, if phosphorus also decreases, it may be osteomalacia, rickets, or vitamin D deficiency; if phosphorus is elevated, it may be hypoparathyroidism or chronic renal insufficiency. Triiodothyronine (T3) T3 increases in hyperthyroidism and decreases in hypothyroidism. Screen for tissue inflammation and thyroxine (T4). T4 is a thyroid hormone. Analyzing its blood content can reveal thyroid function. It is best to combine it with TSH. Read together. An elevated T4 indicates hyperthyroidism, and a low T4 indicates hypothyroidism.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is a hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the subbrain gland that stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine. Checking TSH can screen thyroid function and usually must be read together with thyroxine (T4). Generally speaking, when the thyroid is hyperactive, TSH decreases; when it is hypothyroid, TSH increases.
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) can be used to understand whether you are infected with hepatitis B virus, whether you have produced antibodies to the hepatitis virus, whether you should be vaccinated, and the effect of the vaccine.
Hepatitis B surface antibody (HbsAb)
< p>Hepatitis B e antigen (HbeAg)Hepatitis B e antibody (HbeAb)
Hepatitis B core antibody (HbcAb) Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) CEA is a tumor marker, usually in the large intestine When it comes to cancer, rectal cancer and pancreatic tumors, the test value is the highest. While for other cancers, the value may be higher, but the proportion is smaller. Test results must be consistent with clinical symptoms and other references.
A-FA/AFP (a-FA/AFP) is the most commonly used method to screen for liver cancer in blood tests (it is best to cooperate with abdominal ultrasound when screening for liver cancer). If the value is too high, it may be liver cancer or chronic hepatitis. However, the value will also be higher in cases of proliferative diseases such as gastric cancer, teratoma, testicular cancer, and ovarian cancer, pregnancy, or acute hepatitis, so the judgment must be based on clinical symptoms
Prostate tumor marker (PSA) PSA is "prostate specific antigen", a tumor marker that can be used to screen for prostate cancer. Suitable for men over 50 years old.
Breast tumor marker (CA 15-3) CA 15-3 is an auxiliary examination for breast cancer. If the CA 15-3 examination is normal, breast self-examination must not be neglected. The most important thing to prevent and treat breast cancer is self-examination. If you have any suspicion, you should seek medical treatment immediately and undergo mammography. Since the CA 15-3 test has a maximum positive rate of only about 50%, it should be carefully interpreted by professionals when used for screening and should not be interpreted by yourself.
Pancreatic tumor marker (CA 19-9) CA19-9 is a glycoprotein contained in cancer cells. It is mainly related to cancers of the digestive tract, with pancreatic cancer and gallbladder cancer having a higher positive rate. . The positive rates of CA19-9 in various cancers are as follows: 84% for pancreatic cancer, 69% for gallbladder and cholangiocarcinoma, 39% for colorectal cancer, and 35% for ovarian cancer. Some benign diseases may also cause elevated CA19-9: chronic pancreatitis 14%, cholelithiasis 11%, liver cirrhosis 17%, diabetes 10%, and renal insufficiency 9%.
Ovarian tumor marker (CA 125) CA 125 is a glycoprotein contained in cancer cells. It has a high positive rate (97.1%) in diagnosing ovarian cancer, so it is generally regarded as a marker of ovarian cancer. mark. In addition, CA 125 will also show high values ??in endometriosis, with a positive rate of 78.8%. The positive rate of CA 125 in various tumors is as follows: cervical cancer 20.9%, pancreatic cancer 48.6%, biliary tract cancer 38.1%, liver cancer 42.9%, endometrial cancer 37.5%, gastric cancer 23.5%, colorectal cancer 10.6%, lung cancer 6.6%, benign ovarian tumors 23.1%
Tumor-specific growth factor >71U/L is positive. Those who are positive in the initial test should be re-examined every five weeks and checked three times in a row. If the concentration gradually increases, they should be re-examined. Consider the chance of malignancy to be high. TSGF can be used for general screening of various malignant tumors, auxiliary diagnosis and efficacy observation, as well as differential diagnosis and condition monitoring of benign and malignant tumors.
NMR MRI is used in magnetic resonance imaging systems for medical diagnostic equipment, mainly including magnets, gradient systems, radio frequency systems (including MRI spectrometers), computer systems, Patient system etc. Magnet is to add an external magnetic field to the atomic nucleus, so that the atomic nuclei in human tissues produce corresponding vibration frequencies; the radio frequency system provides radio frequency pulses with a frequency consistent with the precession frequency, causing the nuclei to undergo nuclear magnetic resonance; gradient systems, The computer system then completes imaging, processing, etc. Magnetic resonance imaging can observe the concentration or state of an atomic nucleus in any cross-section inside the human body. Through accumulated knowledge and experience, the structure and physiological state of the imaged tissue can be interpreted to understand whether the tissue is normal? Are there any lesions?
The above items refer to the physical examination items of Xi'an Puhui Health Examination Center. All rights reserved. For reference only. For more details, search "Puhui Physical Examination" on Baidu. As people get older, their bodies often develop problems. Once the best opportunity for treatment is missed, it will have irreversible consequences. Therefore, the elderly and their families should increase their awareness of disease prevention and have regular physical examinations.
Generally, after the age of 50, you should have a physical examination every six months. So what items should you pay attention to during a physical examination for the elderly? The following items are essential. Blood pressure: Understand the level of blood pressure. Blood, urine, and stool routine: Check for anemia, infection, and inflammation of the urinary system and digestive system. Electrocardiogram: Understand the blood supply to the myocardium, whether there is arrhythmia, etc. Abdominal color ultrasound: It can detect the presence of liver and gallbladder tumors or gallbladder stones in advance. Chest X-ray: It can screen for inflammation, emphysema, tuberculosis, etc. Smokers should check regularly. Blood sugar and blood lipids: It can detect diabetes, dyslipidemia, etc. early, and reflects the degree of arteriosclerosis. Elderly people who are obese or suffer from hypertension or arteriosclerosis should pay special attention. Fundus examination: can detect senile cataracts, primary glaucoma and other diseases early. , Bone density: It can determine the condition of osteoporosis. Generally, men over 50 years old and women over 45 years old should have this test. Pay attention to health check-ups and enjoy a better life. Elderly people should pay more attention to health check-ups in their later years.