Sima Guang has written many works, including Wen Guowen Zheng Sima Gong Wenji, Jigu Lu, Blossom Blossom, and Qianxu, etc. He has also written a number of books, such as "Wen Guowen Zheng Sima Gong Wenji," "Jigu Lu," "Blossom Blossom," and "Qianxu.
Character Evaluation
Shi Ma Guang was filial to his parents, fraternal to his brothers, loyal to the king, trustworthy, respectful, thrifty, upright, gentle and modest, just and upright, an outstanding thinker and educator. In history, Sima Guang had been worshipped as one of the three saints of Confucianism (the other two being Confucius and Mencius). Everything he did was in accordance with the law, and every word and action was in line with etiquette. When he was in Luoyang, every time he went to Xia County to visit his grave, he must pass by the house of his elder brother, Sima Dan. Sima Dan is nearly eighty years old, Sima Guang still serves him like a strict father, and protects him like a baby. From childhood to old age, he never spoke a casual word, he said himself, "I have nothing above others, just what I did in my life, never unspeakable." His sincerity was from nature, and all the people of the world honored him and believed in him, and the people of Shaanxi and Luoyang took him as an example and compared themselves with him, learning from his good character. If people did bad things, they said, "Is it possible that Sima Junshi does not know it?"
Si Ma Guang was very indifferent to wealth and material enjoyment, and had no hobbies, but there was nothing he was not proficient in learning. He only disliked Buddhism and Taoism, saying, "The Buddhist and Taoist micro-phrases can not exceed my book, the absurdity of which I do not believe." He had three hectares of land in Luoyang, and when his wife died, he sold the land to pay for her funeral. He lived all his life in coarse food and ordinary clothes until he died.
But Sima Guang's political career was not outstanding, he is considered a typical representative of the conservative thinking of the ancient Chinese scholars, although he believed that "Wang Anshi and other new laws, the fruit can be better than the old one to survive," but in fact, because of dissatisfaction with Wang Anshi and not choose the merits of all the new law, and the Shenzong dynasty, the military and soldiers with their lives to take the land, returned to the Western Xia for free. The land taken by the soldiers and soldiers during the reign of Emperor Shenzong was returned to the Western Xia without compensation. In the future, when the old and new parties were fighting, it was just a matter of passion and power, no longer focusing on the functioning of the state.
The Song dynasty was defeated in many wars, and the country had reached an urgent situation, Sima Guang still insisted on patriarchal law and ethical principles of governance, etc., but could not come up with any effective policy direction except to strike down the new law. Zhu Xi on Sima Guang is praised, but said "Yuanyou sages is closed door to say reasoning bottom", "Wen Gong said, before and after since the non-corresponding, by him (Dalton) one by one to catch the disease, knocked out".
Historical evaluation
"History of Song": Xining new law, the people, the sea commotion, loyal honesty, discouragement not; the right people end Shi, rejected not used. Gathering of ministers, the people were abused will be twenty years. Fang was the time, light retired in Luo, if the life. And the world's wise men and gentlemen, as well as mediocre and foolish women, day and night to lead the hope that it for the phase, or call the road, wishing that it does not go to the court, is not to the area of the material and wisdom can get this to everyone? It is not a good idea to be a good friend to the people who are in charge of your business.
Evaluations
Zhao Xu: ① Sima Guang square straight. ② not on the other, that is, the resignation of the Privy Council section, since I came to the throne, the only one to see this person.
Lu Gongzhuo: Confucius on the holy, Zilu is still called pedantic. Meng Ke is a great sage, people also said that the pedantry. The first thing I want to say is that I'm not going to be able to get away with this. The most important thing is that if you think about things far and wide, then you are close to being a pedant.
Wen Yanbo: ①Jun real work, today's people can not be reached, we must seek the ancients. ② Yanbo stayed in Beijing, sent into the Liao detection, back to the cloud: "see the Liao Lord feast courtiers, actors play, as the clothes of the people who see things will seize the pocket, there are from the back of the whip from the back of the pouncer. Said: Sima Duanming evil!" Jun real clear name, in the barbarians so.
CHENG Yi: read more! Not mixed, Sima, Shao (Shao Yong), Zhang (Zhang Zai) three ears.
Shao Yong: ① Jun real feet on the ground. ② Jun real nine points of people.
Su Shi: public loyalty, filial piety and friends, thrifty and upright, out of nature. Since young and old, the language has not tasted delusional, its good learning as hungry for food, in the wealth and wealth of China, such as the evil smell, sincere and natural, the world believe. Retirement in Luo, to and from the suburbs of Shaanxi, Shaanxi and Luo are all its virtue, the division of its learning, the law of its frugality, there is not good, said: "Jun really get the level of ignorance!" Knowledge of everything, music, calendar, astronomy, books and numbers, all extremely wonderful. Late especially good manners, for the crown marriage funeral sacrifice law, suitable for ancient and modern appropriate. Do not like to explain, the old, ------ its text such as gold, jade, grain, silk, medicine and stone, there will be suitable for the use of unhelpful text, have not tasted a word and the.
Anmin: Min fools, I do not know the intention of the monument. However, such as Sima Xianggong, the sea called it upright, now called treacherous, the people do not bear to carve also.
Shao Bowen: cover the emperor to know the key to governance: appointment of the Zaizi, with the Taiwan admonition, fear of heaven and love of the people, to keep the ancestral law. At that time, said Fu Bi, Han Qi, Wen Yanbo, Taiwan, said Tang Kai, Bao Zheng, Sima Guang, Fan Zhen, Lv teach cloud. The first thing I want to say is that the Song Dynasty was the first of its kind in the world, and the second thing I want to say is that the Song Dynasty was the first of its kind in the world.
Zhao Kui: Duke Sima Wen did not approach non-colorful people, and did not take non-profit; although I am not a good person, I admire him.
Ye Bu: The qualification of employing people was no better than that of Li Hang, Wang Dan, Wang Zeng, Lu Yijian, Fu Bi, Han Qi, Sima Guang, and Lu Gongzhuo. However, when they examined their efficacy and tested their talents, the dynasty decided to take qualification as the benefit of employing people.
Zhang Shi: Sima Wen Gong to change the new law, or advised to prevent future problems, the public said: "days if the throne Song, there will be no such thing!" More regardless of one's own interests. Although the saints, but so said. Close to the "final reasoning" carry on.
Zhu Xi: ① public loyalty, filial piety, friendship, respect, thrift and integrity out of nature, its good learning as hungry and thirsty for food, in the wealth and wealth of China, such as the stench; sincerity and nature, the world believe. Retirement in Luo, between Shaanxi and Luo, all of its virtue, teacher of its learning, the law of its thrift. There are not good said: Jun really have no knowledge of it! Knowledgeable. ② Wen Gong can be said to be wisdom, benevolence and courage. He that the governance of the world, is very secondary! Its size is a little larger, but also learned. His people are strict and correct.
Wang said: the gentleman of the world, but the hearts, can not be strong to get it, Cham Ran no desire, and push to the sincerity of the world to benevolence is carried out, the light to the loyal service Renzong, and the big plan to set the righteousness of the British Zong, and the big Lun to the right to the Road to the God of the Zong, and the big name to set up to the moral service of the Philosopher's Zong, and the big tool to the security of the party's retirement in the Luo is also, and the world if the world to forget it, and with, then the zephyr is the whole world, which is no other sincerity, but. Sincerity to the extent that can make moving heaven and earth, feeling ghosts and gods, not to mention the people? Therefore, its life is also, China's four barbarians look to its use, and its death is also, strike the city lane crying thinking of its virtue, its ability to touch people's hearts is also so, is not due to human beings, since ancient times have not been there.
Lvzhong: ① the noble minister, not to have over the world's material and wisdom, will have to serve the world of virtue and hope. Wang Anshi is the one who changed the old law to make it easier for him to implement it in name only, which is enough to win people's trust. Sima Guang so easy to change the new law, to its residence in Luo fifteen years, the world are expected to be prime minister. But Anshi was a powerful minister, and Wen was the most important minister. (2) When Heaven is going to give a kingdom to a person, it will first bless his ruler. When Heaven was going to make Yuanfeng become Yuanyou, Sima Guang was given the post of prime minister at the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty. If Heaven would make the reign of Emperor Yuanyou to be the reign of Emperor Shao-Sheng, then it would not let Sima Guang be left behind in a few years. When it was, the new law has more changes clip, but the gentleman did not use all, the villain did not go all. Princely today, and the party has been sign in tomorrow. Make light is still there, then the gentleman is still established, there must be no scourge of cronyism, there must be no retaliation. The first thing I'd like to do is to ask you to do something about it, and then I'd like to ask you to do something about it.
Wang Yinglin: Ouyang son (Ouyang Xiu) of the theory is true, and "not to the sky to participate in the people," said, or to discuss its loss. Sima Gong's learning is pure, and the "king and hegemony is not different from the road" said, or pointed out its defects. The first thing I'd like to say is that I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to do that!
Niqian: the public in the Song Dynasty is sounding strong gas, the world **** know.
Sun Chengen: Xining admonition, honest and deep. Yuanyou phase industry, rotating Qiankun. The line into no false, learning a few unmixed. The first time I saw this, I was able to get a good deal on it.
Li Tingji: Sima Guang into the prime minister, the new law all rest.
Zhang Suoi: ①Shi Ma Wen Gong as a minister, every asked the scholar "private plan enough? People strange and asked, the public said: "If the food and clothing is not enough, An willingness to go for the court and light on it," Yuan Shikong cloud: "Learning to the thoroughness of the place, their words are close to the feelings, not to adhere to the reasoning of the law." If the public, the common people can say this carry on. ② Wen Gong "Zizhi Tongjian" draft although hundreds of volumes, upside down and smear, and finished without a word for grass, the degree of its line of work is so.
Xie Zhaochou: the characters of Song, if Wang Yigong (Wang Zeng), Li Wenzheng (Li Fang), Sima Wen Gong's phase industry, Kou Lai Gong (Kou Zhun), Zhao Zhongding (Zhao Ruyu) of the strain, Han Wei Gong (Han Qi) of the amount of virtue, Li Gang, Zongze's chaos, Di Qing, Cao Wei, Yue Fei, Han Shizhong's generalship, Cheng Mingdao (Cheng Hao), Zhu Hian (Zhu Xi) of the true Confucianism, Ouyang Yongshu (Ouyang Xiu), Su Zizhan (Su Shi) of the article, Hong Zhongzhun (Su Shi) of the articles, the Chinese government, the Chinese Government and the Chinese Communist Party, the Chinese Communist Party. (Su Shi) of the article, Hong Zhongxuan (Hong Hao), Wenxin Guo (Wen Tianxiang) of loyalty, are burned without comment, and there are used for the time, the other flaws are not covered up, the cover is difficult to say it.
Lin Shi to: the country of the appointment of the phase, as if the room of the appointment of the building; with the use of its material, rarely not subvert. Although the cloud building is about to fall, not a wood can support; but turn the dead for the survival of the figure of danger in peace, there is no lack of good offices to remedy the art. If the danger is not held, upside down and not help, then how to use his phase carry on. In ancient times, I have sought to set up, or take the dream divination, or from the slaughter of fishing, salty light can be restored to the Qiyu, the sacrifice of summer with the sky. Whether Han, Tang, Song full bloom, Xiao (Xiao He), Cao (Cao Sen), C (B Ji), Wei (Wei Zeng), Fang (Fang Xuan Ling), Du (Du Ruhi), Yao (Yao Chong), Song (Song Jing), Scott Han (Han Qi), Fu (Fu Bi), Fan (Fan Zhongyan), Ou (Ouyang Xiu), Sima Zhu Gong, played the counter-insurgency to eliminate the strategy of tranquility. ...... country to a person Xing, is not it true!
Wang Fuzhi: ① since the beginning of the Yuan, Hebei human resources such as Li Taichu (Li Hang), Liu Zhizhi (Liu Anshi), Sima Junshi, cover one of the morning stars. ② Bi Zhongyou told Wen Gong said: "the world's plan, deep understanding of the number of entry and exit, to the road by the accumulation of money and corn, a return to the local officials, so that the Son of God knows the world's surplus in the wealth, and abuse of the people's government can be obtained and remission." Great words! Through the body of ancient and modern governance is carried out. Wen Gong for the shrug and can not be from. Can not be from the person, for the general disease of politics, Wen Gong is not immune to it. There are three diseases: one said that the name and waste real, two said that the prevention of ills and start fools, three said that the art of sparse and not caught. (3) Ma, Lv two male is not no worry about the sincerity of the country, and just great gas, a leak and no more. They were solemn and self-satisfied in the midst of the miasma of the barbarians and the rain. They do not know that there is a man who is not yet determined, that there is a woman who is not to be relied upon, that there is no law and order in the court, that there are no grievances in the country, that there are no enemies who do not look on them, and that they are entrusted to a realm where their dreams do not come true. The group rises to worship the two dukes as the patriarch, and advances in the day to change the map of the said. The two princes and dazzled ears, thinking that the only strike this policy, deposed this party, call back this person, resume this law, the gods of the earth and the people consolidate the boundless art does not go beyond this. Woo-hoo! Is not enough to reward the son of the heart brawn of the trust, to the emperor, the quality of ancestors, comfort the four seas of the loneliness, the Northwest of the cunning, and allow the minister of the duties of the person?
Ai Xinjueluo - Xuan Ye: Sima Guang dynasty line has been, Zhengda peace, no few micro can be discussed. Not only the crown of the Song courtiers, seek the generations can not be found.
Li Guangdi: ①Wuhou (Zhu Geliang), such as Guo Ling Gong (Guo Ziyi), Fan Wenzheng Gong (Fan Zhongyan), Sima Wen Gong, all really have the intention of Mencius. ② Wuhou has the means, the extravagant people to Sima Wen Gong compared. Wen Gong is a good man, talent can not be compared to the Wuhou?
Cai Shiyuan: the talent of the king, learning for the emperor, Zhuge Wuhou, Lu Xuangong, Fan Wenzheng, Sima Wenzheng also.
Gu Donggao: Only the public loyalty and uprightness, rooted in nature, learning to, honesty and gold. From the young to the old, calm and prudent, due to the change of events, moving without excess. Therefore, his writing is not high and strange, porridge like beans and millet can cure hunger, ginseng can be sick.
The generations of heroes song: ① Sima force to attack the new law, Zhong Yan dare to say upright. ② Song Dynasty called six gentlemen, Lianxi Mingdao Yichuan. Kangjie Hengqu is the same, Wen Gongjun real.
Shi Yunyu: familiar with the name of the public, Chinese foreign. The first thing I want to do is to get the best of what I have to offer, and I want to do it in a way that will make me feel better.
Lu Yi (陆以湉)：Qian Wu Su Wang used the police pillow, Sima Wen Gong also used the police pillow, the King of the Xing, Xianxiang diligence is the same.
Cai Dongfan: ①In the end, Anbang relied on the old, just after lending a hand that is calm. How the sky does not extend the life of the public? Sitting so that good material once dumped. ② this time to recount the high after the curtain, and Wen Gong into the phase, only a change of system, that is to see the dynasty clear, the people praised. ...... But Sima Guang for a generation of people, Judas lost to Cai Jing, the villain to offer flattery, the curve of its trick. After the syncope force to denigrate Sima Guang, that is, Jing for the first, and Xifeng evil party, not heard put to death, so that the ashes resurfaced. People say that high after the public and Wen, cynicism is too strict, I say it is still lost wide. After the public and the old, for the good after the plan, rather still can be tolerated for?
Anecdotes
Family Influence
Sima Guang life integrity, should also be affected by his father's honesty education, probably at the age of five or six years old, once, he had to give walnuts to the skin, he would not do, his sister wanted to help him, but also can not be removed, the sister went ahead and left, and then a servant girl with a hot broth for him to smoothly will be the kernel of the walnuts to the skin, and so on the sister came back, and then asked: When his sister returned, she asked, "Who did this for you?" He lied to his sister that he had done it himself, and his father reprimanded him, "How dare you lie?" From then on, Sima Guang did not dare to lie, and when he was older, he wrote this incident on paper to encourage himself, and until his death, he did not tell any lies. Shao Yong's son Shao Bo Wen also read this paper. Qing Chen Hongmou said, "Sima Guang's life to the sincerity of the main, not to deceive for this." The word "sincerity" was also used by the later generations to summarize Sima Guang's life.
Breaking the urn to save his friends
On one occasion, Sima Guang was playing with his friends in the backyard. There was a big water tank in the yard, a child climbed to the edge of the tank to play, accidentally, fell into the tank. The tank was so big and deep that the child was about to lose his head. The other children saw what happened, so scared that they cried and shouted, and ran outside to the adults for help. Sima Guang but in a hurry, pick up a large stone from the ground, and vigorously to the water tank, "bang" sound, the tank broke, the tank of water out of the water, was drowned in the water of the child was also saved. Little Sima Guang calm, smart and clever, from childhood is a small adult appearance. This accidental incident made the little Sima Guang famous, and some people in Tokyo and Luoyang drew pictures of this incident, which was widely spread by people.
Selling a Horse in Good Faith
Sima Guang wanted to sell a horse that was pure and beautiful in color, tall and powerful, and gentle, but unfortunately had a lung disease in the summer. Sima Guang said to the steward, "This horse has lung disease in summer, this must be told to the buyer." The steward laughed and said, "How can anyone be like you? How can we sell horses and tell the buyer what they can't see!" Sima Guang did not agree with the steward's view, and said to him, "The amount of money for a horse is a small matter, but not telling the truth to people is a big matter, and it spoils the reputation of being a human being. We must be honest as human beings; if we lose our honesty, the loss will be greater." The steward was ashamed to hear this.
Low-key and indifferent
Sima Guang was indifferent and did not like luxury, and he mentioned in "Discipline and Thrift Showing Kang" that when he was a child, his elders would give him flashy clothes, and he would always blush with shyness and take them off. When he was successful in the imperial examination during the Bowen years, he was received by Emperor Renzong. At the banquet, each person put flowers on his head and played around recklessly for fun, but only Sima Guang sat upright and did not wear flowers. After being reminded by his peers, Sima Guang reluctantly wore a small flower.
Sima Guang had an old servant who always called him "Junshi Xucai". Once, Su Shi came to Sima Guang residence, heard the servant's name, could not help but laugh, teasing: "your master is not a showman, has been the prime minister also, everyone is called 'Junshi Xianggong'!" The old servant was shocked, and later saw Sima Guang, are respectfully called "Junshi Xianggong", and happy to say: "Fortunately, the big Su bachelor taught me ......" Sima Guang fell foot long sigh: "This old servant of my family, living by Zizhan taught bad."
Firmly do not take concubines
Beijing Song scholarly life is rich, there are concubines and prostitutes of the fashion. Sima Guang is and Wang Anshi, Yue Fei, the same, extremely rare do not take a concubine, not store prostitutes of people. More than thirty years after marriage, his wife, Mrs. Zhang did not have children, Sima Guang did not take to heart, and did not want to take a concubine to have children. Mrs. Zhang but anxious half dead, once, she bought a beautiful woman behind the back of Sima Guang, quietly placed in the bedroom, and then go out on their own excuses. Sima Guang saw, ignored, to the study to read. Beauty also followed to the study, some scratching their heads, and then took out a book, casually turned the page, daintily asked: "May I ask, sir, what is the book of the middle minister ah?" Sima Guang was one zhang away from her, and with his face up, he replied with his hands in the air, "Zhong Chancellor is Shangshu, which is an official position, not a book!" The beautiful woman was very bored and left in great disappointment.
On another occasion, Sima Guang went to his father-in-law's home to enjoy the flowers. Mrs. Zhang and her mother-in-law conspired and secretly arranged another beautiful maid. Sima Guang was nonchalant and said angrily to the maid, "Go away! Madam is not here, why do you come to see me!" The next day, the husband's family guests know about this matter, very admiring, said it is just like "Sima Xiangru and Zhuo Wenjun" a replica of the white head and old age. Only one person laughed and said, "It's a pity that Sima Guang can't play the zither, but only kicks the turtle!" Mrs. Zhang never had a child, so Sima Guang adopted his brother's son, Sima Kang, as his foster son.
Sima Guang's wife and Sima Guang were then dependent on each other for their lives. When Mrs. Zhang wanted to go out to see the lanterns during the Lantern Festival, Sima Guang said, "Why go out to see the lanterns when they are also lit at home?" Mrs. Zhang said, "Not only to see the lanterns, but also casually look at the tourists." Sima Guang laughed and said, "Looking at people? Strange, am I a ghost!"
The burial of his wife
Sima Guang's residence in Luoyang was very simple, so he created a basement and read books in it. At that time, the minister Wang Gongchen also lived in Luoyang, the house is very luxurious, the center of the three-storey house, the top layer called Chaotian Pavilion, the people of Luoyang jokingly said: "Wang's family drilling day, Sima into the ground." Sima Guang's wife passed away, poor Sima Guang had nothing to bury, could not get the money for his wife's funeral, so he had to pawn his only three hectares of land, put a coffin and take care of the funeral, and did his husband's duty. Sima Guang had been an official for nearly 40 years, and he was a powerful official, but he even pawned his land to bury his wife. I'd like to read the history again, so I'll think about it.
As the saying goes: three years of Qing Zhifu, 100,000 snowflake silver. In feudal society, most people study hard, among the career, all is to show off the family, honor and wealth, the next generation, shade and grandchildren. In front of these people, Sima Guang's cleanliness is even more valuable. Jiahu eight years in March, Song Renzong imperial gift Sima Guang money more than a million, countless treasures and silk, but Sima Guang did not move. Sima Guang old and frail, his friend Liu Xianliang intended to use 500,000 money to buy a servant girl for its use, Sima Guang politely refused, he said: "I decades, food dare not always meat, clothing dare not have pure silk, more than wearing hemp and kudzu rough cloth, why dare to 500,000 city a servant girl?"
Hidden books
Ming Dynasty Qiu Ying painted "Duluo Park Figure" Ming Dynasty Qiu Ying painted "Duluo Park Figure"
Sima Guang's family collection of books rich, living in Luoyang, buy 20 acres of land, built "Duluo Park", the collection of more than 10,000 volumes of books of literature and history. And set up "reading hall", open up 5,000 volumes of the book of the good and the good, and then got 2400 volumes of books given by Emperor Shenzong, to capitalize on the writings. Good protection of books, every year between two volts to Chung Yeung, in the clear weather, set up a case to expose the books. The table and case are clean, laying with Yin and red, and then the household sits down to read the books. When reading books, not to hold books with empty hands, lest hand sweat stains wet. Hidden books for decades, the book is still new as the hand did not touch the same.
Luoyang Jiyinhui
"Luoyang Jiyinhui" "Luoyang Jiyinhui"
Sima Guang retired to Luoyang, and Wen Yanbo, Fubi and other thirteen people, admiring Bai Juyi Nine Old Men's Association of the old things, they will be gathered in Luoyang's Secretary of State and the age of the people of high moral character, he believes that the Luoyang custom of the weight of age is not the importance of the size of the official position, it will be in the ZiShengYuan built the " He thought that the Luoyang custom emphasized age rather than official position, so he built the "Hall of Elderly Men" in Zisheng Yuan, which was called the "Luoyang Elderly Men's Association", and asked Zheng Huan, a Min man, to paint portraits in it. At that time, Fu Bi was seventy-nine years old, Wen Yanbo and the Secretary of the seal Lang Xi Ruyin have been seventy-seven years old, the court councilor Wang Shanggong seventy-six years old, too often the young secretary Zhao Bing, Secretary of the Supervisory Liu Gui, Weizhou defense Feng Xingji are seventy-five years old, Tianzhang Pavilion to prepare Chu Jianzhong, the court councilor Wang Shenyan seventy-two years old, Taizhong Daifu Zhang asked, the Longtugu Pavilion, straight Bachelor Zhang To has been seventy years old. At that time, Xuan Hui Wang Gongchen served as Beijing (Da Mingfu), wrote to Wen Yanbo, wanted to participate in their assembly, Wang Gongchen seventy-one years old. Si Ma Guang was the only one who was not yet seventy years old, and Wen Yan Bo, who had always thought highly of him, invited him to join the assembly, using the old practice of the Nine Elders of the Tang Dynasty, the Di and the Jiu, to do so. Sima Guang because he was a latecomer to the juniors and not dare to be after Fu and Wen. Wen Yanbo did not listen, let Zheng Huan from behind the curtain to pass Sima Guang portrait, and then to Beijing to pass Wang Gongchen's portrait, so there are thirteen people in the meeting, they have wine and poems to make fun of each other. At that time, there were many famous gardens and ancient temples in Luoyang, with the scenery of water and bamboo forests and pavilions, and Sima Guang and others had snow-white hair and eyebrows, with dignified and beautiful meters and demeanor. Every time they gathered at the banquet, the people of Luoyang were attendant to watch.