2. The cell is the basic unit of biological structure and function.
3, the biosphere for the survival of organisms to provide the basic conditions are: nutrients, sunlight, air and water, suitable temperature and a certain living space.
4, the environmental factors affecting the life of organisms can be divided into two categories: biological factors and non-biological factors.
5. The biosphere includes the bottom of the atmosphere, most of the hydrosphere and the surface of the lithosphere.
6. The ecosystem consists of a living part and an abiotic part, in which the living part includes producers, consumers and decomposers
; the abiotic part is such as sunlight, air, water and so on.
7. The relationship between producers and consumers is mainly one of eating and being eaten, which forms a food chain. Food chains are interlocked to form food webs. Matter and energy in an ecosystem flow along food chains and food webs.
8. The largest ecosystem is the biosphere.
9. Steps in using a microscope: picking up and placing the lens, aligning the light, observing, cleaning and closing the lens.
10, the eyepiece sees an inverted image; the magnification of the microscope is the product of the magnification of the objective lens and the eyepiece. 10X30 = 300
11, in the field of view to see the object image is to the lower left, the specimen should be moved towards the lower left image in order to move to the center; the specimen is moved towards the upper right,
in the field of view seen in the image of the object to move towards the lower left.
12, the slide is written 'up and down', the field of view is seen ' '. Method: rotate the piece of paper with 'up and down' written on it left (or right) 1800.
13, onion scale leaf epidermal cell clinical slide production: preparation (wipe clean, drop of water); production (tear off the inner epidermis, spreading; coverslip); staining (drop of iodine solution, absorbent)
14, staining: make the cell structure clearer, but affect the biological activity of living cells, or even make living cells die; observation of living cells and their biological activity should not be stained.
15, human oral epithelial cells clinical fashion production::: preparation (wipe clean, drops of saline); production (scrape a few, smear; coverslip); staining (drops of iodine solution, absorbent)
16, compared with plant cells, animal cells do not have: cell wall, chloroplasts, vesicles.
17, Cells are composed of inorganic (e.g., water, inorganic salts, oxygen, etc.) and organic matter (e.g., sugars, nucleic acids, proteins).
18, The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell; chloroplasts (plants have) and mitochondria (animals and plants have) are energy converters.
19, DNA is the main genetic material; proteins and DNA make up chromosomes; DNA segments with hereditary effects are called genes.
20, cell differentiation to form tissues. Human body structural levels: cells, tissues, organs, systems, body. Plant bodies have no systems.
21, viruses consist of a protein shell and internal genetic material that usually becomes crystallized when it leaves a living cell.
22, green plants can be divided into four main groups: algae, mosses, ferns, seed plants (including angiosperms and gymnosperms).
23, Mad cow disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease are caused by a structurally altered protein, the prion.
24, Mosses can be used as indicator plants to monitor the level of air pollution.
25, vegetable bean seed is composed of seed coat and embryo (embryonic root,, embryonic axis, germ, cotyledons), the structure of nutrient storage is the cotyledons (two), can develop into a new plant is the embryo. The soybean paste we usually eat is mainly the cotyledons of soybeans. Corn seed is composed of seed coat, embryo (embryonic root, embryonic axis, germ, cotyledon) and endosperm, the structure that stores nutrients is endosperm, cotyledon is a leaf. We usually eat flour components mainly from the endosperm of wheat.
26, the environmental conditions of seed germination have a certain amount of water, sufficient air, suitable temperature.
27, seed germination process, the first to break through the seed coat is the radicle. The radicle develops into a root and the germ develops into a stem and leaves.
28. The fastest growing part of the root is the elongation zone of the root tip. Root growth depends on cell division in the meristematic zone to increase the number of cells on the one hand, on the other hand, it depends on the increase in the size of cells in the elongation zone.
29, the main part of the root water absorption is the root tip of the mature area, because the area has a large number of root hairs.
30, in the plant body to transport water and inorganic salts in the channel is the conduit; transport of organic matter in the channel is the sieve tube.
31, the nutrients needed for crop growth include water, inorganic salts, organic matter (photosynthesis synthesized), which need the most is the inorganic salts containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. Nitrogen deficiency leaves yellow, plants are short and thin, and in severe cases, the veins of the leaves are light brown; phosphorus deficiency plants are especially short, the leaves are dark green and purple; potassium deficiency stems are weak and the edges of the leaves are brown.
32, pistil development into fruit and seed formation process, subject to pollination and fertilization of two important processes. The ovary develops into a fruit, the ovary wall develops into a fruit skin, the ovule develops into a seed, and the fertilized egg develops into an embryo.
33, stomata are the "gateway" to transpiration and loss of water and the "window" of plant gas exchange, is a pair of defense cells surrounded by a cavity
34, in the case of adequate supply of nutrients, some of the sunflower fruit is still empty. are deflated. This is mainly due to insufficient pollination, to reduce deflated seeds, you can use artificial pollination method.
35, woody plant stems can continue to grow thicker, because there is a formation layer between the xylem and phloem, so when grafting, make sure that the scion and the rootstock's formation layer is tightly bound together, the scion can survive.
36, the 1830s, two German biologists Schleiden and Schwang*** with the creation of the cell doctrine, Engels listed it as one of the three major discoveries of natural science in the 19th century.
37, Xiaoming grew 5 centimeters taller this year than last year, which is related to cell division and growth.
38, Transpiration drives the uptake and upward transportation of water and inorganic salts in the plant body and lowers the temperature of the plant body. Transpiration raises atmospheric humidity and increases precipitation.
39, photosynthesis: carbon dioxide + water organic matter + oxygen (carbon dioxide, oxygen from the stomata in and out of the water absorbed by the roots and then transported to the leaves through the conduit)
40, respiration: organic matter + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy (occurs in the mitochondria of plant and animal cells)
41, green plants through photosynthesis maintains the biosphere's carbon The reason is the lack of carbon dioxide in the water of boiling water,
plants can not carry out photosynthesis .
42, puberty is a distinctive feature of a sudden increase in height.
43. Darwin was the founder of the theory of evolution. He believed that the ****same ancestor of human beings and modern apes was the great ape of the forest.
44. The testes produce sperm and secrete androgens, while the ovaries produce egg cells and secrete estrogens.
45. The process in which the mature fetus and placenta are expelled from the mother's vagina is called labor.
46. Sperm and egg cells combine in the fallopian tube to complete the process of fertilization; the fetus lives in the amniotic fluid and receives nutrients and oxygen from the mother through the placenta and umbilical cord.
47. The specific requirements for family planning in China are late marriage, late childbearing, fewer births and optimal births, of which fewer births are the key to controlling excessive population growth....
48. Food contains six types of nutrients such as sugar, fat, protein, inorganic salts, water and vitamins.
49, vitamin A: night blindness, tonic liver, carrots; vitamin C: bleeding gums, scurvy; D: rickets, osteomalacia, tonic liver, cod liver oil; B1: athlete's foot, coarse grains; B2: corns, coarse grains; iron deficiency: anemia
50, the digestive system consists of the digestive tract and digestive glands. The liver is the largest digestive gland and secretes bile that has no digestive effect but can emulsify fats. Starch begins to be digested in the mouth, protein begins to be digested in the stomach, and fat begins to be digested in the small intestine. Small intestinal fluid and pancreatic fluid digest sugars, fats, and proteins.
51, the body's main organ to absorb nutrients is the small intestine. There are many circular folds on its inner surface and many villi
projections on its surface, which greatly increase its inner surface area.
52. The respiratory system consists of the respiratory tract and the lungs. The main organ of the respiratory system is the lungs. A person takes about 16 breaths a minute.
53、Inhalation, the muscles between the ribs and the diaphragm contract: the ribs move upward and outward, the thorax expands laterally, and the left and right diameters of the thorax increase; the top of the diaphragm descends, and the upper and lower diameters of the thorax increase, thus increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity, the lungs expand, and the pressure of the gases in the lungs is less than that of external gases, and the gases are inhaled from the outside.
54, . Both alveoli and capillaries are composed of a layer of flattened epithelial cells. During inhalation, the alveoli bulge and oxygen from the air enters the bloodstream through these two layers; at the same time, carbon dioxide from the blood also enters the alveoli through these two layers.
55, the fundamental measures to prevent air pollution is to control the emission of pollutants, the effective measures are planting trees.
56, oxygen is transported through the blood circulation to all parts of the body's tissue cells, and finally in the mitochondria in the cell this part is used.
57. Blood consists of plasma and blood cells. Blood cells include red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets.
58, blood stratification, the upper layer is plasma, the lower layer is red blood cells, the junction of the two layers are white blood cells and platelets.
59, plasma main role is to carry blood cells, transportation to maintain the body's life activities required substances and waste produced by the body.
60, hemoglobin is a kind of iron protein, red, it is easy to combine with oxygen in the high oxygen content, and easy to separate from oxygen in the low oxygen content.
61. The heart has well-developed musculature, which enables it to contract powerfully. The walls of the left ventricle are thicker than those of the right ventricle because the left ventricle pumps blood throughout the body while the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs.
62, blood circulation is divided into body circulation and pulmonary circulation. Body circulation delivers nutrients and oxygen to the cells of tissues and carries away wastes; pulmonary circulation changes blood from venous blood to arterial blood in the middle course.
63. The human ABO blood group divides blood into four types: A, B, AB, and O. When transfusing blood, the same type of blood should be fed into the bloodstream. When transfusing blood, the principle should be to enter the same type of blood; however, sometimes people with any blood type can enter a small amount of O-type blood.
64. 200-300 milliliters of blood donated by healthy adults each time will not affect their health.
65, the formation of urine: ① when the blood flows through the glomerulus, in addition to blood cells and large molecules of protein, part of the plasma water, inorganic salts, urea and glucose and other substances, through the glomerular filtration to the renal capsule to form the urine; ② the original urine flows through the renal tubules, all of the glucose, most of the water and part of the inorganic salts and so on are reabsorbed into the bloodstream, and the remaining part of the urine is formed. The remaining portion is formed into urine. The glomerulus has a filtering effect and the tubules have a reabsorbing effect.
66, the significance of urination is: discharge of waste, regulate the balance of water and inorganic salts in the body, maintain the normal physiological function of tissue cells.
67, the cause of myopia: if the regulation of the lens is overburdened, the lens is excessively convex and can not be restored to its original shape, and even the anterior and posterior diameters of the eyeball are too long, the light of distant objects to form an image will fall in front of the retina. This can be corrected by wearing a concave lens.
68, the prevention of myopia "three" are: reading and writing posture should be correct, the distance between the eyes and the book should be about 33 centimeters; reading, watching TV or using the computer after an hour to take a break, to look into the distance for a few minutes; to regular vision check, do eye exercises.
69. The basic unit of the structure and function of the nervous system is the neuron. The basic way of neuromodulation is reflex.
70, the nervous system consists of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system (or: by the brain, the spinal cord and the nerves they emit)
71, human life activities are mainly regulated by the nervous system, but also by hormone regulation.
72, the completion of the reflexes of the neural structure called the reflex arc, which includes receptors, afferent nerves, nerve centers, efferent nerves,
effectors. Receptors are stimulated to produce nerve impulses
73, the pituitary gland: growth hormone (insufficient: dwarfism, excess: gigantism); thyroid hormone (insufficient: cretinism, endemic goiter
); insulin (insufficient: diabetes)
74, the greenhouse effect: excessive CO2 emissions Acid rain: combustion of sulphur dioxide Ozone layer destruction: freon Use
75, the main characteristics of fish are: live in the water all their lives, most of the surface of the body covered with scales, breathe with gills, swim with fins, have a spine.
76, arthropods: consists of many body segments, the body surface have exoskeletons, feet and antennae are divided into segments, arthropods are very adaptable to the environment
77, innate behaviors: knee-jerk reflex, bird migration,, ants make nests, Learning Behavior: the great tit stole the milk, the chickens mimic the hen picking at the ground to ask for food
78, coelacanths: anemones, jellyfish, Mollusks: squid, octopus, mussels Annelids: earthworms, leeches, sandworms
Arthropods: 1. Crustaceans: shrimp, crabs, daphnia; 2. Insects: locusts, dragonflies, tortoiseshells, flies; 3. Spiders, centipedes
79. Rabbits have incisor, molar, and no canine teeth, and have a well-developed cecum, which is compatible with their phytophagous nature; wolves have incisor, molar, canine, and no canine; wolves have incisor, molar, canine, and no canine; wolves have incisor, molar, and canine teeth, molars, canines. This is compatible with their carnivorous nature.
80, insects are the only invertebrates that can fly.
81, animals can be divided into vertebrates and invertebrates according to the presence or absence of a spine in their bodies.
82, Locusts breathe with trachea; carp breathe with gills; dolphins breathe with lungs; birds breathe with lungs and use air sacs to assist breathing.
83、When a person flexes his elbow, the biceps muscle contracts and the triceps muscle diastolizes; when he extends his elbow, the triceps muscle contracts and the biceps muscle diastolizes.
84、Joints are composed of: joint surface, joint capsule, joint cavity shoulder, elbow, ankle, knee
85、When the skeletal muscle is stimulated by the nerve, contraction, it will pull the bone around the joint activity, so the body will produce movement.
86, animals can help plants pollinate, spread the seeds, is conducive to expanding the distribution range of plants; to promote the ecosystem material cycle; to maintain ecological balance
87, in the ecosystem, the number of organisms and the proportion of the various organisms is always maintained in a relatively stable state, a phenomenon known as ecological balance.
88, bionic: airplanes (imitating the flight of birds), thin-shelled buildings (the turtle's back armor), fluorescent lamps (the luminous principle of fireflies), radar (the bat's echo-localization); bioreactors: breast bioreactors.
89. Biological diversity includes diversity of species, diversity of genes and diversity of ecosystems.
90. Bacteria and fungi live in three ways: saprophytic, parasitic, and ****ophytic. Tinea pedis (fungal parasitism); bacteria in the stomach and intestines of cows and cattle ****life; the process by which bacteria and fungi break down plant and animal remains into carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic salts is called putrefaction.
91, the French scientist Bastide with the famous "gooseneck bottle experiment" proved that the corruption of broth from the bacteria in the air, proved that the bacteria is not natural, but there is already existing bacteria produced!
92, steamed buns fluffy and porous, because of the addition of yeast and flour, so that the carbon dioxide gas produced by the fermentation of flour heat expansion of the cause.
94. In ancient poems, there are often lines in which animals are used to express their aspirations: "The old steed in the stable still aspires to a thousand miles"; "The sky is high enough for the birds to fly, and the sea is wide enough for the fish to leap.
A Lactobacillus a Bacterial insecticide
B Penicillium b Causes fruit to rot
C Methanobacterium c Makes kimchi
D Yeast d Nitrogen fixation
E Bacillus subtilis e Makes people suffer from tonsillitis
F Bacillus thuringiensis f Purifies sewage
G Streptococcus g Makes steamed buns, bread
H rhizobium h produces penicillin
95. Methods of culturing bacteria and fungi: preparation of medium containing nutrients; autoclaving; inoculation_; incubation.
96. Bacteria: cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm (no chloroplasts and a formed nucleus), some with flagella and pods; schizogamous reproduction; mode of nutrition:
Heterotrophic (saprophytic, parasitic, ****ogenic) Fungi: cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm (no chloroplasts but with a formed nucleus); sporulation, outgrowth reproduction (yeasts); heterotrophic (saprophytic, Parasitism, ****-biosis)
97, in general, the overall trend of biological evolution, is from aquatic to terrestrial, from simple to complex, from low to high.
98. Biological inheritance and variation are the basis of biological evolution.
99. Drugs are divided into prescription drugs and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs.
100, the continuation and development of life in the biosphere, the most basic link is the organisms through _reproduction_ and development . The succession of generations is endless. Comparison Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction Combination of reproductive cells of both sexes No Yes Generation of new individuals Fertilized eggs are produced directly by the mother to develop into new individuals Reproduction speed Fast Slow Variability Small, easy to maintain parental traits Large, with biparental inheritance Adaptive ability of offspring Weak Strong
101. Sexual reproduction: sexual reproductive cells are produced by the parents, and through the combination of the reproductive cells of the two sexes (the spermatozoa and the egg cell), a fertilized egg is produced. The fertilization of an egg, from which a new individual develops.
102, a list comparing sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction:
103, the application of asexual reproduction: (1) grafting (rootstock and scion of the formation layer of the scion close together in order to survive, flowering and fruiting with the scion to maintain the same) (2) cuttings (3) crimping The above are required to provide the appropriate conditions. Note: the application of plant tissue culture technology
106, complete metamorphosis development: egg. Larva Pupa. Adult . Mosquitoes, cabbage butterflies, bees; incomplete metamorphosis development egg . Wakame . Adults. Locusts, praying mantis, crickets
107, amphibian reproduction and larval development must be carried out in the water, the larvae have to undergo metamorphosis to live on land (fertilized eggs, tadpoles, young frogs, adult frogs)
108, bird eggs: yolk is the main nutrient, the embryonic disc in the egg can be developed into chicks in the future. The egg cell consists of three parts: yolk, yolk membrane and embryonic disk.
109, . Heredity: similarity between parents and children; . Variation: differences between parents and children or between children
110, traits: heritable morphological and structural characteristics of organisms, physiological characteristics and behavior; relative traits: different manifestations of the same trait. 111, the essence of the inheritance of traits: the parent passes genes to the offspring through the process of reproduction; genes control the traits of organisms
112, the chromosomes of the germ cells of human beings (sperm and egg) are the chromosomes of the spermatids. and egg) have chromosomes that exist singly and are only half of the chromosomes in somatic cells, e.g., human sperm have 23 chromosomes, while human somatic cells have pairs of chromosomes that exist in pairs, 23 pairs.
113.Genes are transmitted through sperm and egg cells.
114.Scientific studies have shown that the birth of a boy is determined by the _male_.
115. . Chromosome: DNA + protein (where DNA is the main genetic material and genes are located on DNA)
116... There are dominant and recessive traits in the inheritance of relative traits
117.In the inheritance of relative traits, there is only one type of gene composition, aa, for those that exhibit recessive traits; and there are two types of dominant traits, i.e., AA and Aa
118. . The gene composition is Dd, although the recessive trait controlled by d is not expressed, d is still inherited
119, . Dominant genes are genes that control dominant traits 15 Recessive genes are genes that control recessive traits
120, Sex differences in people are determined by the sex chromosomes; . The chances of having a boy and a girl are equal
121, the phenotype is the result of the genotype and environmental influences*** acting together
1220 heritable variation: caused by a change in the genetic material (e.g., space peppers); . Inheritable variation: the genetic material does not change, only by the direct action of the external environment caused by variation (such as differences in light caused by differences in the color of the leaves of the same crop)
123, the phenomenon of the parent to the offspring of the phenomenon known as heredity, the phenomenon of differences in the performance of the traits between the parent and the offspring of the phenomenon known as mutation;
124, genes controlling the traits generally exist in pairs, the genes controlling the dominant trait is called a dominant trait, the genes controlling the dominant trait is called a dominant trait. The genes that control dominant traits are called dominant genes, and the genes that control recessive traits are called recessive genes;
125, a couple with straight hair had a child with curly hair, then the straight hair is controlled by dominant genes, and the curly hair is controlled by recessive genes, and the probability that they will have another child with curly hair is ?
6, chromosomes involved in sex determination are called sex chromosomes, and chromosomes not involved in sex determination are called sex chromosomes, and chromosomes not involved in sex determination are called sex chromosomes, and chromosomes not involved in sex determination are called sex chromosomes. The chromosomes that are not related to sex determination are called autosomes
7. There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in the human body cells ***, among which there are 1 pair of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes
8. The sex chromosomes in the male body cells are made up of the X and Y chromosomes, and the sex chromosomes in the female body cells are made up of the X chromosomes
9. Traits are controlled by the genotype and the environment *** as a result of the same action. The environment **** the result of the same action;
10, somatic cells in pairs of genes are located in pairs of chromosomes, with the combination of sperm and egg cells, one from the father, one
from the mother
11, each chromosome is generally only one DNA molecule, a DNA molecule contains more than one gene.
5. White wool color in sheep is dominant (denoted by B) and black is recessive (denoted by b). A white ram mates with a black ewe and gives birth to all white lambs. The genetic make-up of the ram is BB and that of the ewe is bb.
6. Heredity and variation are the basis of biological evolution.
7. The sex of a human being is mainly determined by the sex chromosomes, XY for male and XX for female. There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in a human body cell, which can be written as 44+XY or 44+XX, and the chromosomes in the sperm can be written as 22+X or 22+Y.
8. Ornamental plant Tibetan primrose, in the temperature of 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃ conditions, red (A) on the white (a) is dominant, the gene combination of AA and Aa for the red flowers, the gene combination of aa for the white flowers, if the red-flowered Tibetan primrose moved to 30 ℃ of the environment, the gene combination for the AA, Aa, also for the white flowers, the fact that:
(1) the organisms show the traits are genotypes and genotypes, then the chromosome can be written 22 + X or 22 + Y . traits are the result of the interaction between genotype and environment.
(2) Under different environmental conditions of life, the same combination of genes expresses different traits .
(III) Biological Evolution
1 Analyze and explain the evolution of wolves by Darwin's doctrine of natural selection:
(1) The existence of different kinds of wolves in the wolf pack, some of which are fast and some of which are slow, suggests that the organisms have the characteristic of _variation_ which is generally heritable, and which provides the original material for the selection of the evolution of organisms
(2) With the environment, the organisms have the same combination of genes and the same environment. p>(2) With the change of the environment, the food is reduced, fast and ferocious wolves can get food to survive, this is the __survival of the fittest__, food, the environment on the wolf played a selective role, and this role is __directed__, it determines the __direction__- of biological evolution.
(3) The process of wolf evolution is realized through natural selection.
2 Cytochrome C is a ubiquitous protein and its amino acid arrangement has been determined as shown in the table below, which shows the number of amino acids in the composition of the same protein (cytochrome C ) that are different in humans and these organisms.
Name of organism Chimpanzee Horse Chicken Drosophila Fruit fly Wheat Yeast Red snail fungus
Number of amino acid differences from man 0 12 13 27 35 44 65
(1) The fact that animals and plants all have cytochrome C can indicate the closeness of the other organisms to man
(2) In the above examples, the closest to man is the chimpanzee, and the furthest away is the red snail fungus. organism is the red snail fungus.
3. The earth was formed about 4.6 billion years ago, and primitive life originated in the primitive oceans, and there was no oxygen in the primitive atmosphere
4. Organisms in the natural world survive through an intense struggle for survival, and those who adapt survive and those who don't are eliminated, which is called natural selection.
5, the course of the origin of life: inorganic matter, organic small molecular matter, organic macromolecular systems, biological multi-molecular systems, primitive life
6, the evolutionary order of animals: protozoa, coelenterata, flatworms, Platyhelminthes, Platyhelminthes, annelids, mollusks, arthropods,
Echinoderms, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, Mammals. (Note the order of precedence.)
7. Darwin believed that the long neck of the modern giraffe was the result of natural selection.
(D) Infectious Diseases, Prevention and Immunity
1. The first and second lines of defense are inherent in human life, and they are not directed against a particular class of pathogens,
but rather against a variety of pathogens, and are therefore called non-specific immunity.
2. Organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites that cause infectious diseases are called pathogens, for example, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis, HIV, which causes AIDS, and roundworms, which cause ascariasis.
3. Infectious diseases and non-infectious diseases are different, infectious diseases have infectious and epidemic characteristics, infectious diseases can be prevalent in the population, there must be a source of infection at the same time
Transmission and susceptible populations of these three basic links, the lack of any one of these links are not popular.
4. After the pathogen invades the body, it stimulates the lymphocytes, which produce a special protein called antibody to resist the pathogen. The substances that cause the body to produce antibodies (e.g., foreign substances such as pathogens) are called antigens .
8. Both prescription and over-the-counter medicines should be carefully read before use to understand the main ingredients, indications, active ingredients, specifications, precautions, date of manufacture and expiration date of the medicine, etc., so as to ensure the safety of the medicine.
9. The most commonly used method of artificial respiration is mouth-to-mouth breathing.
10. When someone suddenly fainted or drowning, time is of the essence, we must call "120" as soon as possible.
11. If the patient stops breathing at the same time the heart stops beating, then artificial respiration should be done at the same time as artificial chest cardiac compression .
Generally every time you do artificial respiration, you need to do 4-5 times of cardiac compression, and so on repeatedly. When the patient has spontaneous respiration,
carotid artery pulsation, and the face gradually turns red, it proves that the resuscitation is effective.
12. According to the definition of the World Health Organization (WHO), health is defined as a state of physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease.
14. Lifestyle refers to all kinds of behavioral habits that people follow in their daily life, such as dietary habits, living habits, daily living arrangements, recreation and participation in social activities. People's lifestyles are closely related to health.