Occupational hazard factors include:
1, chemical factors: toxic substances, such as lead, mercury, butadiene, styrene, high aromatic oil and productive dust, such as petroleum coke dust, metal dust and cement dust. ;
2. Physical factors: abnormal meteorological conditions, abnormal air pressure, noise, vibration, non-ionizing radiation, ionizing radiation, etc.
3. Biological factors, such as Bacillus anthracis and mold on bagasse;
4. Time factors, such as long working hours at night and unreasonable rest system.
In actual production, occupational hazards often do not exist alone, and the joint existence of multiple occupational hazards will often aggravate the impact on workers' health.
Occupational health prevention plans and measures:
1, control plan
(1) Leaders and employees at all levels must be familiar with the occupational health and occupational disease prevention responsibilities of their posts, and master the occupational disease hazards, treatment and preventive measures within their posts and management scope.
(2) The Project Department shall educate and train the management personnel on occupational disease prevention, occupational health professional knowledge and laws and regulations. According to the actual production, organize study at least once a year, hold special training courses and study lectures, and improve the awareness of occupational health prevention and control of managers.
(3) All divisions shall provide legal education and basic knowledge training for all operators, especially welders and concrete workers exposed to occupational hazards. Popularize occupational health knowledge, urge workers to abide by the laws, regulations, rules and operating procedures of occupational disease prevention and control, establish the concept of legal system, and improve their awareness of self-protection. The team will arrange an occupational health knowledge learning activity in the safety activities every quarter, and make records.
(4) Production post management and operation personnel must master and correctly use and maintain occupational health protection facilities and personal occupational health protection articles, and master the self-protection points and emergency treatment measures when acute occupational hazards occur.
(five) give priority to the use of new technologies, new processes and new materials that are conducive to the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases and the protection of workers' health, and gradually replace those that seriously endanger occupational diseases; Effective occupational disease prevention facilities must be adopted, and workers should be provided with protective articles for personal use that meet the requirements of occupational disease prevention and control.
Shall not arrange underage workers to engage in operations that are exposed to occupational hazards; Female workers during pregnancy and lactation shall not be arranged to engage in operations harmful to themselves, the fetus and the baby.
2, workplace protection measures
(1) The project department identifies and determines the types of occupational hazards according to the specific situation on site, and formulates corresponding prevention measures.
(2) Set up warning signs of occupational hazards in the eye-catching position of the identified workplaces with serious occupational hazards.
(3) When there are a lot of dust operations such as stone cutting and building demolition, the construction site should be equipped with effective dust suppression facilities and equipment to reduce dust on the construction site and construction machinery.
(4) The construction personnel engaged in waterproof operation and painting operation shall carry out the construction in strict accordance with the operation procedures. Before construction, check whether the ventilation in the workplace is smooth and the ventilation facilities are normal. During construction, operators should wear gas masks correctly. Waterproofing and painting in a confined space can easily lead to carbon monoxide poisoning. If the protective equipment can't work normally, it must be evacuated from the site immediately to a ventilated place, and other personnel on the construction site should be informed to ventilate the place on the premise of ensuring their own safety. If there are symptoms of poisoning, immediately report to the project department for processing; Symptoms of chronic poisoning are not easy to find. For the construction personnel engaged in such operations, organize a physical examination every six months, and immediately inform them, transfer from their posts and take necessary treatment measures.
(5) The loading and unloading transportation of fine-grained materials must be covered, and the special roads on site should be watered frequently to minimize dust pollution. Construction personnel exposed to dust should try their best to reduce the dust concentration in the construction process, and take continuous watering measures to reduce the dust in the construction process. Workers should wear dust masks, hair caps and other necessary personal protective equipment correctly to prevent inhalation of toxic dust.
(6) During the construction, the operators of electric welding operations should pay attention to the ventilation of the construction environment or set up local smoke exhaust equipment to control the concentration of harmful substances in the air in the workplace below the national hygiene standards. When working in a working environment where ventilation conditions are difficult to improve, effective gas masks and gas masks must be worn.
(7) When carrying out high-noise construction, the construction personnel should wear protective earmuffs correctly to reduce the noise operation time. In case of dizziness, tinnitus and other symptoms caused by strong noise operation, the operation should be stopped immediately and other personnel should be informed to deal with it. Serious symptoms should be reported to the emergency rescue team of the company and sent to medical institutions for treatment.
(8) Construction personnel who have been engaged in high-temperature operation for a long time should reduce their working hours, pay attention to rest, ensure adequate drinking water and wear protective equipment.
(9) For toxic and harmful workplaces where acute occupational injuries may occur, the project department shall provide on-site first-aid supplies, washing equipment, emergency evacuation routes and necessary safe-haven areas. In the radiation workplace, the employer must be equipped with protective equipment.
Legal basis:
Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases
Article 85 Occupational hazards refer to all kinds of hazards that may cause occupational diseases to workers engaged in occupational activities. Occupational hazard factors include: various harmful chemical, physical and biological factors existing in occupational activities and other occupational hazards generated in the process of operation.
Occupational taboo refers to a special personal physiological or pathological state in which workers are more vulnerable to occupational hazards and occupational diseases than the general occupational population when they are engaged in specific occupations or exposed to specific occupational hazard factors, or may aggravate their own diseases or induce diseases that may pose a danger to the lives and health of others in the process of engaging in operations.