What are the ethical guidelines for organ transplantation in China

, the Ministry of Health has recently organized and formulated the Interim Provisions on the Management of Clinical Application of Human Organ Transplantation Technology, which will come into effect from July 1, 2006 onwards. The Provisions *** 5 chapters and 47 articles, including the general provisions, registration of diagnosis and treatment subjects, management of clinical application, supervision and management, and bylaws. The provisions of the requirements, medical institutions to carry out the clinical application of human organ transplantation technology, must be in accordance with the "Regulations on the Management of Medical Institutions" and the provisions of the provisions of the provincial health administrative department to apply for organ transplantation of the corresponding professional diagnostic and therapeutic subject registration. In principle, the medical institution applying for the registration of organ transplant corresponding specialized diagnostic and treatment subjects shall be a Grade 3A hospital, and must have on-the-job practicing physicians with the ability of clinical application of human organ transplant clinical technology and other professional and technical personnel who are suitable for human organ transplantation; equipment and facilities suitable for clinical application of human organ transplantation technology; clinical application and ethical committee of human organ transplantation technology; and sound and comprehensive medical institutions with the ability of clinical application and ethical committee of human organ transplantation technology. There is a clinical application of human organ transplantation technology and ethics committee; there are perfect technical specifications and management system. Medical institutions that have not obtained the registration of corresponding specialized diagnostic and treatment subjects for organ transplantation are not allowed to carry out human organ transplantation. A practicing physician who does not have the ability of clinical application of human organ transplantation shall not carry out organ transplantation. A practicing physician who has the ability to clinically apply organ transplantation shall not carry out organ transplantation in a medical institution that has not obtained the registration of the corresponding specialized diagnostic and treatment subjects for organ transplantation. Provincial health administrative departments do not have the ability to carry out clinical application of human organ transplantation and do not conform to the planning of clinical application of human organ transplantation technology in the administrative region of the medical institutions shall not be registered; the medical institutions that have obtained the corresponding specialized diagnostic and treatment subjects for organ transplantation, the average long-term survival rate of patients does not meet the relevant requirements, shall promptly revoke the registration of the corresponding specialized diagnostic and treatment subjects for organ transplantation. The Ministry of Health conducts inspections of medical institutions that have obtained the corresponding specialized diagnostic and treatment subjects for organ transplants to carry out human organ transplants. Where it is found that the medical institutions carrying out human organ transplants do not comply with the provisions, the provincial health administrative departments shall be ordered to revoke the registration of the corresponding specialized diagnostic and therapeutic subjects of medical institutions for organ transplants, and, depending on the seriousness of the case, the responsible persons in charge and other persons in charge shall be given administrative sanctions in accordance with the law. The Provisions emphasize that organ transplants shall not be carried out if they do not comply with laws and regulations and the principles of medical ethics. Before each case of human organ transplantation in a medical institution, the case of human organ transplantation must be submitted to the Human Organ Transplantation Technical and Ethical Committee of the medical institution for full discussion, and the legitimacy of the source of the human organ and the mating situation must be explained, and the organ transplantation can only be carried out for the patient after consent. Prior to the implementation of organ transplantation, the medical institution shall inform the patient and his/her family of the purpose of the operation, risks of the operation, post-operative precautions, possible complications and preventive measures, etc., and sign an informed consent form. The Provisions clearly put forward, human organs shall not be bought and sold; medical institutions clinically used for transplantation of organs must be the donor's written consent; the donor has the right to refuse to donate organs before the organ transplantation.