The invention of air conditioning
The American inventor Willis Havilland Carrier (translated as Carrier in some places), known as the father of refrigeration, invented the invention in 1902 Designed and installed the first air conditioning system. A printer in New York, USA, discovered that temperature changes could cause paper deformation, causing colored ink imbalance. This air conditioning system was designed for him. Carrier's patent was registered in 1906. On July 17, 1902, Carrier, a young man who had only graduated from Cornell University for a year, invented the air conditioner while working at Buffalo Forge Co. But the original purpose of inventing the air conditioner was not to bring a comfortable living environment to people, but to serve some dead things. It is said that one of the customers of Buffalo Company at that time was Schachter William Printing Factory in New York City. Due to changes in air temperature and humidity, its printing press caused the paper to expand and contract erratically, and the ink registration was inaccurate, making it impossible to produce clear color prints. . So the Buffalo Company was turned to. Khalil thought that since he could use air passing through a coil filled with steam to keep him warm, why not use air passing through a coil filled with cold water to cool him down? Water in the air condenses on the coils, keeping the air in the factory cool and dry. Central air conditioning host
On July 17, 1902, the era of air conditioning began with the first use of air conditioners in this printing factory. Soon, other industries such as the textile industry, chemical industry, pharmaceutical industry, food and even the arms industry also greatly improved product quality due to the introduction of air conditioning. In 1907, the first exported air conditioner was purchased by a silk factory in Japan. In 1915, Carrier founded a company that remains one of the largest air conditioning companies in the world. But in the 20 years since the invention of air conditioning, it has been machines, not people, that have been enjoyed. It wasn't until 1924 that a mall in Detroit, where many people fainted due to the sweltering heat, first installed three central air conditioners. This was a great success. The cool environment greatly increased people's desire to spend. Since then, air conditioning has It has become a powerful tool for businesses to attract customers. The era of air conditioners serving people has officially arrived. But when it comes to popularizing air conditioning, it can be achieved mainly through movie theaters. Most Americans were first exposed to air conditioning in a movie theater. Cinemas in the 1920s took advantage of air conditioning technology that promised to provide audiences with cool air, making air conditioning as engaging as the movies themselves, and summer replaced winter as the peak moviegoing season. Subsequently, a large number of year-round indoor entertainment venues such as casinos, indoor sports arenas and shopping malls emerged, all thanks to the advent of air conditioning. In the 1960s and 1970s, rare drought weather occurred in the United States. In order to solve the problem of air conditioning cold and heat sources in drought and water shortage areas, the United States took the lead in developing an air-cooled chiller, which used air heat dissipation instead of cooling towers. The name is: Air cool Chiller, referred to as Chiller! In the history of air conditioning, the United States has developed and improved ducted central unit air conditioning systems, and has acquired air conditioning equipment that is installing and repairing ducted unit air conditioning systems on site. Strong support from distributors and dealers. WRAC is the simplest and cheapest system that can be easily purchased at retail stores and installed by yourself during periods of sustained high temperatures. Meanwhile, ductless SRACs and SPACs have been developed and improved in Japan since the 1970s under dynamics different from those in the U.S. market. Afterwards, equipment design and manufacturing technology was transferred to China in the 1990s, through partnerships with local companies including local manufacturers of major components such as compressors, heat exchangers, electric motors, precision valves and electronic controllers. conducted by a joint venture. In the 1990s, China also absorbed advanced high-tech technologies for larger air-conditioning equipment from other advanced countries and formed joint ventures with large companies, mostly in the United States. Today, China is a top country, and its major local factories and joint ventures manufacture large quantities of SRAC and SPAC to meet the growing domestic market and export needs. Japan has been exporting SRAC and SPAC units to China, Europe and the Middle East in the past few years to establish new markets.
However, China is now the largest exporter of air conditioners. The total number of WRAC, SRAC and SPAC units exported in 2001 reached 5 million units. It is expected that 7.5 or 8 million units will be exported in 2002, while Japan is losing its export status. From January to October 2008, China's air conditioning industry enterprises achieved a cumulative total industrial output value of 143,283,146 thousand yuan; a cumulative product sales revenue of 151,410,493 yuan; and a cumulative total profit of 5,165,862 thousand yuan.
Edit the functions of air conditioners in this paragraph
Cooling
In the design and manufacturing of air conditioners, the temperature is generally allowed to be controlled between 16 and 32°C. If the temperature is set too low, on the one hand it will increase unnecessary power consumption, and on the other hand it will cause a large temperature difference between indoor and outdoor. People entering and exiting the room will not be able to quickly adapt to the temperature changes and will easily catch colds.
Dehumidification
The air conditioner is accompanied by dehumidification during the cooling process. The relative humidity of the environment that people feel comfortable should be around 40 to 60. When the relative humidity is too high, such as above 90, people still feel bad even if the temperature is within the comfortable range.
Heating
Both heat pump and electric air conditioners have warming functions. The heating capacity gradually decreases as the outdoor ambient temperature decreases. If the temperature is -5°C, it can hardly meet the heating requirements.
Purify the air
The air contains a certain amount of harmful gases such as NH3, SO2, etc., as well as various odors such as sweat odor, body odor, and bathroom odor. Air conditioner purification methods include: fresh air, filtration, adsorption and absorption using activated carbon or photocatalyst, etc. A. Fresh air: Use the fan system to discharge indoor humid air to the outside, forming a certain degree of negative pressure indoors. Fresh air enters the room from the surrounding door and window gaps to improve indoor air quality. B. Photocatalyst: It can be regenerated under the irradiation of light, and releases the adsorbed (collected) harmful substances such as ammonia, nicotine, acetic acid, hydrogen sulfide, etc., and can be reused.
Increase the concentration of negative ions in the air
The concentration of charged particles in the air will affect the comfort of the human body. Installing a negative ion generator on the air conditioner can increase the degree of negative ions in the air and make the environment more comfortable. It also has certain medical effects on lowering blood pressure and suppressing asthma.
Edit this section on energy-saving transformation of air conditioners by inverters
Features of SAJ air-conditioning inverters: Air-conditioning inverters
■Low-frequency torque output 180, low-frequency operation Good characteristics ■The maximum output frequency is 600Hz, which can control high-speed motors ■Comprehensive detection and protection functions (overvoltage, undervoltage, overload) Instantaneous power outage and restart ■Protection functions such as acceleration, deceleration, and stall prevention during rotation ■Motor dynamic parameters Automatic recognition function ensures the stability and accuracy of the system ■ Fast response during high-speed shutdown ■ Rich and flexible input and output interfaces and control methods, strong versatility ■ Adopt SMT full mounting production and conformal paint processing technology to ensure product stability High■The entire series uses the latest Siemens IGBT power devices to ensure high quality
Edit the meaning of the air conditioner nameplate in this paragraph
Air conditioner nameplate
For example, model: KFR-26GW K: stands for household air conditioner F: split air conditioner (C: stands for window air conditioner) R: stands for heat pump heating function (without R, stands for air conditioner with single cooling function, D stands for auxiliary electric heating function) 26: This number Represents the rated cooling capacity G: wall-mounted air conditioner (L stands for floor-standing air conditioner, which is usually called a cabinet) W: represents the split outdoor unit Energy efficiency ratio: 2.99 The energy efficiency ratio is the ratio of the rated cooling capacity to the rated power. The higher the Bigger is better. At present, the energy efficiency ratio of household air conditioners stipulated by the state is 2.6-3.4, which is divided into five levels. Level one is the best, that is, those with an energy efficiency ratio of 3.24-3.4 or above are the most energy-saving first-level air conditioning products. Rated cooling capacity: 2700W What we usually call the rated cooling capacity of an air conditioner is about 2200W-2600W.
Rated heat: 3000W (3600W) Rated heating wattage, the maximum heating wattage is indicated in brackets. Rated power: 903W for cooling and 920W for heating (1520W). This is what we usually call power consumption, that is, kilowatts/hour. The heating power in parentheses indicates the maximum rated power, which means that the maximum power consumption for heating is about 1.5 words per hour. Dimensions: (Indoor/Outdoor) (mm) Width x Height x Depth Air conditioner indoor unit
Indicates the size of the air conditioner indoor unit and outdoor unit, usually expressed in millimeters. It is best to measure before purchasing. Whether the indoor and outdoor installation location is appropriate. Mass: 12kg indoors/35kg outdoor. The net weight of the indoor and outdoor units of the air conditioner. Generally, a slightly heavier air conditioner means that the materials used are relatively solid. Operating noise: Indoor unit: low-high range: 26-35db Outdoor unit: less than or equal to 51db Air conditioner outdoor unit
Most of the air conditioner noise values ??currently on the market are within the range of national standards, and the noise of some frequency converters The value may be relatively low. In addition, whether the air conditioner is installed properly or not, as well as the maintenance and cleaning during use will also have some impact on the noise. Applicable area: 12-18 square meters. This is the reference applicable area for air conditioners given by the manufacturer. We can also calculate it ourselves based on the parameters of 115W-145W for ordinary rooms and 145W-175W for living rooms. To avoid waste caused by insufficient cooling effect or excessive cooling. Circulating air volume: 420 square meters/h This represents the size of the air supply area of ??the air conditioner within one hour. Usually, when the rated cooling capacity is similar, the circulating air volume of the vertical cabinet unit is larger than that of the wall-mounted air conditioner.
Edit this paragraph The evolution of the appearance of my country's household air conditioners
The first generation of grille panel household air conditioners
In 1988, the first domestic split The wall-mounted unit KF-19G1A was born in Huabao Air Conditioner Factory. At that time, Huabao gave it a very poetic name - Snow Lotus. The birth of Snow Lotus opened a new era in my country's household air conditioner industry. Since then, Chunlan has also had its own hang-up production line. The air conditioners produced by Huabao and Chunlan dominated for nearly 10 years from the late 1980s to the mid-1990s. The air conditioners they produced were very similar in appearance: a flat, large rectangular structure. At the same time, a large number of imported products had roughly the same appearance before the mid-1990s. Therefore, it was difficult to identify the brand of air conditioners at that time, especially hang-up units, without looking at the trademark. In 1988, Huabao Air Conditioner Factory developed the first split wall-mounted machine KF-19GA, which was a typical representative of grille panel products. Until 1995, Chunlan's KFR-22G was still the leading product in the wall-mounted market, which also shows that At that time, domestic air-conditioning products were still dominated by grille panels. The same is true for cabinet machines. Since Chunlan developed the 70DS new cabinet machine in 1987, many brands have only fine-tuned some details or color shades in the production of cabinet machines.
Second-generation grille panel household air conditioners
As household air conditioners become more popular, their appearance is also quietly changing. This change first started in the imported market. Begin to sprout. In the 1980s, China's air-conditioning market was dominated by imported machines. Even from 1991 to 1995, imported machines still played a decisive role. Imported machines played an enlightening role in the development of China's household air-conditioning industry. Many domestic brands were produced with imported machines. Assembling them with accessories, this enlightenment also includes changes in the appearance of the indoor units of our household air conditioner products. In the mid-1990s, a small indoor unit appeared in imported air conditioners represented by Mitsubishi Electric, Hitachi, Panasonic, etc. This indoor unit changed its previous image of being bulky and heavy, with a compact and neat appearance, which is in line with the home environment. Integrated into one, deeply favored by consumers. As many domestic air conditioning factories popularized the production of such products, the second generation grille panel air conditioners dominated the air conditioning market and are still popular today.
From the first-generation grille panel to the second-generation grille panel, it is an improvement in the appearance of household air conditioners. This progress is not only reflected in the smaller size and beautified appearance, but also in the evaporation of the indoor unit. Changes in the folding type and improvements in air conditioner system capabilities. It can also be seen from this aspect that the change of the evaporator folding pattern is a key factor in the transformation of the two generations of grille panels. In the late 1990s, many companies invested a lot of manpower and material resources in the research of folding evaporators. Midea also applied for a patent for multi-fold evaporators in 1998. Many of its products use four-fold evaporators, while Gree, another leading brand in the industry, generally uses five-fold evaporators. However, there is no major change in the air inlet mode from the first-generation grille-type panel to the second-generation grille-type panel. The circulating air path of front air inlet and outlet is still used. Of course, this is also a grille-type panel. The reason why the panel is the fundamental part of the grille panel is that its technical features determine its appearance.
The advent of the era of optical panels
Turning over the 2005 new product color pages from various domestic factories, a new atmosphere emerges. Compared with previous years when grille panels were the mainstream, most brands launched light panel series air-conditioning products in 2005, such as Gree's Tianli series, Haier's high-efficiency oxygen bar series, Midea's Q2 series and V series, etc. This collective behavior of various manufacturers in the air conditioning industry has pushed my country's household air conditioning products into the era of light panels. The glossy panel series of household air conditioner products did not appear for the first time in 2005. The first brand of domestic air conditioner manufacturers to launch glossy panel series products was TCL. In 2001, TCL air conditioners launched its new "Xiao Feng Xia" series of air conditioners. For the first time, this series of air conditioners promoted smooth panels and large circulation air ducts as selling points. The so-called large circulation air path refers to designing the air inlet of the indoor unit at a certain position, using the upper air inlet and lower air outlet method to increase the air circulation radius and form a large circulation air path, thereby strengthening indoor air convection and speeding up the heat exchange speed. . In 2001, TCL air conditioner launched the "Xiao Feng Xia" series, the earliest representative product of light panel air conditioners. The large circulation air duct is a technical feature of the "Xiao Feng Xia" series and an important selling point of light panel products. TCL's move in that year It did not receive a positive response from the industry and market, but it provided a development idea for household air conditioner products. In the following years, some air conditioner factories successively launched their own series of light panel air conditioners. Light panel air conditioners from LG, Samsung, Sharp, Midea, Chunlan, Yongle and other factories were launched sporadically in 2003, and in 2004 This phenomenon intensified every year, and by 2005 it became a trend. Judging from the new products launched by various factories in 2006, air conditioners with light panels have become dominant. Compared with grille panels, light panel products pay more attention to the fashion and modern appearance. The leap from grille panels to light panels is not only an improvement in appearance, but also a change in product technology. The top air inlet and bottom air outlet of the light panel cabinet machine has replaced the original front air inlet and bottom air outlet circulating air path, and the side air inlet or air inlet opening and closing design of the light panel cabinet machine has gradually become different from the original traditional bottom air inlet and top outlet. The air circulation path is completely consistent with the design trend of main cabinet products.
The sudden rise of color panels
In the domestic air-conditioning market, introducing color into the design of air-conditioning panels and forming a traditional style is the pioneering work of Korean brands Samsung and LG. In 2002, the colorful panels of Samsung's new air-conditioning cabinet "Style" series of the year made the entire air-conditioning industry shine. Especially under the "white" cover of other brands without exception, Samsung's color panel cabinets The machine is particularly eye-catching. In the following years, both Samsung and LG launched new home air conditioners with color panels. Meanwhile, other factories began to follow suit. By 2005, most factories had color panel products on the market; moreover, the color types of panels began to become more colorful, and many of the color panel products are classics, such as Haier's color screen dual new style, Gree's Tian Li, Zhigao's Huahaoyueyuan, TCL's Junlan series and Heidina series, etc.
In 2006, the factory became more bold and bold in the development and promotion of color panel products. Galanz even applied for a patent for the color panel air conditioner. Judging from the new products now on the market, there are very few single white products. Home air conditioners are evolving in the opposite direction from traditional white appliances. The technological development of household air-conditioning products has always been controversial. The three major technological development trends of frequency conversion, energy saving and environmental protection lack the market foundation to support their large-scale breakthrough in the current industry environment. In other words, it is difficult for household air-conditioning products to pass the revolutionary technological innovation to create new demands. On the contrary, changes in product appearance brought about by fine-tuning of technology are becoming an irresistible trend, and the reason why this trend can become a reality is consistent with the changes in people's living environment and aesthetic concepts in the new era; Moreover, , for factories, the cost of changing the appearance of products is not very high. However, it needs to be reminded that from the perspective of the technological development trend of household air conditioners, changes in appearance are not the mainstream of technological development. It is just an improvement in technology. More importantly, in recent years, the quality problems of air conditioning products have become more and more serious. The more serious it is.
Edit this paragraph Emerging air conditioning systems: ground source heat pump
Ground source heat pump is a form of water source heat pump. It uses water and ground energy (groundwater, soil or surface Water) performs cold and heat exchange as the cold and heat source of the water source heat pump. In winter, the heat in the ground energy is "taken out" to supply indoor heating. At this time, the ground energy is the "heat source"; in the summer, the indoor heat is taken out and released to the groundwater. , soil or surface water, the ground can be a "cold source" at this time. The ground source heat pump heating and air conditioning system is mainly divided into three parts: outdoor ground energy heat exchange system, water source heat pump unit and indoor heating and air conditioning terminal system. There are two main types of water source heat pumps: water-water type or water-air type. The heat transfer between the three systems relies on water or air heat exchange medium. The heat exchange medium between the water source heat pump and the ground energy is water, and the heat exchange medium with the building heating and air conditioning terminal. Ground source heat pump air conditioning saves 30% more energy than traditional air conditioning As an important means, experts suggest that during peak power consumption, if the air conditioner is raised by 1°C above the accustomed temperature, 10% of the power load can be saved; using the sleep function of the air conditioner can save 20% of power. If the air-conditioning temperature of a 300-room hotel is increased by 1°C, the electricity problem of dozens of households will be solved. For every 1 kilowatt hour of electricity saved, 0.4 kilogram of standard coal, 4 liters of purified water, and 0.272 kilogram of carbon dust, 0.997 kilogram of carbon dioxide, and 0.03 kilogram of sulfur dioxide are saved. Not to mention saving electricity by starting with the "power-consuming" air conditioner, which not only saves energy, but also saves considerable money. Scientific experiments have proven that the indoor temperature that the human body feels comfortable is 24℃-28℃ in summer and 18℃-22℃ in winter. When the relative humidity of the air is 50% and the temperature is 25°C, the human body feels the most comfortable. You can refer to the following methods. The first tip: Don’t blindly covet the low temperature of the air conditioner. Just set the air conditioner temperature appropriately. Because when the air conditioner is cooling, raising the set temperature by 2℃ can save 20% of electricity. Experts say that if you are sitting quietly or doing light work, For people, the acceptable indoor temperature is generally between 27℃-28℃, so at this time, you can set the air conditioner to sleep mode, which can also save electricity. The second tip: Choose an air conditioner with moderate cooling power. An air conditioner with insufficient cooling power will not only fail to provide sufficient cooling effect, but also will shorten the service life of the air conditioner and increase the possibility of air conditioner failure due to long-term uninterrupted operation. So is it necessarily better to choose an air conditioner with greater cooling power? Not really. According to reports, if the cooling power of the air conditioner is too large, the thermostat of the air conditioner will switch on and off too frequently, resulting in increased wear and tear on the air conditioner compressor; at the same time, it will also cause an increase in the power consumption of the air conditioner. The third trick: close the doors and windows when turning on the air conditioner. Do not open the door frequently in air-conditioned rooms to reduce the penetration of hot air. At the same time, for air conditioners and window air conditioners with ventilation functions, if there is no odor in the room, you can ventilate without opening the damper, which can save 5-8% of energy.
Edit this paragraph to purchase and install air conditioners
5 steps to purchase and install home central air conditioners Step 1: To determine the host model, first consider the area and orientation of the house to see if there is a large area glass windows to calculate the maximum simultaneous use factor of the air conditioner. Generally speaking, in an ordinary home environment, the cooling capacity required for actual use is often not the combined cooling capacity of all rooms, but lower than the latter. The former only needs to reach about 60 to 70 of the latter. This saves investment and avoids unnecessary waste. The actual cooling capacity required in a room can be calculated by the following formula: Actual cooling area = building area × housing utility rate × 65 (excluding non-cooling areas such as kitchens and bathrooms) Actual cooling capacity = actual cooling area Step 2: Determine the indoor unit and air outlet. Determine the model based on the actual required cooling capacity. Each room or hall only needs one indoor unit or air outlet. If the living room is large or rectangular, you can add an additional indoor unit. machine or air outlet. About one horse is required for every 12 square meters. Step 3: Determine the layout of the air conditioner: 1. The location of the main unit must have good ventilation and heat dissipation to facilitate maintenance and repair. At the same time, the location must be as hidden as possible to avoid affecting the appearance of the house and causing noise to affect the interior; 2. The location of the indoor unit must match the indoor decoration layout. , usually hidden in the ceiling, or on the top of a tall cabinet. Generally, indoor units are ultra-thin and only require a height of about 25 centimeters to be placed. When installing, pay attention to good return air to circulate indoor air to ensure air conditioning effect and air quality.