18.3.1 The government and urban residents should play different roles in water conservation
Long-term residents are affected by the traditional concept of "inexhaustible water resources, inexhaustible", the concept of cherishing and protecting water resources is weak, and the residents do not yet have the habit of reuse of household wastewater. Before the residents reach the habit of water conservation, it is necessary for the government to restrain the residents' water consumption behavior through its own function (other law). This will not only reduce the pressure on urban water use, but also help residents to form the concept of water conservation. The government in this regard can be utilized administrative means such as the provision of urban residents of water quotas, over the quota of water use progressive price increases; increase the price of water and sewage charges to promote the reduction of sewage discharge and water conservation, the implementation of water conservation incentive system, the development of water-saving new technologies to give incentives to the improvement of the old process, the promotion of water-saving new processes to give economic support, etc. [3]. But most fundamentally, it is still necessary to develop the residents' awareness of self-discipline in water conservation. The government in addition to the use of a variety of media, advertising, columns for publicity, but also can be held in various forms and various scales of the exhibition, or organization of enterprises and institutions, in each unit and each community to hold some small exhibitions, to achieve a household name, everyone knows the purpose. At the same time should also be in the primary and secondary school teaching materials to increase the protection of water resources and water conservation content, so that young people from a young age to establish a sense of protection and conservation of water resources [4].
To further rationalize and gradually increase the price of urban water supply, improve the sewage treatment charges, in order to promote the purpose of sewage discharge reduction and water conservation. In particular, the current urban water supply prices are still generally low, timely and reasonable adjustment of water prices is very necessary. In the process of adjusting and reforming the price of water in various places, we should, as soon as possible, according to the actual situation in the region, organize the development of urban water supply price management methods for the implementation of the rules, the establishment of a water price formation mechanism in line with the requirements of the socialist market economy, and scientifically regulate the management of urban water prices. In the adjustment and rationalization of water prices at the same time, to speed up the reform of the water supply and drainage industry and enterprise system, the introduction of market mechanisms, reduce costs, strengthen management and improve the efficiency of water utilization.
18.3.2 Increase the management of urban water pollution
Maintaining the natural form of the river and maintaining good water quality is related to the provision of a good living environment for urban residents, and provide a guarantee for the sustainable development of the city and other issues. There are many ways to control urban water pollution, among them, measures to avoid urban river "gully" is essential. First, in the case of financial resources permit, and gradually establish a self-contained urban sewage system, built sewage treatment centers, to change the river as sewage ditch directly into the sewage phenomenon; second is to rectify the landscape on both sides of the river Chung, demolition of unauthorized building, relocation of heavily polluting enterprises, remediation should pay attention to the preservation of the river's original form, to avoid loss of self-purifying ability of the riverbed cement hard bottom; third, on this basis, the publicity of the residents to the benefits of maintaining a beautiful view of the river, to maintain a beautiful view of the river, to avoid the loss of self-purifying ability. The third is on this basis, to the general public to maintain the benefits of the river beautiful landscape, expand the scope of urban door-to-door garbage collection, while adopting supporting penalties, so that the public gradually enhance the awareness of environmental protection [5].
In response to the serious problem of industrial wastewater discharges along the Meijiang River, the Meizhou municipal government has increased its management efforts, demolishing and relocating a number of polluting enterprises, such as the former Meixian Dongfeng Cement Plant and Meixian Iron and Steel Plant. The paper industry ordered rectification, requiring it to take the road of clean production, stop making their own pulp. 2003 the city implemented 11 industrial wastewater treatment projects, completed the investment amount of 1.28 million yuan, the completion of 7 wastewater treatment projects, new treatment of wastewater capacity of 3020t / d
Data provided by the Meizhou City, south of the Jiangnan Sewage Treatment Plant.
. In order to avoid taking the old road of polluting first and treating later, the government has increased its efforts to clean the Meijiang River. in March 2004, the city's Jiangnan Sewage Treatment Plant (Fig. 18.3), with a total investment of 65 million yuan, was put into operation, and in that year*** it treated 7,720,000t of wastewater, of which 5,140,000t of sewage was domestic sewage, with a treatment rate of 30.6%; the wastewater treatment plants of Taipo, Xingning, and Fengshun have been started to be constructed and the total accumulated Invested 22.73 million yuan; Meicheng continue to carry out driving oil recycling management, since last year, recycling of urban food and beverage industry row waste oil more than 150t, greatly reducing the wastewater pollution load, to protect the water quality of the Meijiang River system; in the protection of water resources, the city delineated a water source primary protection zone 37, with an area of 314.69km2, of which Qingliangshan Reservoir drinking water source protection zone covers an area of 109km2Meizhou Daily (2005-06-05).
.Overall, urban sewage treatment in Meizhou is still far from enough. First of all, must improve the efficiency of Jiangnan sewage treatment plant, to avoid repeating some domestic sewage treatment plant "sunshine" of the same mistake; Secondly, speed up the Jiangbei sewage treatment plant site selection and construction, improve the sewage treatment rate of the whole city; Again, as soon as possible to improve the counties (cities, districts) of the sewage treatment system; Fourthly, to strictly implement the "on the Rectification of Meizhou city catering industry sewage oil smoke pollution notice" in the relevant provisions of the administrative department of environmental protection, should effectively fulfill their responsibilities to strengthen the supervision and management of pollution prevention and control; Fifth, industry and commerce, health, planning and urban construction and other relevant functional departments, should be in accordance with their respective responsibilities, in collaboration with the administrative department of environmental protection on the discharge of sewage, oil smoke pollution.
18.3.3 Strengthen the management of groundwater resources
The development, utilization and protection of groundwater is not only a resource management issue, but also a planning and construction issue, which is closely related to urban development. The layout of the water wells, wells must be determined in line with urban planning requirements, at the same time, to strictly control the amount of mining, to prevent ground subsidence, in this regard, Meizhou City has a precedent. Such as August 20, 2004, Wuhua County, double the head of the town due to rapid changes in groundwater level triggered large-scale subsidence, destroyed houses, stores 725, of which nearly 200 houses are seriously damaged, destroyed 2.1km of highway, two small bridges, 8 subsidence, the number of affected households for 445, the number of people affected by the disaster is 2,611 people, the direct economic losses amounted to 155 million yuan
"Meizhou Daily" (2004-08-21) (2004-08-21).
.Groundwater is a relatively high-quality water source, should be mainly urban living water, in the urban public **** water supply can be reached in the area, should not develop self-supply of water, should be strictly controlled and gradually reduce the amount of self-supply of water extraction and gradually close the self-supply of wells. Groundwater extraction for the car wash industry should be strictly managed to prevent resource loss. For areas where surface water is available, groundwater should be used as a strategic reserve or a second source of water for the city on the basis of ensuring a balance between extraction and replenishment (Figure 18.3).
Figure 18.3 Jiangnan Wastewater Treatment Plant, Meizhou City
18.3.4 Exploring Secondary Recycling and Utilization of Wastewater
Reutilization of urban wastewater has been the focus of many experts and scholars' discussions on how to solve the problem of strained water use in cities in recent years. Eighty percent of urban water supply is transformed into sewage, of which 70% can be recycled again after collection and treatment. This means that through sewage reuse, the water available to the town can be increased by more than 50% while the existing water supply remains unchanged [6]. For Maejo, a 50% increase in water availability means that the expenditure on water supply projects can be reduced and the possible shortage of water resources in the coming years can be alleviated, and it is also an important manifestation of adherence to the sustainable development of water resources.
The non-potable water that can be reused within a certain range after the treatment of domestic wastewater to meet the required water quality standards is usually called water [7]. Water can be widely used in: first, as a low-quality water source. Industrial wastewater can be treated to replace fresh water as a low-quality water source, such as cooling water for thermal power plants. Second, for irrigation. Agriculture does not require high quality of water, and wastewater can be used for farm irrigation and garden irrigation after regeneration treatment. Thirdly, it is used for part of daily urban water use. Treated wastewater can also be used as a water source that does not come into direct contact with the human body. Such as flushing toilets, watering flowers, flushing cars, urban water landscaping and so on.
Urban sewage is also a resource, with the construction and development of sewage treatment facilities, the amount of urban sewage treatment increased year by year, the issue of resourcefulness of sewage should be mentioned on the important agenda. First of all, integrated planning, according to local conditions, take the centralized and decentralized combination of ways to economically and rationally determine the construction scale of sewage reuse facilities and treatment processes. Secondly, treated sewage can be utilized for some industrial water and water for municipal, environmental sanitation and ecological landscaping. The problem of insufficient water resources should be comprehensively planned and integrated with a strategic perspective. Thirdly, on the basis of integrated water resources planning, a comprehensive economic and technical comparison should be made between long-distance water transfer and reuse of treated sewage, so as to make more economical and rational use of existing water resources. Fourth, to scientifically determine the order of water supply sources, so that the first surface water, then groundwater, first local water, then transit water.
While the promotion of sewage resourcing in Meicheng still exists in the technical, financial and other conditions of the limitations, but the development and use of water resources, is the solution to the future of Meicheng water pressure, alleviate the problem of water resources in urban areas of a powerful means of the city's future management of water is still very much of a guiding significance.