Strengthen the management of blood donors and blood products
This is to prevent the occurrence of post-transfusion hepatitis. Sensitive detection methods should be used to screen blood donors, blood and blood products. Hepatitis B patients and pathogen carriers are prohibited from donating blood. It is prohibited to sell and use hepatitis B virus surface antigen-positive blood products. Unscreened whole blood may be potentially dangerous. Blood products must not be used for clinical treatment. Medical units must conscientiously conduct supervision and inspection of post-transfusion hepatitis, keep detailed records of all blood donors for each case, and notify the blood bank of the list of possible hepatitis B virus carriers to draw attention.
Medical institutions should vigorously promote voluntary blood donation, put an end to the phenomenon of "blood selling", and try to reduce the occurrence of various blood-borne infectious diseases, including hepatitis B, as much as possible.
1. To prevent nosocomial transmission
Disposable syringes can be implemented in medical institutions and a strict disinfection and isolation system can be established. Medical and preventive injections should be carried out with one needle and one tube per person. Various medical instruments and utensils, such as blood collection needles, acupuncture needles, surgical instruments, scratching needles, probes, endoscopes, dental instruments, etc., should be sterilized once used. . In order to prevent patients' blood and various other body fluids from contaminating hospital equipment and instruments, strict disinfection must be carried out. Drug addicts, especially intravenous drug addicts, must strictly detoxify.
2. Prevent close contact transmission mainly through sexual transmission
When it is confirmed that a spouse or sexual partner is a hepatitis B patient or virus carrier, the healthy partner should be vaccinated against hepatitis B. Wait until protective antibodies (anti-HBS) are produced before having sex. The simplest and most effective prevention method is to wear a condom during sex.
Hepatitis B virus carriers in families, child care institutions, schools and military camps may spread the virus through close contact in daily life. Therefore, members in these families and institutions should be universally vaccinated against hepatitis B virus. And they should be isolated in different classes or rooms with those who are positive for the antigen.
3. Block perinatal transmission from mother to child
Women are hepatitis B patients or pathogen carriers, especially hepatitis B virus replication indicators (hbeag, anti-hbc-igm, Those who are positive for hepatitis B virus should actively undergo anti-hepatitis B virus treatment before pregnancy to suppress or eliminate the virus to minimize or eliminate the chance of mother-to-child transmission.
Newborn babies should be vaccinated against hepatitis B immediately. If the mother is confirmed to be a positive hepatitis B virus replication indicator, the baby must be injected with hepatitis B immune globulin (hbig) within 6 hours of birth, and then receive the hepatitis B vaccine as soon as possible according to the procedure.
4. Vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine to protect susceptible groups
Currently, the main targets of hepatitis B vaccination in my country are newborns and preschool children, who are closely related to hepatitis B patients and pathogen carriers. Contacts (especially sexual contacts), medical and health workers, patients requiring blood transfusions or hemodialysis are temporarily listed next.
5. Do a good job in preventing and disinfecting hepatitis B
Cutting off the transmission route of hepatitis B virus is the best way to prevent hepatitis B. Prevention mainly involves good personal hygiene habits (such as before meals) Wash your hands with running water and soap after defecation), and manage food and beverage entrances (such as not eating suspiciously contaminated raw or cold pastries or heating and disinfecting suspicious foods at high temperatures, etc.). This can be prevented by avoiding close contact with suspected viral hepatitis patients or carriers, isolating and strictly disinfecting daily utensils and eating utensils of viral hepatitis patients or carriers, and using disposable medical equipment for injections and infusions. Cut off the transmission route of viral hepatitis and achieve the purpose of preventing the disease. Of course, suspicious patients should seek medical treatment promptly, and it is also very important to achieve early detection, early treatment, and reduce or even eliminate the source of infection.