Amphibious aircraft may be the most promising in Russian aviation manufacturing. There are indications that the manufacture of amphibious aircraft may become the most promising development direction of Russian aviation manufacturing industry.
Russia is a recognized leader in the field of flying board design and manufacturing. The multi-purpose amphibious aircraft Bie -200 developed by the aviation science and technology complex in Ganrogbereyev, Rasta, Russia, is well known. Bie -200 has obtained airworthiness certificates issued by FAA and JAA, so it can be sold in Russia and exported overseas.
The Bie -200CHS amphibious aircraft recently set eight world records in three days at the 6th "2006 International Water Aviation Exhibition" held in Glengik, Russia. Don't -200CHS amphibious aircraft can also perform passenger missions. In 2008, Russia will build a Bie -200 passenger plane that can carry 68 passengers.
The Asia-Pacific region is a promising market for Russian amphibious aircraft. The total demand in the Asia-Pacific region is 400 Bie -200 aircraft. The export price of $20 million makes Bie -200 an attractive product. In essence, Bie -200 has no competitors in the field of amphibious aircraft. The product CL-4 15, which is most similar to Bie -200, produced by Bombardier Company of Canada, is not as good as Bie -200 in many main performances. In addition, CL-4 15 is also inferior in power and fuel consumption.
Irkutsk Aviation Factory is responsible for the mass production of Bie -200 series aircraft. At present, the main problem is that the factory is busy completing Soviet fighter orders and has no ability to produce amphibious aircraft at all.
Bie-103 light amphibious aircraft also obtained airworthiness certificate. Bie-103 has a rare aerodynamic structure for amphibious aircraft-a lower monoplane with drainage function and water taxiing function. The patent of this concept belongs to the Russian Tagan Rogge Beriyev Aviation Science and Technology Consortium. The realization of this concept greatly improves the stability of the amphibious aircraft's take-off and landing system on the water and improves the navigation performance of the aircraft. Bie-103 can perform tasks such as freight, medical rescue, patrol, ecology, agriculture, etc. Don't-103 aircraft is mass-produced by Amur * * * Qingcheng Gagarin Aviation Production Consortium. The strong interest of foreign airlines in Bie-130 at major international airshows confirmed the demand for BIE-130 in the international market. Russia has signed the first batch of agreements to export other-130 aircraft, including exports to Brazil and Cyprus.
According to the potential demand of the domestic market, the Beriyev Aviation Science and Technology Complex in Taganrog, Russia, has begun to conduct technical research on 24 new multi-purpose amphibious aircraft and 4 light aircraft-10 1.
At the 6th "2006 International Water Aviation Exhibition" held in Glengik, Russia, the Russian Tagan Rogge Beriyev Aviation Science and Technology Complex also showed the model of the overweight water cargo plane Bie -2500 with six engines. Bie -2500 captain115.5m, wingspan 125.5 1 m, maximum takeoff weight of 2,500t, maximum commercial load1000t, and maximum altitude of10000m. Victor Kobchev, general manager of Beriyev Aviation Science and Technology Complex in Taganrog, said that in the near future, with the development of water aviation, this large aircraft will become the main tool for overseas passenger and cargo transportation. A-40 is the world's largest dual-engine turbofan multi-purpose amphibious aircraft, developed by Beriyev Aviation Science and Technology Consortium in Tagan, Russia. The basic use is maritime patrol and passenger and cargo transportation. 1985 started prototype manufacturing,1986 made its first flight in February, and 1987 started mass production. The main types are: A-40 anti-submarine/reconnaissance/mine laying, maritime patrol and search and rescue seaplanes, Bie-12, Bie -40P passenger aircraft, Bie -40PT passenger and cargo aircraft and Bie -42 search and rescue aircraft.
During the development of A-40, the latest research results of Russian aerodynamics and fluid dynamics in 1970s and 1980s were adopted. The conventional double-beam swept wing is adopted, which is equipped with a large-area slotted flap and a full-span leading edge slat. There is a very high lift coefficient when taking off, and it is1.93,2.20 when landing. The wing is a supercritical airfoil with a high aspect ratio (8.66), so it has a high lift-drag ratio, and the lift-drag ratio in cruise state is 16.4. In order to maintain the lateral stability of the plane when taxiing on the water, a small boat was installed at the wing tip.
In order to reduce the aerodynamic drag of the aircraft and the sliding drag ratio when sailing on water, A-40 adopts a streamlined fuselage with large aspect ratio. The nose is conical, the bottom of the front section is W-shaped, and the rear section is V-shaped, which increases the buoyancy of the fuselage and is conducive to taking off from water. There is a watertight structure on the upper part of the fuselage to prevent seawater from infiltrating into the aircraft.
The inclination of the bottom of the A-4O fuselage can be changed, which greatly improves the stability and maneuverability on water and helps to reduce the overload when sliding on waves.
In order to improve the navigation performance of A-40, the pneumatic pitch damper is used as the pitch stabilizer for the first time in the world. The identification shows that the vertical vibration and angular vibration are the largest when the aircraft is in flight, and it takes about 2/3 of the energy to ensure aerodynamic force. The use of pneumatic pitch stabilizer improves the navigation of A-40 by 20% ~ 25%, which can adapt to the sea conditions of 4-5. Therefore, you can slide on the water with a wave height of more than 2 meters. In order to control the direction of sliding on the water surface, an efficient water tank is installed at the bottom of the machine. The landing gear is retractable front three-point, the front landing gear is retracted backward, and the landing gear of the four-wheeled small car is retracted into the large and short cabin below the wing. The main landing gear uses disc brakes with inertial anti-skid devices.
In the field of water machines in the world, the A-40 used the composite power device for the first time. It is equipped with two single D-3OKPV turbofan main engines with thrust of 1 17.7 kN, and two single R-60K turbofan engines with thrust of 24.5 kN (located in the fairing of each turbofan engine bracket) to provide auxiliary power for takeoff. The fuel is packed in the wing torsion box, with a total capacity of 35 100 liter. There is an aerial refueling receiving tube above the nose, which can greatly extend the battery life.
The main airborne equipment includes inertial flight and navigation system, standard communication radio and IFF, navigation, search, reconnaissance and wave height measurement radar, conventional instruments, bombing equipment and optical/television sight.
Size data: wingspan 4 1.62m, wing aspect ratio 8.60, length 43.84m, aircraft height1.07m, wing area 200.00m2, maximum fuselage diameter 3.50m, pressurized part of cabin length 7.90m, and unpressurized part/kloc-.
The weight data shows that the maximum load capacity is 6500 kg, the maximum fuel weight is 35000 g, the maximum takeoff weight is 86000 kg, and the maximum landing weight is 73000 kg (landing) and 85000 kg (landing).
Performance data: the maximum horizontal flight speed is M0.79, the maximum cruising speed is 720km/h, the service ceiling is 9700m, the takeoff distance (to 15m) 1000m, and the pulling -40ing distance (from15m)14l00. The first prototype was delivered in September 1996, 1 1, made its first flight in June 1997, and delivered in June 1998. The main types are: fire fighting, passenger transport, freight transport, rescue and search and rescue. Russian domestic order 1 16, with a basic unit price of $22 million.
design
The overall design of Bie -200 is similar to that of A-40, so some people think that it is only the epitome of A-40 albatross. In appearance, Bie -200 adopts the same general layout as A-40. This machine is a cantilever swept-back monoplane with large aspect ratio. The tail is T-shaped wing, which adopts conventional directional ship and elevator design. Two D-436PT turbofan engines developed by "Progress" Engine Company are installed side by side in the rear upper part of the middle wing, with a single thrust of 73.6 kN. Export models can be equipped with power plants from western countries including BMW-Rolls-Royce BR-7 15 turbofan engines according to users' requirements. The fuselage is an all-metal semi-hard shell structure, and the bottom is a hull design. Two pilots, the cockpit is located above the nose, the passenger plane can carry 64 passengers or 10 ~ 52 first-class and second-class passengers, and the landing gear is the first three points.
perform
Compared with the A-40, the size of the whole aircraft is reduced, the stabilizer floating bucket under the wing moves inward, and the winglet is added at the wing tip. The fully airtight fuselage is said to be unprecedented in the design of amphibious aircraft in the world. Don't -200 also canceled the booster turbojet engine, reducing the fuel load by 22 liters. The front and main landing gears are both two wheels, and the steering deflection angle of the front wheel is +45 degrees to -45 degrees. A number of liquid crystal displays produced by Bendix Company of the United States are installed on the dashboard of the cockpit, and advanced airborne equipment such as MH-5 weather radar and ARIA-200 digital pen navigation system are also injected into the plane.
Dimension data: the wingspan is 32.88m, the captain is 32.05m, the aircraft height is 8.90m, the wing area is 1 1744m 2, the maximum diameter of the fuselage is 2.86m, the cabin length (excluding cockpit) is 17.00m, the maximum width is 2.60m, and the maximum height is/.
Weight data: the maximum fuel weight is 2260kg, the maximum takeoff weight is 36000kg, the maximum airborne weight (after being filled with water) is 43,000 g, and the maximum landing weight (landing or water) is 35000kg.
Performance data: maximum horizontal flight speed MO.69, maximum cruising speed 700km/h, service ceiling 1 1000m, service ceiling (single engine) 5500m, take-off distance (to 15m) 600m on land and/kloc-0 on water. Water 1 100 m, water absorption distance (to 15 m high) 1450 m, voyage (load 4000 kg) 2 100 km, and (with maximum fuel) 4000 km. Bie-103 is an amphibious aircraft jointly developed and produced by Russian Taganrog Beriyev Aviation Science and Technology Consortium and Amur Qingcheng Gagarin Aviation Production Consortium, in which the former is responsible for the structural design and identification flight test of the aircraft, while the latter is responsible for the production of prototypes, batch production of setting machines and maintenance and repair of the aircraft during use.
perform
Bie-103 wingspan12.72m, captain10.65m and height 3.76m.. The maximum fuel load is 245 kg, the take-off weight is 2050 kg, the commercial load is 385 kg, the maximum speed is 265 km/h, the flying height is 500 ~ 3000 m, the half-hour flying distance of five passengers in the aviation fuel reserve is 600 km, and the transition flying distance is 1350 km.
Bie-103 is a lower monoplane with convex teeth at the leading edge of the wing root. The full-motion horizontal tail is installed on the vertical stabilizer and adopts the front three-point landing gear. Bie-103 is different from the traditional amphibious aircraft in design. It realizes the idea of three-point water skiing by leaving the fuselage of the aircraft and sliding on the trailing edges of the left and right wings, thus improving the stability of the aircraft when sliding on the water and improving the navigation performance of the aircraft. It can take off and land on water with water depth of 1.5 meters, length and width of 600 meters and wave height of 0.6 meters, or on cement runway.
Bie-103 is mainly used for short-haul routes, which can be used in Siberia, the Far East, northern Russia and parts of Europe, coastal countries and island countries, and rivers that are difficult to reach by other means of transportation. Lakes and other small areas. It can be used to carry out passenger and cargo transportation, administrative official liaison, emergency medical rescue, emergency rescue, postal service, water ecological monitoring (water samples can be collected when necessary), aerial photography, commercial tourism, forest protection areas and other tasks. Patrol of maritime borders, economic zones, etc. Military can be used for command and reconnaissance, and can also be used for combat if corresponding weapons are installed.