Alloy 400 is a solid solution bimetallic alloy, which has the advantages of high strength, good toughness and resistance to various corrosive environments in a wide temperature range. The working temperature of Ni-Cu 400 can reach 427°C and 538°C in sulfur-free oxidation environment. Moreover, the material also shows excellent mechanical properties in sub-zero environment. The machinability of materials is acceptable, and cold working can strengthen materials.
App application
400 alloy is widely used, mainly in maritime and chemical treatment environment. Its main applications include valves, pumps, pump shafts, transmission shafts, marine fixtures and fasteners, chemical treatment equipment, gasoline tanks, water tanks, crude oil distillation, treatment tanks, pipelines, boiler feed water heaters, heat exchangers, deoxygenating heaters, etc.
chemical composition
rotproofness
The alloy 400 will not produce chloride ion stress corrosion cracks. Generally speaking, the corrosion resistance of 400 alloy is good in reducing environment, but poor in oxidizing environment.
At normal temperature and high temperature, 400 alloy is resistant to many kinds of corrosion, including most alkaline substances, salt, water (including salt water), food, organic matter and so on.
However, this material cannot be used for strong oxidizing acids, such as nitric acid and nitrous acid.
Alloy 400 can tolerate sulfuric acid with a concentration below 80% and hydrochloric acid with a concentration below 20%.
If the medium harmless to the alloy 400 contains oxide impurities such as ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, chromate, nitrate, peroxide and copper salt, the medium will also corrode the alloy 400.
tangible property
Specific gravity:? 8.84
Density:? 0.3 19 lb/in3
Average specific heat (32-2 12 Fahrenheit):? 0. 102 btu/lb/ft
Average coefficient of thermal expansion (70-200 degrees Fahrenheit): 7.70 X 10-6 inches/inch/layer.
Elastic modulus (e)
Tensile state (E) 26.0 X 103 ksi
Torsional modulus? 10.0 X 103 ksi？
Resistance (68 degrees Fahrenheit) 307.0 Ohm-Circuit-mil/ft
Melting distance: 2460 degrees Fahrenheit
Room temperature mechanical properties
heat treatment
Both cold-worked and hot-worked alloys 400 can be annealed or stress-relieved, so as to obtain the required strength and ductility, while reducing deformation caused by machining.
Stress relief treatment
Heat treatment should be carried out in a sulfur-free reducing environment. The annealing temperature range is 704-982°C), but the most commonly used temperature range is 871-982 C. If the annealing temperature is low, such as 740-816 C, the heat treatment time should be extended to reduce grain coarsening.
processability
hot work
The hot working temperature range of 400 alloy is 927-1177 C, and the optimum working temperature is about1093 C. The mechanical properties of the workpiece can be adjusted in a wide range by properly controlling the working ability of cold or hot working and cooperating with appropriate heat treatment.
cold-working
Alloy 400 may also be cold worked. The mechanical properties of the finished product can be adjusted by controlling the cold working amount and selecting the appropriate heat treatment.
Effect of cold working at room temperature on tensile properties
process
All industrial processing tools can process alloy 400. Cold-drawn or cold-drawn stress-relieving materials are more suitable for machining.
weld
The alloy 400 may be welded or brazed, and gas welding or electric welding may be used. When gas welding is used, the flame should be approximately neutral, and the welding can be completed quickly, and rework is not allowed.