People have a wide range of activities, and different places need to adopt different escape methods after a fire. Only by choosing the corresponding escape methods according to the characteristics of different places can we escape from the disaster brought by fire demons when our lives are threatened.
First, escape methods when trapped in a fire at home
When there is a fire at home or the fire, smoke and high temperature near the floor are trapped at home, the best policy is to try every means to escape to the outside and save yourself from the fire. To this end, we should do the following:
1. When opening the door, first touch the door handle with the back of your hand. Don't open the door if the door handle is very hot, or if there is smoke coming out of the door. Touch with the back of your hand first because the metal handle transfers heat faster than the door frame, and the back of your hand will shrink back as soon as it feels hot.
If the door handle is not hot, you can open a crack and see if you can get out. Put your feet under the door to prevent the hot air from rushing the door open. If there is a fire outside the door, opening the door will summon a gust of wind and fuel the fire. Opening doors and windows is like fanning the flames. All doors and windows should be closed as close as possible.
3. Bending forward, the smoke spreads from top to bottom, about 0.9 meters from the ground. Smoke is thin, breathing is easier and vision is clearer.
If the exit is blocked, try to open the window or go to the balcony, and close the balcony door when leaving the balcony.
If you live upstairs, and the floor is not too high from the ground and the landing point is not hard, you can grab the windowsill and put your arm out of the window to shorten the distance from the ground. Although doing so may cause sprains and fractures of limbs, it is an active survival after all. Before jumping, let go of one hand and use this hand and foot to support yourself to jump off the wall. Only when there is really no other way can you jump from a height.
6. If you want to break the window to escape, you can smash the glass with something you can catch (hard objects), clean the broken glass of the window, and then escape along the window. If you really have no choice, close the door, open the window and shout for help. If you ask for help on the balcony, you should close the back door and windows first.
7. If there is no balcony, try to stop the fire from spreading while waiting for rescue. Block the gap between doors and windows with wet cloth to prevent smoke and flame from entering the room, so as not to be burned alive.
8. Pour water on wooden furniture and doors and windows to prevent the fire from spreading. Don't open the door when the adjacent room is on fire. Go out from the window and balcony. If you open the door hastily, hot smoke will take advantage of it and make people suffocate. If you suddenly find a fire while sleeping, don't panic. You should crawl on the ground, because there will be residual fresh air near the ground. Don't breathe, just breathe.
9. In case of fire, if you evacuate with your baby, you can cover your baby's face with a wet cloth, hold it with your hands, run or watch it climb out.
Second, the unit residential fire escape method
Modular residential building is an important place for people to live stably, rest comfortably and survive. After the fire, the specific escape methods are:
1. Use doors and windows to escape. Wrap a quilt, blanket or mattress in water, and tie one end to a door, window, pipe or other solid fixed object with a rope (sheets and curtains can be torn into strips instead), and tie the other end to the ribs and abdomen of the elderly and children, and put it on the ground along the window, so that others can slide down along the rope.
2. Use the balcony to escape. The balconies of adjacent units are connected, which can break the partition and enter another unit to escape. When there are no connected balconies, but the distance between balconies is close, indoor bed boards or door boards can be placed between balconies for bridging.
3. Use space to escape. When the indoor space is large and there are few combustible materials, clean up the indoor combustible materials, clean up the adjacent indoor combustible materials at the same time, and close the doors and windows communicating with the combustion area to prevent smoke and toxic gases from entering and wait for rescue.
4. Use the time difference to escape. When the tunnel is closed by fire, people should first evacuate to the room farthest from the fire, gain time, prepare escape equipment and use doors and windows to escape safely.
5. escape by pipe. When there is a downpipe or water supply pipeline on the wall outside the room, people with ability can use the pipeline to escape. This method is generally not suitable for women, the elderly and children.
Third, the escape method of high-rise building fire
High-rise building fire has the characteristics of fast fire spread and difficult fire extinguishing and evacuation. In a high-rise building fire, trapped people can escape and save themselves by the following methods:
1. Try to use the internal facilities of the building to escape: use fire elevators, smoke-proof stairs, ordinary stairs, closed stairs and viewing stairs to escape; Use balconies, corridors, refuge floors, indoor descending devices, life-saving bags, safety ropes, etc. Escape; Use the downspout near the wall to escape; Connect the sheets or curtains in the room to escape.
2, according to the fire broadcast to escape. High-rise buildings are generally equipped with fire broadcast systems. When a fire breaks out on a certain floor or part of a certain floor, and the fire has spread, don't panic and act blindly, but pay attention to the fire broadcast and the evacuation signals of rescuers, so as to choose the appropriate evacuation route and mode.
3. Self-help, mutual rescue and escape. Use the fire-fighting equipment stored on each floor to extinguish the initial fire. Make full use of things around you to save yourself (such as sheets, curtains, etc.). ). The elderly, the sick and the disabled, pregnant women, children and people unfamiliar with the environment should be guided to evacuate and escape together.
Four, the underground building fire escape method
With the development of society, underground buildings have also developed as an important architectural form, and a large number of underground shopping malls and supermarkets have appeared. Once a fire breaks out in such places, it will bring severe challenges to escape from the fire. The following are several escape methods in case of fire in underground buildings for your reference.
1. When entering the underground building, observe the internal facilities and structural layout, and master the passages and exits, just in case.
2. Try to move as low as possible when you escape, don't take a deep breath, and cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel or clothes as much as possible to prevent smoke from inhaling into the respiratory tract.
3, after fleeing the underground buildings, shall not return to the underground.
4. In case the evacuation passage is blocked, the existing equipment should be used to actively fight and save, and the survival time should be prolonged as much as possible, waiting for rescue.
Five, the subway fire escape method.
With the development of the city, subway has become an indispensable means of transportation in big cities, and subway accidents have been increasing in recent years, among which fires account for a large proportion. How should you escape from the fire when you are on the subway? The following are several escape methods for your reference:
1. If power failure, peculiar smell, smoke and other abnormal conditions are found in the subway car, you should immediately press the emergency alarm device in the car and notify the driver.
Don't panic when the subway is on fire. Stay calm, don't slam the door at will, and don't jump off the track. Wait patiently for the arrival of the station staff. Can use the fire-fighting equipment in the carriage, and can control and extinguish small fires.
3. Pay attention to the signs when evacuating. The subway station will be equipped with emergency lighting.
4. Do personal protection (such as covering your nose with a towel) and evacuate to the ground quickly and orderly according to the instructions of the radio station, the driver and the station staff.
Six, shopping malls (markets) fire escape methods
Shopping malls (bazaars) have many combustible materials, large fire load and high personnel density. Once a fire breaks out, it is difficult to put out the fire and evacuate people, and it is easy to cause heavy casualties. If you want to escape from a fire in a shopping mall (bazaar), you must master the correct escape method.
1, familiar with the environment. When entering unfamiliar environments such as shopping malls, you should pay attention to the positions of fire exits, stairs and safety exits, as well as the positions of fire extinguishers, fire hydrants and alarms, so as to escape from dangerous areas or put out initial fires in time in case of fire, and call the police for help in time when trapped. Only by forming such good habits can we be prepared.
2. Use the evacuation passage to escape. Mainly use the indoor stairs, outdoor stairs or fire elevators set up in shopping malls, especially in the early stage of fire, and use these passages to escape in time.
3, homemade equipment to escape. Mainly use all available items for self-protection and open up evacuation routes.
4. Use buildings to escape. That is, use downspouts, outdoor protruding parts, various doors, windows and lightning protection nets (wires) to escape or transfer.
5. Find a place to hide. Such as waiting for rescue on outdoor balcony and floor platform; Choose rooms where fire and smoke are difficult to enter, close doors and windows, block gaps, or wet combustibles to prevent or slow down the spread of fire and smoke. No matter day or night, trapped people should constantly send out various distress signals to attract the attention of rescuers and be rescued.
Seven, the theater fire escape method.
There are fire evacuation passages, door lights, wall lights, foot lights and other emergency lighting equipment in the theater. White characters on a red background indicate "emergency exit", "exit" or "extraordinary exit" and "emergency exit". In case of fire, the corresponding escape methods should be selected according to different fire parts.
1. When the stage is on fire, stay away from the stage and close to one end of the projection hall to seize the opportunity to escape.
2. When the audience hall is on fire, you can use the exits of the stage, projection hall and audience hall to escape.
No matter where there is a fire, the audience upstairs should evacuate from the evacuation doors and stairs as soon as possible.
4. When the projection hall is on fire, you can use the exits of the stage and audience hall to escape.
In addition, when there is a fire in the theater, the following points should be noted:
A, evacuation personnel should obey the command of the staff in the war zone, and avoid crowding and running around each other, blocking the evacuation passage and affecting the evacuation speed.
B, evacuation, personnel should walk as close as possible to the load-bearing wall or load-bearing components, to prevent falling objects from hurting people. Especially when there is a fire in the audience hall, people should not stay in the center of the theater.
C. some cinemas have installed emergency exhaust buttons. In case of emergency, you can press the button to open the ventilation equipment and discharge the indoor toxic gas.
D, emergency exit door can be forced to open.
Eight, dance halls, KTV rooms fire escape methods.
Because most of the dance halls and KTV rooms are decorated with flammable materials, once a fire breaks out, it is easy to spread and produce a lot of toxic gases, which brings great difficulties to escape from the fire. In addition, these places are generally open at night, customers come in and out at will, the density is high, and the lights are dim, which is easy to cause crowds in fire, resulting in crowded injuries and stampede accidents in chaos. The way to escape is:
1, keep calm and identify the direction of the safety exit. Only by keeping a clear head, recognizing the direction of the safety exit and taking some emergency evacuation measures can we take the initiative to attack and reduce casualties.
2. Flexible choice of various escape methods: If the ballroom is located on the ground floor, you can jump out directly from the door and window; If it is located on the second and third floors, you can grab the window and slide down, so that your feet can land first; If the ballroom is located in a high-rise building or underground building, you should refer to the fire escape method of the high-rise building or underground building to escape.
3. Escape to weak areas and wait for rescue. If the escape passage of the ballroom is blocked by fire and smoke, the auxiliary life-saving facilities can't be found for a while, so the trapped people can only temporarily escape to the area with weak fire and send a rescue signal to the window, waiting for the rescue of firefighters.
4. Pay attention to prevent poisoning when escaping. You can wet your clothes with water to cover your mouth and nose. If you can't find water for a while, you can use drinks instead. In the escape operation, a low profile should be adopted to reduce the harm of smoke to human body.
Nine, shanty towns fire escape method
Shantytowns, also known as simple building areas, refer to the simple houses Group built with combustible materials such as grass, wood, bamboo and linoleum. After the fire broke out, the fire spread quickly and the smoke spread quickly, so it was very difficult for the trapped people to escape safely. Generally, the following escape methods can be adopted:
1, seize the opportunity to escape from the room. The room area in shanty towns is small. After the fire, we must seize the opportunity to escape from the room and retreat to a safer place. We must not delay the opportunity by saving property.
2. Choose the correct escape route. When the fire escapes from the roof and the house shows signs of collapse, it is best to escape from the room along the load-bearing wall. When people living in the attic escape, their front feet should be empty and their feet should be firm, so as to avoid falling and being injured because the attic is burned out and their feet are empty.
3, the body will be dealt with when it is on fire. When your body is on fire, never run with it. You should try to take off your clothes. If you can't take them off for a while, you can tear them off, roll on the ground, put out the flames, try to get wet, or jump into a nearby pool.
4. escape from the fire and choose the wind direction. For the large-scale burning fire, although you escaped from the room, you were still surrounded by the fire. Don't panic at this time, retreat to a safer open space, choose the windward direction to escape, try to reduce breathing, and pay attention to avoiding the collapse of the house and hurting yourself.
5. Save your life and money. A fire broke out in shanty towns, which spread very fast and the chance of escape was fleeting. Therefore, when fleeing from the fire, we must be calm and decisive, and take life as the principle. Under this premise, we can recover our property.
Ten, clothing processing factory fire escape method
Clothing processing plants generally mainly process cotton, wool, hemp, silk and chemical fiber, and carry out textile, printing and dyeing and clothing processing. There are many combustibles, which are easy to spread quickly after a fire. Clothing processing factory has a large space, many doors and windows, and employees are familiar with the surrounding environment. In the event of a fire, they should keep a clear head, don't panic, and use all channels to evacuate in an orderly manner.
1. If you find a fire, call the police first. Once a fire breaks out, immediately organize to put out the initial fire, give an alarm to the fire brigade in time, and use various evacuation passages to escape if necessary.
2. In case of fire, flee nearby. Use the nearest doors and windows to escape. If the doors and windows are closed or locked, they should be removed immediately to escape.
3. Use the downspout to escape. After the fire broke out, all the passages were blocked, but there was no certainty of survival after jumping off the building, so we chose the downspout outside the building to escape. The cloth tied a rope to escape. Connect the finished cloth or packaging belt into a long belt, one end of which is fixed on the solid door and window assembly, and the other end is thrown on the ground to escape.
4. Use the fire hose to escape. Connect the fire hose to the fire hydrant or fix the hose to other solid parts, and throw the other end on the ground to escape.
If the second and third floors are on fire, throw the indoor quilts and clothes on the ground outside the wall, pile them together, and then slide down the wall on the quilts and clothes thrown in advance.
6. If there is no other way to escape, the trapped person should walk along the stairs to the platform, stand in a more eye-catching position and shout for help.
Eleven, passenger ship fire escape method.
When the passenger ship is on fire, you can't run around with people who are out of control. Waiting for someone else's rescue will also delay the escape time. The effective way is to save yourself or help the other person escape. When you are trapped on a passenger ship and caught fire, you can take the following escape methods:
Use the internal facilities of passenger ships to escape.
Use inner stairs, outer stairs and corridors to escape.
Use the escape hole to escape.
Use life-saving equipment such as lifeboats to escape.
Use cables to escape.
But people in different areas and under different circumstances have different escape methods:
1. When the engine room of a passenger ship catches fire during the voyage, the engine room personnel can use the manhole from the stern cabin to the upper deck to escape. The crew on board shall guide the passengers on board to evacuate to the front, tail and open deck of the passenger ship. When necessary, they can use lifelines and ladders to escape into the water or ships that come to rescue, or they can put on life jackets and jump into the water to escape. If the fire spreads and the walkway is blocked, people who have no time to escape can close the door to prevent smoke and flames from invading. You can also jump into the water in an emergency.
2. When a certain floor in the front of the passenger ship catches fire and has not spread to the engine room, emergency landing or self-grounding measures should be taken to keep the hull in a relatively stable state. People trapped by fire should quickly evacuate to the main deck and open deck, and then escape to the water and rescue ships and shore with the help of life-saving equipment.
3. When a cabin of a passenger ship is on fire, the cabin door should be closed after the cabin personnel escape to prevent the fire from spreading and remind the passengers in the adjacent cabin to evacuate quickly. If the fire has escaped from the sealed inner corridor, passengers in adjacent rooms should close the doors of the inner corridor and escape from the doors leading to the left and right sides of the ship.
When the fire on the ship blocks the stairs leading to the open air, so that people on the floors above the fire floor cannot evacuate downwards, the trapped people can evacuate to the top floor, then throw down the rope and escape down along the rope. In a word, passenger ship fire escape is different from land fire escape, and it should be decided according to the objective conditions at that time to avoid and reduce unnecessary casualties as much as possible.
Twelve, the train fire escape method
The fire characteristics of passenger trains are as follows: First, it is easy to cause casualties. Second, it is easy to form a fire dragon. Third, it is easy to cause rapid spread around. Fourth, it is easy to produce toxic gases. The escape methods of passenger train fire are:
Use the facilities in the car to escape.
When there is a train fire, the trapped people can escape from the fire through the interconnected passage of the carriage. When the passage is blocked (there are automatic doors or manual doors between adjacent cars), you can smash the glass window with hard objects and escape from the fire.
In case of train fire, the flight attendants should quickly pull down the emergency brake to stop the train, and organize manpower to quickly open all doors and windows to help the trapped people who have not escaped from the train evacuate.
Take off the hook and evacuate the car. When a passenger train fires on the way or stops, which threatens the adjacent carriages, the unhooking method should be adopted to evacuate the unlit carriages. The specific method is as follows:
When the front car or the middle car catches fire, stop and remove the connecting hook between the rear burning car and the unburned car, wait for Xiangqian Che to pull for a certain distance, remove the hook between the burning car and the front car, and then tow the car to a safe place.
When the rear compartment is on fire, after stopping, remove the hook connected between the burning compartment and the non-burning compartment, and then use the locomotive to pull the non-burning compartment to a safe place.
Precautions:
A, when the fire in the burning car is not big, the train crew should inform passengers not to open the doors and windows of the car, so as to avoid a lot of fresh air entering and accelerate the spread of the fire.
B, organize passengers to use the fire-fighting equipment on the train to put out the fire, and orderly guide the trapped people to evacuate from the front and rear doors of the car to the adjacent cars.
C. When the car is full of smoke, tell the trapped person to walk low-key and flee to the outside of the car or the neighboring car.
D, when the car fire is bigger, should try to break the window to escape.
E. When the car is evacuated by decoupling, it should be carried out on a flat road. In the section where the car is easy to slip, you can pad the wheels with hard objects to prevent the car from slipping.
Thirteen, the escape method in case of bus fire.
Bus is an indispensable means of transportation in people's lives, and its biggest feature is the large number of people. In case of fire, we should take the following measures to save ourselves:
1. When the engine is on fire, the driver should open the door and let the passengers off. Then, organize passengers to put out the flames with fire extinguishers in the car.
2. If the fire is in the middle of the car, the driver opens the door and lets the passengers get off from the two doors in an orderly way. It is very important to protect the cab and fuel tank during fire fighting.
If the flame is small but the door is blocked, passengers can cover their heads with clothes and rush down from the door.
If the door line is damaged by fire and cannot be opened, passengers should break the nearest window and get off.
5, to carry out self-help and mutual rescue escape methods.
In case of fire, if passengers' clothes catch fire, don't panic and take the following measures calmly:
A. If you have time to take off your clothes, you can take them off quickly and stamp out the fire with your feet.
B, if it's too late to take off your clothes, you can roll on the spot and roll out the fire.
C. If you find someone else's clothes on fire, you can take off your own clothes or put out the fire on others with another cloth. Don't run around or spray with a fire extinguisher.
Fourteen, escape methods in forest fires
Don't panic when you are trapped in a forest or suburban fire. Here are some good ways to help you escape:
1, looking for a safe area. When you are surrounded by fire in the forest, you should first find a safe place to avoid the fire. The best way is to enter the area where the land is burned, the vegetation is less and the flame is low. In these places, fire usually cannot be swept in.
2, ignition self-help. When a fire breaks out and it is too late to escape, the surrounding trees, weeds and other combustible materials should be quickly ignited and burned to form an open space so that the flame cannot get close. You should choose a relatively flat place, light a downwind fire, hit the fire on both sides, enter the open space formed by the fire along the direction of the fire head, and avoid the fire.
3. It is easy to avoid danger. In case of danger, you should lie down in a place with less vegetation nearby, with your feet facing the direction of the fire, pull open the floating soil until you see wet soil, bury your face in the pit, wrap your head with clothes and put your hands in front of your body.
4. break the wind. When the wind is facing you and the fire is coming at you, but you can't escape the speed of the fire downwind, you should make a decisive decision, choose a place with less grass, wrap your head with clothes, hold your breath and break through the fire. People should be able to break through in 7.5 seconds. Never race against the fire with the wind, only with the fire.
If you are involved in the fire fighting of forest fires, you should pay attention to the following points during the fire fighting:
First, prevent being burned by fire. When the flame swings louder and louder, you should step back and avoid it. The wind has changed, and the fire may come from me. At this time, you should retreat quickly. When you cannot open the gap, you should light a fire to save yourself. When fighting underground fires, don't walk in the fire area to prevent falling into the fire area.
B, prevent scratches. Always pay attention to the burning trees near the fire line falling and hurting people, and firefighters should always remind each other.
C, to prevent electric shock injury. Fire extinguishers should be far away from telephone poles in forest areas, especially high-voltage transmission lines, to prevent wires (poles) from falling down and injuring people due to fire.
D, prevent eye injuries. People walking in front should not break branches with their hands at will to prevent people behind from stabbing their faces and eyes.
Fifteen, the escape method of tunnel fire
2 1 century is the era of great development of tunnels and underground spaces. The opening of underground tunnels has shortened people's travel mileage and won valuable time. However, people must be soberly aware that at present, the legislation of tunnel fire prevention at home and abroad is not perfect, the conditions of tunnel fire prevention are not ideal, and tunnel fires occur from time to time, which poses a great threat to people's lives and property safety. Therefore, when you take a bus or ride through an expressway tunnel and find that there is abnormal fire and smoke ahead, and you can accurately judge that there is a fire, you should immediately brake, be careful not to let the car slide, close the doors and windows, don't lock them, put the keys in the car and escape as soon as possible.
1, seeking asylum. There are shelters or safe passages in the tunnel. Once a fire breaks out in the tunnel, you can find the nearest shelter or escape from the fire from the nearest safe passage.
2. It is forbidden to take refuge in the car. In the tunnel fire, the fire developed and spread quickly. In case of fire, don't take chances. Get off the bus and escape immediately to avoid unnecessary losses.
Sixteen, personal fire?
It is difficult to avoid people not catching fire in a fire. Once a fire breaks out, people often panic, don't know how to deal with it, and run around blindly, so that the fire is not put out, but it gets worse and worse, causing irreparable casualties. What if people are on fire? The following effective treatment methods are for your reference:
1, you can't run, you have to roll on the spot.
2. If conditions permit, you can quickly tear off the burning clothes, immerse them in water, beat them, trample them, or put them out with a fire extinguisher and water.
3. If there are rivers, ponds and pools nearby, you can quickly jump into shallow water, but if the burned area is too large or too deep, you can't jump into the water to prevent bacterial infection or other accidents.
4. If there are more than two people present, those who are not on fire should calm down and immediately cover, pounce, beat or help tear clothes with sacks, clothes and brooms. Or wrap people on fire in wet sacks and blankets.
Put it out with water, but it should be noted that it is not advisable to spray it directly on people with a fire extinguisher.