Practice shows that the management of civil defense projects, there are certain problems exist, these problems are mainly manifested in the following aspects, namely:
1.1 in the structural construction (reinforcing steel and concrete pouring), the lack of normative factors
in the daily quality supervision of civil defense projects, structural construction often Problems manifested in the following aspects, namely:
(1) structural wall, plate thickness H ≤ 700mm, the bottom plate should be set up without the plum-shaped arrangement of tie reinforcement. Reinforcement mesh of the tie is not full tie, especially through the beam and plate reinforcement must be tied with the beam main reinforcement is not in place.
(2) fixed threshold of the concrete is not synchronized with the bottom slab poured, the hoop bar opening should be set not located in the internal direction of the fortification beam of the lower or upper right corner. At the same time, the corner reinforcement of the bottom slab was not tied in place.
(3) The protective door, blocking frame, explosion-proof floor drain and other components were not pre-buried in place, and the anchoring bars on the door frame did not meet the anchoring length.
(4) the practice of pre-buried pipelines crossing the floor does not meet the design requirements, the floor thickness H ≤ 600mm, the pre-buried pipeline crossing the part of the local deepening is not done.
(5) the vertical longitudinal reinforcement of the wall plate of the civil defense project should not have lap. As the shrinkage cracks in the wall are vertical cracks, so the wall reinforcement, horizontal reinforcement are placed on the outside, vertical reinforcement is placed on the inside. The spacing of horizontal reinforcement of the wall should be ≤150㎜. Meanwhile, the vertical reinforcement of the wall of the enclosure structure should be one-time to the top. If not, straight thread connection or electroslag pressure welding can be used, and tie-lap connection shall not be used. And in we found that a lot of on-site construction is wrong and arbitrary.
1.2 and protective confinement requirements there is a certain difference
Personal defense project of the war role and protective confinement requirements, decided it in the construction process is different from the ordinary basement technical requirements and construction process first. We are in the quality supervision process, found in the construction of human defense project structure wall, door frame wall, construction units, supervision units on the construction unit has very few requirements, and in the existing requirements, its requirements are not strict. Even more, there are a lot of construction workers are in accordance with the requirements of the ordinary basement in the construction, such as all the human defense project of the outer wall, the pro-void wall, protective unit partition wall, confined partition wall and other positions of the template fixing application of unused disposable water-stopping steel screws or limit screws.
Individual projects use PVC plastic pipes and through-wall bolts with sleeves. After the whole concrete pouring and demolding, the exposed concrete part is not cut and recessed into the concrete according to the requirements, and sealed with high grade cement mortar, or cut and sealed with cement mortar, resulting in the acceptance of the completion of water seepage from the screw into the area of the human defense.
Again, the position of airtight channel, anti-virus channel and diffusion room of the air defense project should be poured and formed at one time to avoid the phenomenon of secondary pouring, but the site was also found to exist in this part of the practice of setting up after pouring belt. In addition, the air defense basement in the protection unit should not be set up settlement joints, expansion joints, but the way to set up the back pouring belt.
The construction of the backwater belt requires the backwater belt at the reinforcement must be through, and in the direction of the vertical construction of the backwater belt set plate reinforcing steel, increase the reinforcement for the original cross-section of the 1/2, there are beams within the beam to increase the waist, the length of the reinforcement = the backwater belt + 2Lad. specific requirements are: beam height H <500 plus 4 Ф18; beam height H = 500-690 plus 4 Ф18; beam height H = 700-890 plus 6 Ф18; beam height H = 700-890 plus 6 Ф18; beam height H = 700-690 plus 6 Ф18; beam height H = 700-690 plus 6 Ф18; beam height H = 700-690 plus 6 Ф18. Plus 6Ф18; beam height H = 900-1190 plus 8Ф20; beam height H = 1200-1800 plus 8Ф22. However, the construction process, very few construction units can be a one-time to do the right thing, is often our quality supervision and then rectify the problem in place.
1.3 in the various types of pipeline through the wall of the construction of certain problems exist
Although in the construction of civil defense projects, there are relevant provisions, and human defense has nothing to do with the pipeline can not cross the enclosure structure of the civil defense project, however, in the process of quality supervision, but also found that the existence of such a problem. The structure of the enclosure of the human defense, some construction sites do not use regular manufacturers to buy the casing, but also did not set up the corresponding airtight wing ring, practice shows that this problem is very common.
Additionally, in the construction of civil defense projects, there is also a reserved casing is not buried beforehand, after the unauthorized opening of the phenomenon, which gives the quality of the civil defense project has left a great hidden danger. This construction method may not only cause the phenomenon of leakage of the civil defense project, but also affect the protective function of the civil defense project, serious may make the civil defense project in wartime completely lose protective effect.
1.4 The quality of the materials used in the civil defense project is not satisfactory
We found in the quality supervision process, some of the participating units in the process of purchasing equipment and facilities for the civil defense project, in order to be able to save the cost of the construction unit to invest, will be purchased to buy some of the three products or not get the right to sell the special equipment and facilities for the civil defense, to make the best use of the second best, which will lead to the quality of the equipment and facilities of the human security project. However, the quality of human defense equipment and facilities, affecting the overall quality of the construction of human defense projects, leaving great security risks. This situation will inevitably lead to rectification, rework, to some extent, not only will not save the cost of construction investment, but also affect the corporate image of the construction unit.
2 Strengthen the effective countermeasures for quality supervision of civil defense engineering
In general, the construction of civil defense engineering is a construction project with strong professionalism, and the construction must ensure that it can match the wartime functional requirements. However, many professional construction personnel and management personnel in the construction and management do not pay attention to, and even on the human defense engineering profession is not in the field.
Construction is easy to follow the general basement construction standards for construction, and construction of low professionalism, it is easy to bring negative impact on the quality of human defense construction. As shown in Figure 1, the figure for the quality of human defense project supervision flow chart, as can be seen from the figure, in the quality supervision of human defense project construction needs to be in accordance with the quality of supervision process supervision, in order to effectively enhance the efficiency of the implementation of the quality of supervision of human defense project.
2.1 Improve the quality supervision of human defense engineering
To continuously improve the implementation of quality supervision of human defense engineering, to ensure that quality supervision personnel can be competent, which is to ensure that the quality of human defense engineering is an important factor. To this end, the quality of human defense project supervision personnel need to have a certain quality of work, and constantly improve their own business quality, and constantly improve the quality of quality supervision personnel professional moral quality.
First of all, the quality supervision personnel need to strengthen their own learning, mastering the national and local laws and regulations, and really do "must follow the law, the law enforcement must be strict", with the form of the law to improve the quality supervision of the human defense project supervision so as to provide a certain guarantee for the supervision of the quality of the human defense project. Secondly, the quality supervision personnel need to improve their own moral quality, to ensure that the quality supervision personnel themselves have good professional conduct. In this way, it can provide a certain guarantee for the implementation of quality supervision.
2.2 Strengthen the technical training
and the implementation of the education of human defense units and other departments for the quality management of human defense projects, the construction of human defense units is the most direct determinants, especially the level of responsibility of the human defense construction personnel and the construction technology is good or bad, it will bring a certain degree of impact on the quality of human defense projects. To this end, the quality supervision agency should fully play its leading role, the person in charge of the construction of human defense project participating units regularly organize training, guidance on the construction process of human defense project points and problems, accept the views of the trained personnel, and through the views of the proposed, timely summary, and constantly improve.
The quality supervision department and the relationship between the construction unit of the human defense project is the quality supervision and supervision of the relationship. For the government quality supervision department, the construction unit can not observe the level of efficiency and technical parameters, how to better quality supervision, it is recommended that the use of incentives, according to the results of the supervision of the supervision policy adjustments and supervision of the fee incentives (quality supervision rate of how much, set in a certain range, according to the results of the supervision of the construction of the human defense project, charging a different rate). The development of effective incentive programs, so that construction units in order to maximize their own interests to take positive quality supervision strategy, so as to achieve the quality of human defense projects to maximize the social benefits.
2.3 Emphasis on the implementation of quality control of human defense equipment and facilities
In the construction of human defense project quality, human defense equipment and facilities as one of the most important components, in the completion of the acceptance, are often found to exist certain problems, such as filtration and absorption and ventilation ducts are not installed in place between the pipe, exhaust gas detection pipe, differential pressure measurement pipe is missing, explosion-proof floor drain elevation is not correct, EPS is not installed, some parts of the equipment and facilities such as overpressure exhaust valve weights are stolen and so on. For this reason, the staff should give high priority to the implementation of quality control of human defense equipment and facilities, and at the same time do a good job of anti-theft work, for all aspects of the human defense project to provide effective quality assurance.
2.4 Strictly require the construction team to carry out construction in accordance with the construction drawings
Construction, construction drawings in accordance with the construction is very important. The reason is that the construction drawings of the construction of certain key parts have been given a high degree of importance, and can be constructed in the presence of important construction parts of the construction content of the construction of the construction drawings, for this reason, the construction of the construction to ensure that the construction team construction can be in strict accordance with the construction drawings for construction. In addition, the human defense project construction units need to establish appropriate training courses for construction personnel to carry out regular training, the purpose of which is to enhance the quality of the human defense project construction team personnel, so as to protect the overall quality of the construction of the human defense project.
2.5 Strict requirements for the quality of construction materials
In the construction of civil defense projects, the materials, equipment and facilities used in the construction need to be strictly supervised by professionals, and for the procurement of personnel should also be strict requirements to ensure that the quality of materials and equipment purchased in the procurement of facilities in line with the design of the standard requirements, which purchased civil defense equipment and facilities should also have the corresponding sales qualifications. Qualification. In addition, in the process of material entry, construction units, supervision units, project management units also need to organize professional personnel to check and supervise the entry of materials, multiple gatekeepers. Once found that there are not in line with the provisions of the material to avoid entering the field, so as not to affect the overall quality of the construction of human defense projects.
2.6 Do a good job of peace and war conversion plan
Personal defense project construction, the need for "peace and war" policy effectively combined, for this reason, in order to facilitate the daily use, but also to meet the occurrence of air raids once the air defense function, it is required to require the construction unit in a timely manner to organize the preparation of the peace and war conversion plan In order to facilitate the daily use and to fulfill the air defense function in case of air attack, the construction unit should be required to organize and prepare the conversion plan in time, so that the conversion function can be completed within the specified time. However, many construction units do not recognize this point, ignoring the battlefield conversion work.
When the project is completed and accepted, it will be found that the wartime blocking components of the human defense project is not configured in place, the wartime water tank pipeline is not installed to the appropriate location, the five-level professional team works and medical ambulance works, etc., according to the wartime map of the construction of all in place and other phenomena. In addition, the main beam, pipeline and human defense door "fight", closed channel two doors open and close the "fight" phenomenon and other aspects of the elements should also be fully integrated into the design. Give full consideration to the reasonableness of the design drawings and the construction unit to the degree of knowledge of the design drawings, if the design drawings found to have unreasonable places exist, should be timely advice and written changes issued by the design institute, timely adjustments and changes.
3 Conclusion
This paper mainly focuses on the quality supervision of human defense projects in the problem of certain analysis, clear in the construction of human defense projects, quality supervision in the structure of the construction of the lack of specification requirements and various types of pipeline through the wall of the construction of the problems, construction materials quality is not the problem, if these problems can not be effectively resolved, will certainly give the human defense project, the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the human defense project, the construction of the construction of the construction of the human defense project. If these problems can not be solved effectively, will certainly bring negative impact on the overall construction quality of the human defense project.
To this end, this paper through the analysis of the corresponding measures to ensure that the quality of human defense project supervision work can be more effective implementation, with better protection effect, by improving the quality of quality supervision staff to enhance their own quality, improve their sense of responsibility, and ultimately ensure that the human defense project can maximize the protection of the lives of the people of our country and the safety of property.
The above strengthen the quality supervision countermeasures of the human defense project collected and organized by the Zhongda Consulting
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