Secondly, you must work in the hospital pharmacy department,
Lastly, you must be arranged by the leadership of the pharmacy department to work in the clinical pharmacy under the pharmacy department (pharmacy department).
The clinical pharmacist, with his rich knowledge of modern pharmacy, works together with physicians to provide and design the safest and most reasonable medication program for patients. The clinical pharmacist is the person who plays a key role in helping physicians to rationalize the use of medication and who can assist physicians in prescribing the right medication and the right dosage at the right time for the patient, avoiding the undesirable interactions between medications, and solving the related factors affecting the medication. problems encountered, and plays an important role in the rational use of medication in the clinic. This is difficult to grasp and use the comprehensive knowledge of modern drugs for rational drug use of physicians, the emergence of clinical pharmacists, undoubtedly give them the full use of drugs, to ensure that drug therapy is reasonable, safe and effective to provide a strong guarantee, and rightly so by the clinician's welcome, in the United States a number of large medical centers, generally have a clinical pharmacy service institutions, a physician or several physicians must be equipped with a Clinical pharmacist **** with the work, medical institutions are not allowed to open without the inclusion of clinical pharmacists.
Background clinical pharmacy originated in the United States, when the adverse effects of drugs and pharmacogenetic damage to many patients, families and society brought suffering and heavy burden, this social and patient needs contributed to the birth and development of clinical pharmacy. 1950s to 6Os, the United States first established a clinical pharmacy as an emerging discipline, to the past traditional focus of pharmacy education from the "drug" to the "drug" to the "drug" to the "drug". The focus of traditional pharmacy education was shifted from "medicine" to "people". Hospital pharmacy workers in addition to completing the supply and distribution of drugs and other work, but also to the clinic to participate in the physician's use of drugs, to assist in the clinical selection of drugs, in order to improve the efficacy of treatment, reduce the incidence of toxic side effects. Due to the successful practice of the U.S. pharmacy community, many countries have followed suit to carry out patient-centered pharmacy services to improve the overall level of hospital pharmacy has become an inevitable trend in the development of hospital pharmacy. As a result, two changes have occurred in the field of international pharmacy, on the one hand, the diagnosis-oriented doctors in the selection and use of therapeutic drugs need to help pharmacists; on the other hand, the enhancement of the patient's awareness of self-protection so that they need to know more about the use of these have led to the focus of the pharmacist's work to clinical pharmacy. Clinical pharmacy in developed countries after more than 40 years of development shows that clinical pharmacists involved in the treatment to promote the rational use of drugs, reduce adverse reactions and waste of health resources play a role that can not be ignored. Development status Western developed countries generally in the 1960s began to set up the clinical pharmacy profession, China in 2002 issued a document to gradually establish the clinical pharmacist system. To the United States pharmacy education, for example, in 1957, the implementation of Pharm.D.
Professional education programs, in 1967, the "clinical pharmacy program" students need to be in the clinical internship, in 1974, the provisions of the must be in the clinical internship of 1,500 hours, in 1997, July l4 U.S. Commission on Pharmacy Education Decided: June 1, 2000 the full implementation of Pharm. D. professional education, after 2005 to stop other pharmacy education. After nearly 5O years of development, the U.S. pharmacy is the full development of Pharm.D. professional education. In China, in the 1960s, under the planned economic system of China's drug market system is still unsound, medical drugs of a single species, the preparation of backward production equipment, the lack of professional and technical personnel in pharmacy, hospital pharmacy's task is to ensure that the supply of medicines and to meet the needs of clinical use of drugs. Therefore, although some scholars proposed to carry out clinical pharmacy work as early as more than 40 years ago, the main and objective conditions at that time did not have or allow clinical pharmacy work, until the early 1980s, with the opening and prosperity of the domestic pharmaceutical market, the gradual standardization of drug management, pharmacokinetics, biopharmacy and other emerging disciplines of the setting of the rational use of drugs in hospitals finally gained the attention of the pharmaceutical industry, the Only then did clinical pharmacy work really take off and develop. In more than 20 years, the development of clinical pharmacy in China has made certain achievements: policy support In 1987, the State Ministry of Health approved 12 key hospitals as national clinical pharmacy pilot units; in 1991, the State Ministry of Health for the first time stipulated in the document of hospital grading and management that the third-level hospitals must carry out clinical pharmacy work, and as one of the indicators of the assessment of hospitals; in January 2002, the State Ministry of Health and the State Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutical Industry Administration (SCMIA) approved the development of clinical pharmacy in hospitals, and the development of clinical pharmacy in hospitals. In January 2002, the State Ministry of Health and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine promulgated the Interim Provisions on Pharmaceutical Management in Medical Institutions, which clearly states that "Clinical pharmacy work should be patient-oriented, and the combination of medicine and drugs should be carried out in clinical diagnosis and treatment activities. Clinical pharmacy professionals and technicians should participate in the design of clinical drug therapy programs, establish key patient medical records, implement therapeutic drug monitoring, and gradually establish a clinical pharmacist system ......", and in November 2005 issued a document entitled "Notice on the Pilot Work of Clinical Pharmacist Training", which announced the "Pilot Work Program for Clinical Pharmacist Training" and four other training programs for clinical pharmacists. In 2006, the "Ministry of Health Clinical Pharmacist On-the-job Training and Assessment Standards (for Trial Implementation)" was issued, designating 19 hospitals nationwide as clinical pharmacist training bases and proposing a training model, which has gained some experience so far since the start of the work. In 2007, the Ministry of Health's Document No. 190 explicitly pointed out that 42 hospitals would be used as pilots for the implementation of the pilot work on the system of clinical pharmacists, with the number of clinical pharmacists in the system increasing. In 2007, the Ministry of Health Document No. 190 clearly stated that 42 hospitals would be used as pilot sites to carry out the pharmacist system, and that the number of clinical pharmacists would be no less than 5 in tertiary hospitals and no less than 3 in secondary hospitals. Education and Cultivation Since the early 1980s, China has carried out various forms of clinical pharmacist education. In terms of academic education, the former School of Pharmacy of West China Medical University and Dalian Medical College have respectively launched a five-year undergraduate clinical pharmacy program on a trial basis. Although some of these efforts failed to continue, they provided exploratory experience for the subsequent curriculum of the clinical pharmacy program and the training of clinical pharmacists.In 1999, the State Ministry of Health promulgated the Outline of Standardized Training for Hospital Pharmacists (for trial implementation), which stipulated that in the last 1 year of the two-stage*** 5-year training, clinical knowledge training and participation in clinical department internships, including room visits, consultations, and drug treatments, were to be carried out. The Ministry of Education's curriculum system reform project on teaching content for the twenty-first century, "Research on the Curriculum System and Content of Clinical Pharmacy", has been completed and a cluster of clinical pharmacy courses has been formed, and the textbook, "Various Treatises on Clinical Pharmacy", has been published and distributed. In addition, a number of plans to reform pharmacy education and train clinical pharmacists are also underway, with the School of Pharmacy of Fudan University in Shanghai, the Second Military Medical University, and the West China Medical Center of Sichuan University preparing to open master's degree courses in clinical pharmacy. In terms of continuing education, various training courses for clinical pharmacists and classes on new advances in clinical pharmacy have sprung up and have been gradually standardized and institutionalized, teaching a large number of pharmacy technicians new knowledge and skills in clinical pharmacy, and playing a positive role in engaging in the work of clinical pharmacy for in-service pharmacists in hospitals. Therefore, the country has initially established a dual-track education and training mode of academic education and continuing education for in-service pharmacists, especially the academic education for clinical pharmacists is at the stage of transition or breakthrough. Service Concept The concept of rational use of medication has been generally recognized inside and outside the pharmacy industry, and both professional journals in pharmacy and the public media have shown unprecedented enthusiasm for rational use of medication. The number of literature searches with "rational drug use" or "clinical pharmacy" as the subject matter, for example, in the China Journal Full Text Database, has been growing at an annual rate of about 20%; a number of academic journals specializing in clinical pharmacy have also been published one after another, such as the Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and the Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, both of which were founded in 1992, and the Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and the Chinese Journal of Pharmacy. Earlier journals, such as the Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, founded in 1992, and Pharmacy Service and Research, sponsored by Changhai Hospital of the Second Military Medical University in 2001, are professional journals aiming at promoting clinical pharmacy and publicizing pharmacy services. 2004, the Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Service and Research became Chinese scientific and technological core journals at the same time, which also reflects the improvement in the quantity and quality of the relevant literature. From the contents of the literature published in recent years, domestic clinical pharmacists have started from investigating clinical medication and analyzing prescriptions, and have gradually participated in clinical drug therapy, such as providing pharmacy information services, carrying out monitoring of therapeutic drugs, monitoring of adverse drug reactions, and pharmacists' work under the clinic. Especially in the aspect of pharmacists' clinical work, domestic clinical pharmacists have summarized and practiced a variety of modes of clinical participation, such as the expert mode (participation in clinical checkups, consultation and interpretation of therapeutic drug monitoring results), the generalist mode (work in satellite pharmacies and information consulting), and various modes of auditing and checking (checking of medication use in hospital districts, auditing of intravenous dispensing centers, and the collection of adverse drug reactions), and so on. Clinical pharmacist work system in order to implement the Ministry of Health "Interim Provisions on Pharmaceutical Management in Medical Institutions" spirit, according to the Hubei Provincial Department of Health hospital level assessment implementation rules and our hospital quality management year activities and requirements, to explore the establishment of the actual situation of the hospital medicine and nursing mutual collaboration to improve the quality of health care work, standardize the work mode of the clinical pharmacist, the development of the present approach.
Responsibilities of clinical pharmacists:
(1) Participate in the design and implementation of clinical drug therapy programs, assist clinicians in the selection and rational use of drugs, so that patients do not suffer from, or reduce, the damage associated with the use of drugs, improve the level of clinical drug therapy, and enhance the quality of life of patients.
(2) Carry out pharmacy information and consulting services, conduct medication education, publicize and guide patients to use medication safely.
(3) Conduct clinical pharmacy research to provide scientific monitoring or experimental data to enhance drug therapy.
(4) Undertake hospital clinical pharmacy education and training for pharmacists, physicians, and community physicians, and conduct patient education on drug use.
Clinical pharmacist's work content:
(1) In-depth understanding of the dynamics of drug application in clinical departments, and making suggestions for improvement of the clinical application of drugs;
(2) Participating in room visits and consultations, taking part in the rescue of critically ill patients and discussion of medical cases, and making suggestions for drug treatment;
(3) Conducting monitoring of therapeutic medications, and designing individualized drug administration programs;
(4) Undertaking the training of hospital clinical pharmacy education and training of physicians and community physicians. p>
(4) to guide nurses to do a good job in drug requisition, storage and proper use of drugs;
(5) to assist clinicians to do a good job in clinical observation of new drugs on the market, collection, collation, analysis and feedback of information on drug safety; (6) to provide consulting services related to medication, and to publicize the knowledge of rational use of medication;
(7) to combine with the clinical use of medication, to carry out drug evaluation and drug utilization research.
Clinical pharmacists in-depth clinical work procedures:
(1) first to the ward rounds of patients, or through the computer to understand the patient's general condition, and the latest examination data.
(2) Participate in medical check-ups, and make suggestions for medication in the check-up discussion; provide guidance on the use of medication for patients, ask about and observe the situation after the use of medication, and learn about drug-drug interactions, drug-food interactions, to ensure the safety of the use of medication, and record it in the medication history written by the pharmacist; enter the procedure of dealing with adverse reactions if adverse reactions to medication are detected; make comments on the need for blood concentration monitoring after the use of medication for patients; and make suggestions on the need for blood concentration monitoring after the use of medication for patients. The pharmacist will analyze the results of blood concentration monitoring and develop and adjust the drug administration plan according to the parameters; (3) provide guidance on the administration of medication to special patients;
(4) participate in the resuscitation of critically ill patients and provide on-site guidance on the administration of medication;
(5) provide drug counseling to the doctors and nurses as well as to the patients.
Clinical pharmacists' participation in clinical work system and indicators:
(1) According to the work duties of clinical pharmacists, clinical pharmacists should regularly go into the clinical wards and take part in the clinical drug therapy checkups, consultations, first aid and case discussions.
(2) Clinical pharmacists should conduct in-depth clinical checkups no less than 10 times per month, each time no less than 2 hours;
(3) Clinical pharmacists' checkups can be divided into two types: checkups following the clinicians and checkups by clinical pharmacists alone. Follow the clinician room visit can focus on understanding the patient's condition and treatment difficulties, the end of the room visit should participate in the discussion of the medical team. Clinical pharmacist alone room check is mainly for key patients with special conditions (such as adverse drug reactions, critically ill patients, complex drug therapy and severe liver and kidney function impairment, etc.), and the clinical pharmacist can combine with the review of the medical record, communicate with the doctor to understand the condition, and then inquire about the patient or the accompanying staff. At least one individual pharmacy check-up is conducted every week, and drug records are established for key patients and work records are made;
(4) Participate in the resuscitation of critically ill patients and the discussion of medical cases, and make records. Clinical pharmacists, before attending the consultation, should consult the medical records and ask questions in advance to understand the condition, and carry out the necessary information review and calculation, in order to put forward scientific and prudent views, and to assist clinicians to improve the effect of rescue treatment. Clinical pharmacists should actively participate in and observe other relevant consultations in their clinical departments;
(5) Weekly summary of work, and one regular meeting per month to exchange ideas, communicate information, and discuss difficult medical records; (6) Clinical pharmacists should actively consult pharmacy intelligence, and actively respond to questions raised by doctors, nurses, and patients, and if they cannot give an answer at that time, they should record it in time If the answer cannot be given at that time, it should be recorded in time, consulting the relevant experts or consulting the information afterwards to give a satisfactory answer as far as possible. The key advice or typical problems should be recorded in detail and summarized at the end of the year;
(7) Collect, organize, analyze and feedback drug safety information, and do a good job of monitoring adverse drug reactions, should take the initiative to care for and guide the patients who have adverse reactions, and help them to improve medication adherence. Not to omit to report serious adverse drug reactions, and to publish a quarterly drug newsletter;
(8) according to the clinical needs and drug characteristics to assist health care workers to do a good job in the design of therapeutic drug monitoring, application, sampling, interpretation of the results and adjustment of medication, and should be active in testing the condition of the patient and the monitoring results of the record, and to accumulate information on the pharmacokinetics of the group.
(9) Combined with the clinical use of drugs, actively carry out medical records, prescription analysis and other drug evaluation and drug utilization research each year to establish a focus on the use of medication research topics, write research and analysis reports; actively communicate with health care personnel in various aspects, from which the clinical needs of the pharmacy research topics, to promote the development of clinical pharmacy research; each year, at least one pharmacy education lectures, with a lecture notes, and publicly Examination: In accordance with this method, an examination of the clinical pharmacist's performance is organized once a year, and the result of the examination is recorded in the year-end evaluation result.