It refers to the war that broke out between China and Vietnam on the northern border of Vietnam from February 1979 to March 16.
The Sino-Vietnamese War in a broad sense refers to the Sino-Vietnamese border military conflict from 1979 to 1989.
Including 1979 Sino-Vietnamese border self-defense counterattack, 198 1 China's recovery of Mount Lin, Battle of Faka, 1984's recovery of Laoshan, Battle of Mount Yin Zheshan, Battle of Balihe Dongshan, Battle of Crossing Point, Battle of Two Mountains, and defensive operations against Vietnam.
The causes of the Sino-Vietnamese War:
Vietnam factor:
1. After the Vietnam War, Vietnam * * * thought it had defeated the United States, and its narrow national ambitions grew rapidly, with the delusion of establishing regional hegemony.
2. In China and the Soviet Union, we chose the powerful Soviet Union as our backing.
3. It is speculated that China has just ended the turmoil and is unable to confront it.
4. Its northern terrain, personnel base, military equipment and actual combat experience are superior to those of Vietnam.
5. Cooperate with the Soviet Union to curb China's development space.
6. Territorial ambitions.
7. Drive away overseas Chinese and put pressure on China.
8. Border disputes.
9. Soviet conspiracy and Vietnam's ambition.
China factor:
Domestic factors-re-rally popularity:
1. Improve national cohesion: Just after the Cultural Revolution, the influence of political struggle is still there, national morale is low, and there are many contradictions at all levels. A counterattack in self-defense against China can improve and restore the leadership of the * * * production party.
Guide the core position, ease and transfer domestic contradictions, unite people's hearts, and improve the morale of our army and nation.
2. Strengthen the control and leadership of the army: Deng Gong has just taken office, so it is necessary to establish his prestige and core position in the China * * * production party, emphasize that "the party commands the gun" and regain control of the gun.
3. Training: During the Cultural Revolution, the management of the army was chaotic and the morale of the army needed to be rectified. At the same time, we can feel the combat effectiveness of our army through this battle.
International geopolitical factors-strive for greater international strategic space;
1. Weaken or even break the hegemonic position of the Soviet Union in the Eastern Group: China and the Soviet Union became enemies, while Vietnam relied on the Soviet Union and was even openly troubled by the Soviet Union, so it fought.
Vietnam responded to Soviet hegemony and established China's strong position in the Eastern Group. Before Deng Gong visited the United States, he also used the rise of Sino-US relations to greet the United States first.
On the other hand, China and the United States put pressure on the Soviet Union: in the struggle against Vietnam and the Soviet Union, China had better stay out of it. At this point, China and the United States are consistent.
2, combined with the Korean War (established China's position as a military power in the world, established China's absolute strong position in Northeast Asia, and played a strategic space that can be seen so far.
Shocked the world), the Sino-Soviet Treasure Island War (showing China's determination to win the core interests of the country without fear of power and shocking the Soviet Union), and the Sino-Indian War (establishing China)
In the third world, and by suppressing Indian, South Asia), and then by attacking Vietnam, help Cambodia and other countries to intimidate Southeast Asia, thus improving China's surrounding environment and indeed.
Establish China's due role in Asia (unfortunately, we only need to crack down on Dongwa now, so we will wait and see).
Domestic factors and geopolitical factors are not direct factors or fuses, but only push China to fight back against Vietnam. It was at this time that it was harmful to the whole country at that time.
China's situation and the surrounding situation are favorable, but without the following reasons, China could not rashly attack Vietnam.
War process
The war was fought in China's Yunnan Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and it was divided into three stages. Yunnan operations were commanded by Yang Dezhi, commander of Kunming Military Region, who was temporarily transferred and familiar with Vietnamese tactics. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region was commanded by Xu, commander of the then Guangzhou Military Region. In total, 29 infantry divisions of 9 armies were used (respectively: 1 1, 13,14,41,42,43,50,54,55 and the 58th division of the 20th army). The 4th division of artillery), two anti-aircraft artillery divisions (the 65th division of anti-aircraft artillery and the 70th division of anti-aircraft artillery), the railway corps of the People's Liberation Army, the engineering corps and the signal corps, with nearly 560,000 people (for example, before the war, all the infantry divisions of Class A and Class B were expanded to prepare for the war with12,000 people), launched a surprise attack on Vietnam on the front of about 500 kilometers. The Vietnamese army has just been baptized by the Vietnam War, and all the people are soldiers, which has caused heavy losses to the China army. The Vietnamese army's tactics of taking retreat as the attack, and the small-scale counterattack of the Vietnamese army when the China army retreated, increased the casualties of the China army.
The first stage:1979 February17-1979 February 26th.
1979 February 14, the central government of China publicly issued a notice to the whole country, ready to start self-defense counterattack operations. This is different from declaring war and surprise attack, which is unique in the world. It also shows the world that China's war against Vietnam is a counterattack in self-defense. On February 1979, 17, China People's Daily (also known as People's Daily, the organ of Vietnamese Party and government) published an article entitled "Tolerable? What can't be tolerated ",officially announced in a limited time, space and scale, and Vietnam" self-defense, defend the frontier ". On the 500-kilometer-long Sino-Vietnamese border, the border guards of China, Yunnan and Guangxi launched a self-defense counterattack against the Vietnamese army. On the tropical rainforest landform of the Sino-Vietnamese border, the Vietnamese army's defense line is very strong. If it is steadily and steadily, it will inevitably fall into a cruel battle. Faced with this situation, the PLA adopted the method of fire suppression and destruction, and the infantry was equipped with tanks for assault. Vietnamese didn't expect China people to use tanks in this landform, and they underestimated the appearance of tanks. On June 5438+07, the People's Liberation Army on the Eastern Front quickly entered Vietnam after shelling, and entered Vietnam in three ways. Among them, the south and north roads attacked Gaoping, an important town in northern Vietnam. After the troops entered Vietnam, they were madly stopped by the Vietnamese army. The People's Liberation Army, which has not fought for more than ten years, is not quick to attack the Vietnamese army that has just experienced the baptism of war. North Road 4 1 Army bypassed the frontal defense of the 346th Division of the Vietnamese Army and attacked Banzhuang and Koutun. The 42nd Army, which was in charge of south infiltration, took126th Division as the main force, formed an infiltration force and went deep into Dongxi, the county seat of Shi 'an County, Gaoping Province, Vietnam. The Type 59 and Type 62 tanks were equipped with infantry to attack quickly, successfully conquering the strategic points of direct access to Gaoping in the northwest and lang son in the southeast. In the process of penetration, the number of infantry carried by tanks is too large, as high as 20 people per vehicle. In order to prevent falling out of the car, the PLA infantry carrying backpacks fixed on the tanks could not avoid shooting at the Vietnamese army, and the sacrifice was too great.
The China government claims that it has eliminated the Vietnamese border militia stationed in Gaoping and Laojie, Vietnam. However, the China People's Liberation Army suffered heavy casualties, with more than 4,000 casualties in 17 and 18. On February 17, China raided Vietnam and the war began. China occupied Mengguan Town. On February 18, Qingshui was occupied, and the Vietnamese army fought back with tunnels at Gaoping front. The missile positions in lang son and Deng Tong were destroyed, and the battle in Laojie was fierce. The Vietnamese army in Laizhou retreated to the south bank of the Black River. On February 19, China raided and occupied Changbai Mountain in He Lu County, and China Air Force bombed Haiphong. On February 20th, Laojie, Deng Tong and Baole were captured, and the Vietnamese Air Force bombed China reinforcements west of Hekou. On February 2 1, China occupied Gaoping. On February 22nd, China occupied Baole, and the Vietnamese army began to deploy elite regular troops stationed in Cambodia and Laos for defense. Two divisions defending Hanoi tried to counterattack the China army in Gaoping and Laizhou, but failed. On February 23rd, a fierce offensive and defensive war broke out in Gaomashan near lang son, and China troops occupied Hejiang. Two other divisions attacked Mang Street and Lu Ping under the cover of air force. On February 24th, the Vietnamese army counterattacked, fought fiercely with the China army in Gaoping and Laojie, and was later defeated in China. China occupied Orange Island. Since February 25th, the war has been deadlocked, and the Vietnamese army has been defending the border areas of lang son.
Phase II:1February 27th, 979-1March 5th, 979.
The China government said: China troops captured the Vietnamese military fortress lang son; Destroyed the Vietnamese army in Sabah. 1 in March, a fierce battle took place in lang son. The Vietnamese army reinforced the elite 308th Division of the Capital Defence Force from Hanoi to launch a counterattack against lang son, and used chemical weapons. The 42nd Army was forced to retreat, and China urgently pulled the rear artillery division to the front line to suppress the bayonet (the so-called bayonet of the PLA artillery refers to approaching the front line, not the real bayonet), which caused heavy losses for both sides. On March 4th, the 308th Division of the Vietnamese Army was repulsed by the flanking raid of two divisions in China, and lang son fell. On March 5th, China announced that it had achieved its goal and began to withdraw its troops from Vietnam. Vietnam announced a national general mobilization order and vowed to resist to the end. Regular Vietnamese troops from Cambodia and Laos officially arrived and prepared for the war. The Soviet Union began to send more troops to the Sino-Soviet border, and the Sino-Soviet war was imminent. According to other data, in the offensive and defensive war in lang son on March 4th, China's army used a lot of heavy artillery and howitzers. According to the actual area of lang son and the number of shells fired by our army after the war, the number of shells landed in lang son was 3 rounds /m2. It can be said that lang son's tactics are completely a model for China to practice the Soviet artillery theory (this information comes from the Sino-Vietnamese war memorandum).
The third stage:1979 March 6-1979 March 16.
According to the government of China, at this stage, China troops withdrew to China on March 1979+06 in the form of alternate cover, clearance and retreat. On March 13, China continued to withdraw its troops, laying mines on the withdrawal route and covering its withdrawal with rockets and long-range artillery fire. There was no large-scale pursuit by the Vietnamese army. At 22: 20 on March 15, the last military vehicle returned to China. On March 16, China announced the completion of its withdrawal and the war ended.