Question 2: Can hospital glutaraldehyde be directly poured into sewage pool? See if there is a sewage treatment station in your hospital. If there is a sewage treatment station, you can treat your sewage by yourself, and then discharge it into the sewer after reaching the sewer standard, and then enter the urban sewage treatment plant. Nobody cares if you pour glutaraldehyde, as long as your sewage treatment station agrees. But if your hospital sewage directly enters the municipal pipe network, it is absolutely not allowed.
Question 3: What should I do after using glutaraldehyde? Pay attention to safety when doing experiments! Find a special bottle to hold used waste liquid!
Question 4: What is the best disinfection method for endoscopic instruments? It seems that glutaraldehyde will be eliminated soon. Our hospital uses Dr. Xiao's brand phthalaldehyde for disinfection, which is safe and non-toxic and has a short disinfection time. There is no environmental pollution.
Question 5: How much glutaraldehyde is needed to neutralize 1 ml sewage? French method for detecting microbial contamination of non-designated sterilization preparations and their raw and auxiliary materials. The inspection items include the number of bacteria, mold, yeast and control bacteria. Microbial limit inspection should be carried out in one-way air area with local cleanliness of 1000 and environmental cleanliness of 1000. The whole inspection process must strictly abide by aseptic operation to prevent re-contamination. Measures to prevent pollution shall not affect the detection of microorganisms in samples. The cleanliness of one-way airflow area, countertops and environment should be checked regularly according to the current national standard "Detection Methods of Suspended Particles, Plankton and Sedimentation Bacteria in Clean Rooms (Zones) of Pharmaceutical Industry". When testing samples, if surfactants, neutralizers or inactivators are used, their effectiveness and non-toxicity to microorganisms should be proved. Unless otherwise specified, the culture temperature of bacteria and control bacteria in this test method is 30℃. The culture temperature of mold and yeast is 23℃ ~ 28℃. Test results are reported in units of 1g, 1ml, 10g, 10ml or 10cm2, and special varieties can be reported in minimum packaging unit. The test quantity is the test sample quantity (g, ml or cm2) used in one test. The film agent is100cm2; ; The inspection quantity of precious drugs and micro-packaged drugs can be reduced as appropriate. The amount of samples to be tested for Salmonella should be increased by 20g or 20ml (in which 10g or 10ml is used for positive control test). During inspection, samples should be taken from more than two minimum packaging units. No less than 4 pieces of film agent. Under normal circumstances, the quantity of inspection samples shall be randomly selected not less than 3 times the inspection quantity (more than two minimum packaging units). The preparation of the test solution should adopt appropriate methods according to the physical and chemical characteristics and biological characteristics of the test sample. When the preparation of test solution needs to be heated, it should be heated evenly, and the temperature should not exceed 45℃. The time from the preparation of test solution to the addition of test medium shall not exceed 65438 0 hours. Unless otherwise specified, the common preparation methods of test solution are as follows: 1. Take 100ml liquid sample, add sterile sodium chloride-peptone buffer with pH of pH7.0 to 100ml, and mix well. As the test solution of 1: 10, a proper amount of sterile polysorbate 80 can be added to the oil to make the test sample evenly dispersed. Water-soluble liquid preparations can also be used as test solution. 2. Take 100g solid, semi-solid or viscous sample, add sterile sodium chloride-peptone buffer with pH of pH7.0 to 100ml, and homogenize. After mixing, it is used as the test solution of 1: 10. When necessary, add an appropriate amount of sterile polysorbate 80, and put it in a water bath for proper heating, so that the test sample is evenly dispersed. 3. Prepare (1) water-insoluble sample with special test solution, and take 5g (or 5ml) test sample. Add it into a beaker containing a dissolved (temperature not exceeding 45℃) sterile mixture of 5g Span80, 3g glyceryl monostearate and 10g polysorbate 80, stir it into balls with a sterile glass rod, slowly add sterile sodium chloride-peptone buffer with pH of pH7.0 to 100ml at 45℃, and stir while adding it to fully emulsify the sample. As a test solution of 1∶20. Method 2: Take 10g of test sample, add it into a suitable container filled with 20ml of sterile isopropyl myristate (sterilized by membrane filtration, and sterilized by fat-soluble filter with aperture of 0.22μm at 140℃ for 2h) and sterile glass beads, and increase the amount of isopropyl myristate if necessary. Dissolve the test sample, then add100 ml sterile sodium chloride-peptone buffer solution with pH of 7.0 at 45℃, shake it evenly for 5 ~ 10 minutes, extract and stand for obvious oil-water stratification, and take its water layer as the test solution with the ratio of 1: 10. (2) Take 65438 as the film test sample. Add100 ml sterile sodium chloride-peptone buffer solution with pH of 7.0 (diluent can be added if necessary), soak and shake well, and serve as the test solution of 1: 10. (3) Take 10g as the test sample of enteric-coated and colon-coated preparations. Add sterile phosphate buffer solution (enteric preparation) with pH6.8 or sterile phosphate buffer solution (colon preparation) with pH7.6 to 100ml, put it in a water bath at 45℃, shake well and dissolve it as a test solution, and the ratio is 1: 10. (4) Take a specified amount of aerosol and spray samples. & gt
Question 6: What should be done to reduce the sources of medical waste? Category characteristics Common ingredients or waste names are medical wastes that are contaminated by patients' blood and body fluids and have the risk of causing the spread of infectious diseases. 1. Polymer wastes: mainly include plastics, latex, rubber and other wastes contaminated by patients' blood and body fluids.
2. Laboratory waste: ① waste related to pathogens produced in the laboratory. Including pathogen culture medium, strain, virus seed preservation solution, etc.
② Abandoned blood, serum, secretions and feces.
Cerebrospinal fluid, pleural effusion and ascites.
3. Cotton fiber waste: cotton balls, cotton swabs, drainage tampons, gauze, urine pads, bandages and other dressings contaminated by patients' blood and body fluids.
4. Domestic garbage generated by patients with Class A infectious diseases (including patients with Class B infectious diseases managed according to Class A), patients with unexplained infectious diseases, and patients infected by multidrug-resistant bacteria (MRSA, pan-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, and pan-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa).
Discarded medical sharp instruments contaminated by patients' blood and body fluids can stab or cut people. 1. Various metal sharp tools: medical needles, suture needles, scalpels, surgical saws, skin care knives, dental tweezers and probes. 2. Slides, coverslips, glass test tubes, etc.
Human excrement or medical laboratory animal carcasses produced by pathological wastes during diagnosis and treatment. 1. Abandoned human tissues, organs, limbs, placentas, unformed fetuses induced by labor, etc. Produced in the process of surgery and other diagnosis and treatment; Human tissues and pathological wax blocks discarded after pathological preservation. 2. Tissue and corpse of medical experimental animals.
Expired, eliminated, deteriorated or contaminated waste drugs and articles contaminated with drugs. 1. Antibiotics and OTC drugs. 2 cytotoxic drugs and genotoxic drugs. 3. Various vaccines and blood products.
4. Contaminated materials in the process of drug management and drug preparation, such as syringes, needles, measuring tools, vials and packaging, such as syringes, needles, measuring tools, medicine bottles and packaging.
Chemical waste refers to toxic, corrosive, flammable and explosive chemical waste and used chemical waste. 1. chemical reagents and disinfectants: ① batch chemical reagents abandoned in medical imaging room and laboratory: formaldehyde, waste developer, fixative, solvent, etc. ② Waste chemical disinfectants: peracetic acid, glutaraldehyde, chlorine-containing disinfectants, etc.
③ Chemical reagents and disinfectants after use.
2. Heavy metal waste? ① Scrapped mercury sphygmomanometer and mercury thermometer.
② Residues of dental amalgam or amalgam capsules after use, damaged mercury sphygmomanometer and mercury thermometer. ?
Discussion draft on revision of medical waste classification catalogue
(version 20 10 10 05)
I. Relevant definitions
Hospital wastes: all wastes generated by hospitals, including medical wastes and domestic garbage.
Medical waste: refers to the waste with direct or indirect infectivity, toxicity and other hazards generated by medical and health institutions in medical treatment, prevention and health care activities. Including infectious waste, destructive waste, pathological waste, pharmaceutical waste and chemical waste.
Domestic garbage: refers to the waste generated by medical and health institutions in medical treatment, prevention, health care and other activities, which is not directly or indirectly infectious, toxic and other harmful and has nothing to do with medical activities. According to the principle of recycling, it can be divided into two categories: recyclable and non-recyclable.
Second, the classification principle
This classification is consistent with the current medical waste management documents, and always implements the core concept of BAT/BEP:
1. Through classification, the common wastes and medical wastes generated in medical activities are collected completely separately, and the emission reduction work is done at the source of medical wastes;
2. After reasonable classification, according to different materials and pollution levels, different harmless treatment methods are adopted to minimize environmental pollution. The disposal technologies are as follows: a. Reuse; B. circular regeneration; C. non-incineration treatment;
3. Reduce the final incineration amount of copper, iron, aluminum and other metals, chlorine-containing substances and polymer materials such as plastics, and reduce POPs emissions.
4. Because of its particularity, radioactive waste is not in this classified catalogue. Common ingredients, collection, disposal and management refer to GBZ 133-2009 Medical Treatment of the Ministry of Health.
Radioactive waste > >