The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has a total length of 1,956 kilometers, with 960 kilometers of elevation above 4,000 meters, of which 550 kilometers cross the plateau permafrost zone. Its highest point is located at an altitude of 5,072 meters, the perennial snow-capped Tanggula Mountain Pass, known as "the closest railroad to the sky" and "the highest railroad in the world". The construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a major strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council as it enters the new century, and it is one of the four major landmark projects of the Tenth Five-Year Plan of the country, and it is the first of the key projects for the development of the western region.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway starts from Xining City in Qinghai Province in the north and ends in Lhasa City in Tibet Autonomous Region in the south, with a total length of about 1956 kilometers, of which about 846 kilometers from Xining to Golmud was completed in 1984. Will start the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Golmud to Lhasa section, from the western town of Qinghai Province, Golmud City Railway Station, over the southern mountain pass, on the Tibetan plateau hinterland, through the Nachitai, five Liang, Tuo Tuo River, Yan Shi Ping, over the Tanggula Mountains into the Tibet Autonomous Region, and then through the Amdo, Nagchu, Dangxiong, Yangbajing, to the Tibet Autonomous Region, the capital of Lhasa City. The line direction is basically parallel to the Qinghai-Tibet Highway. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway passes through the nature reserves of Coco Sicily, the source of the Three Rivers and Qiangtang, and has been called China's first "environmentally friendly railroad" because of its unique environmentally friendly design and construction.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the world's highest and longest plateau railroad. The line passes through the area above 4,000 meters above sea level for 960 kilometers, and the highest point of the line over Tanggula Mountain reaches 5,072 meters; 550 kilometers of continuous permafrost section for many years, and 216 kilometers of nine-degree seismic intensity area. Along the line of high cold and lack of oxygen, fragile ecological environment, active crustal movement. Building a railroad in such a region is highly exploratory and scientific research, and the construction task is arduous. The Wind Volcano Tunnel is the highest railroad tunnel in the world; the Kunlun Mountain Tunnel, located at an altitude of 4,767 meters, with a total length of 1,686 meters, has become the world's longest "tundra tunnel".
The construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will end the history of the Tibet Autonomous Region's inaccessibility to railroads, further improve the transportation conditions and investment environment on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and promote the development of Tibetan resources and rapid economic development. It will play an important role in strengthening the links between the mainland and Tibet, promoting cultural exchanges between Tibetans and other ethnic groups, enhancing national unity and benefiting the people along the route.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway, starting from Xining of Qinghai in the east and ending in Lhasa of Tibet in the west, is the world's highest altitude and longest route plateau railroad, which was commissioned in July 2006 after four years of construction. It will become the world's most famous plateau golden tourism line. 9 world-class tourism resources, also distributed with 23 national tourism resources including Tibetan Buddhist holy land of Thar Monastery, Jinyintan Atomic City, Charkhan Salt Lake, Jade Pearl Peak, Lhasa Old Town, Barkhor Street, etc., as well as 6 national nature reserves and scenic spots, 193 ordinary level tourism resources. Behind these incomparable natural landscapes, there is also a Tibetan culture that has been accumulated for thousands of years. The Tibetan culture has been accumulated for thousands of years. Can a dirty di1? Can I have a good time with you? Can I get a copy of the book? Can I get the best of the best of the best of the best of the best of the best of the best of the best? Can you help me? Can you give us a detailed description of the details of the program? Can you give us a detailed description of the program and its duration? What's new? What is the best way to get the most out of your life? ┐缶? Select an option? 赜蛭幕赜蛭幕赜蛭幕赜蛭幕赜蛭幕赜蛭幕? Selected items
The Tibet Train
The Plateau Tibet Train is the most advanced train car in China, with two sets of oxygen supply systems. In order to withstand the harsh natural environment of the Tibetan Plateau, such as sandy winds and strong ultraviolet rays, the train into Tibet is fully enclosed; toilets take a vacuum collector, waste water has a special equipment to recover; carriages and carriages of the connection, the use of a close-connected type of hooks, there will be no wind leakage. In order to cope with the oxygen-deficient environment of the Tibetan Plateau, the oxygen concentration, temperature and pressure in the carriages of the train to Tibet can be kept balanced.
The configuration of each train is almost the same as that of an airplane, and there are two sets of oxygen supply systems: one set is a "diffuse" oxygen supply, through the mixing of air in the air-conditioning system for oxygen supply, so that the oxygen content of each carriage is maintained at 23%, and travelers are like entering an "oxygen bar"; the other set is an independent interface suction system. Another set of independent interface oxygen, if a traveler needs more oxygen, you can always wear a mask to breathe, so as to avoid travelers plateau reaction. This train, if walking in more than 4,000 meters above sea level, you feel as if in more than 3,000 meters, the actual altitude, can be reduced by more than 1,000 meters, so as to alleviate the lack of oxygen due to the plateau to the travelers brought discomfort.
In addition, the Tibet train interior decoration is both luxurious and modern, fully displaying the ethnic flavor of the Qinghai-Tibet region, will set up a comfortable restaurant and bathroom for bathing. In addition to the oxygen supply equipment, but also ready to configure medical personnel, equipment and medicines, the establishment of tourists' life support system, to help guests smoothly adapt to the plateau climate, reduce plateau reflection.
Travel time
Shanghai-Tibet line train running time is expected to be about 52 hours. Chengdu to Lhasa is expected to be 45 hours. Xining to Lhasa is expected to be 22 hours. Golmud to Lhasa is expected to take 12 hours.
The world's highest in Qinghai-Tibet Railway
The world's highest plateau railroad: the railroad crosses the section above 4,000 meters above sea level for 960 kilometers, and the highest point is 5,072 meters above sea level.
The world's longest plateau railroad: the Golmud-Lhasa section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, with a total mileage of 1,142 kilometers.
The world's longest plateau railroad through permafrost: the railroad crosses continuous permafrost for many years with a mileage of 550 kilometers.
Tanggula Mountain Station, at an altitude of 5,068 meters, is the highest railroad station in the world.
The Wind Volcano Tunnel, at an altitude of 4905 meters, is the highest tundra tunnel in the world.
The 1,686-meter-long Kunlun Mountain Tunnel is the world's longest plateau tundra tunnel.
The Ando Laying Base, at an altitude of 4704 meters, is the highest laying base in the world.
The 11.7-kilometer-long Qingshui River Bridge is the world's longest plateau tundra railroad bridge.
After completion, the speed of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will reach 100 kilometers per hour in the tundra section and 120 kilometers per hour in the non-tundra section, which is the highest speed of trains on the world's plateau tundra railroad.
Source: Togokahn takes you to Tibet
Environmental Protection of Qinghai-Tibet Railway (Introduction)
Will the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway affect the local environment?
First of all, the concept of "environment" should be clarified. In terms of the general environment, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau covers an area of 1.22 million square kilometers, and the scope of influence of the construction of the railroad is only 500 meters on each side of the line at most, and the whole line of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is only 1,000 square kilometers, and it is distributed in the form of a line, so it can be said that the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will not have an influence on the environment of the entire Tibetan Plateau; in terms of the environment of the small, the construction of such large-scale projects,
will certainly be in the From the very beginning of the design of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the First Railway Academy has taken the maintenance of ecological and environmental protection as an important principle that must be followed. Therefore, most of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway runs along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, basically there is no new channel, and a series of specialized environmental protection measures have been adopted in the design scheme, which minimizes the disturbance to the ecology of the plateau. In the long run, the construction of the qinghai-tibet railroad, not only will not damage the environment, but on the contrary, the qinghai-tibet plateau environment protection has a positive role in promoting.
Secondly, Tibet lacks coal resources, with a per capita production of only 6 kilograms of coal, and the cost of coal transported into the region through the Qinghai-Tibet Highway is very high, amounting to more than 600 yuan per ton, whereas in Xining, the price is only 160 to 200 yuan. The expensive price of coal has resulted in an extremely irrational energy structure. At present, the agricultural and pastoral areas of the main source of energy for life for wood and animal dung, in the line through the northern region of Tibet, the residents mainly rely on cutting down the slope growth of the creeping pine for fuel, and low creeping pine often need decades of growing period, which on the local fragile ecological environment has produced a destructive effect that can not be underestimated. The construction of the railroad can transport the rich coal and oil resources of the northwest region into Tibet through an economic and convenient channel to meet Tibet's demand for energy, thus making a positive contribution to changing the energy structure of Tibet, stopping blind deforestation and grassland, and protecting the ecological environment, which is of extremely far-reaching significance.
At the same time, after the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is put into operation, it is bound to become the main mode of tourism and transportation of materials in and out of Tibet, diverting the huge transportation fleet of the current Qinghai-Tibet Highway, thus playing a positive role in reducing automobile emissions and further improving the atmospheric quality of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
On the other hand, the construction of the railroad will directly pull the development of the economy of the two provinces and regions of Qinghai-Tibet, accelerate the pace of urbanization and industrialization, and promote the further adjustment of the industrial structure, which will make a large portion of the herdsmen to change to the industry, construction and other industries crowd, thus greatly reducing the grassland and the load of the vegetation, not only the protection of the ecology, but also to achieve sustainable development, can be said to be a two-for-one solution.
Does the Qinghai-Tibet Railway have an impact on nature reserves?
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway will pass through the nature reserves of Coco Sicily and the source of the three rivers (the Yangtze, the Yellow and the Lancang), etc., but the route passes through the area that is the border junction of the two reserves, and does not pass through any of them, so it has no impact on the ecology and wildlife of the reserves. At the same time, the first institute of iron in the design also specially reserved for wildlife migration of the special channel, which is still rare in China's railroad construction history.
What specific engineering measures were taken in favor of environmental protection?
1, the protection and restoration of plateau vegetation
The line through the plateau meadow area, controlled by the harsh climatic conditions, vegetation growth is very slow. Construction due to take, discard soil, roadbed occupied pressure inevitably to destroy part of the plateau vegetation, vegetation is difficult to grow the section, the use of segmented construction, section by section transplantation method, each section of the roadbed is divided into a number of construction sections, the section of the soil pit and the roadbed base turf shoveled, transplanted in a timely manner to have been constructed in advance after the completion of the roadbed side slopes and soil extraction completed after the completion of the soil extraction field surface, so that the destruction of the ground cover is reduced to the minimum degree. The extent of the damage to the surface vegetation is minimized.
To the south of the Kunlun Mountains, the natural conditions of a slightly better section, artificial cultivation of turf test, selected grass species suitable for plateau growth, supplemented by spraying, re-membrane and other technologies to restore the surface vegetation, the railroad will be built along the green corridor.
2, permafrost environment protection
Many years of permafrost, especially high ice content permafrost on the surface of the disturbance is very sensitive. Some small changes in the ground surface may cause irreversible changes in permafrost, so road construction in permafrost areas should pay special attention to the protection of the environment. From the engineering point of view, the protection of the environment is also very necessary for the protection of permafrost and the stability of the roadbed. To reasonably select the location of taking and discarding soil, the point of taking soil should be selected away from the line of low mound package, the depth of taking soil should not be greater than the upper limit.
3, strict control of the "three wastes" emissions
The line through the Cocoa Sicily, the source of the Three Rivers, Qiangtang and other nature reserves, should be strictly controlled waste emissions. Train using closed design, both to overcome the plateau oxygen deficiency, but also to prevent the waste pollution along the environment. For the heating of each central station on the plateau can use oil boilers, electric heaters or use solar energy and other environmentally friendly energy, garbage in the pointing station fixed point discharge, centralized treatment. The living sewage of each center station is treated and discharged according to the standard.
4, strengthen the protection of wildlife
In the construction and operation of the workers in the protection of wildlife legal education, is strictly prohibited to hunt and kill and strictly prohibited to participate in any wildlife and specimens of the sale of behavior.
5, careful design, strict construction management
Given that the ecological environment through which the Qinghai-Tibet Railway passes is very fragile, and it is difficult to restore the vegetation once it is destroyed, in order to minimize the scope of destruction, the design, in addition to stipulating a special point of taking and disposing of the land, has also been designed in detail to designate the construction right-of-way and the intersection of the highway to the construction site, which requires that the construction units must be strictly adhered to. It is strictly prohibited to open construction right-of-way, take and discard soil in the vicinity arbitrarily, shovel turf, and even use bulldozers to push soil directly on both sides of the roadbed for filling. At the same time in the whole construction, to strictly implement the design procedures, is strictly prohibited to destroy the thermal balance of permafrost; even on the construction season, also in accordance with the design requirements: permafrost area is necessary to carry out construction in winter, must be strictly in the winter, so as to avoid damage to the thermal balance of permafrost and stability.
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The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has created nine of the world's largest;
Source: Chinese business card network Favorites 2006-6-27 14:26:00
World's largest 1 The Longest Highland Railway
The total mileage of the whole line reaches 1,142 kilometers
On the sand board of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the red line representing the highland railroad extends in twists and turns in the sand board.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the world's longest plateau railroad, which is synthesized by the Xining-Golmud section and the Golmud-Lhasa section, with a total length of 1,956 kilometers.
The Golmud-Lhasa section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway crosses the Gobi Desert, swampy wetlands and snowy grasslands, with a total mileage of 1,142 kilometers along the whole line.
From the starting point of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, Nanshankou Station in Golmud City, the snow-capped mountains, rivers, grasslands and lakes are all over the place. With the "spine of Asia", "the ancestor of the Dragon Vein" known as the Kunlun Mountains majestic, an average altitude of 5,500 meters to 6,000 meters, this place is known as the "first mountain of Taoism", but also the birthplace of the Kunlun culture, the It is also the birthplace of Kunlun culture and the cradle of Kunlun myth. Over the Kunlun Mountains, you will enter China's largest "no man's land" - Coco Sili, where the average altitude of 4600 meters above sea level, known as the "Kingdom of Plateau Animals" of the reputation of the Tibetan antelope The Tibetan antelope, wild yak, Tibetan wild ass, snow leopard and other rare wild animals have brought infinite vitality to the ancient wilderness.
The snowy iron vein across the Yangtze River source Tuotuo River, through the world's highest railroad Tanggula Mountain, into the northern region of Tibet and Dangxiong prairie, through the dense mist of the Yangbajing ground tropical, and finally arrived at the sacred "sunshine city," Lhasa.
After 4 years of difficult to advance, October 15, 2005, the last row of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway rails steadily placed in the Lhasa River, marking the snowy dragon to achieve the whole line through.
The elevation of the Gera section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is above 3,000 meters above sea level, and there are 965 kilometers in the section with an elevation of 4,000 meters above sea level. National leaders at the opening ceremony of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway once lamented: the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the world's highest altitude and the longest line of the plateau railroad, is an unprecedented great feat in the history of human railroad construction.
The world's highest 2: the highest altitude plateau railroad
The railroad crosses the section above 4000 meters above sea level for 960 kilometers
After 5 years of hard work, 100,000 road building army wrote a magnificent poem in the "roof of the world", and built the world's highest altitude plateau railroad
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway traverses 960 kilometers above 4,000 meters above sea level, and the highest point is the Tanggula Mountain Pass, which is 5,072 meters above sea level, and it is known as "the closest railroad to the sky".
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau construction area year-round cold and lack of oxygen, the climate is complex and volatile, the extreme minimum temperature of minus 45 degrees Celsius, 115 to 160 days a year to scrape more than six winds, the maximum thickness of snow more than 40 millimeters, the average oxygen content of less than 60% of the mainland, where more than half of the region for the uninhabitable "forbidden area of life! "
Lack of oxygen
The plateau reaction brought about by the lack of oxygen is a serious threat to human life and health, and also affects the quality and effectiveness of large-scale construction machinery in this region. In the face of severe tests and extreme difficulties, the majority of railroad builders to "hard not afraid of suffering, lack of oxygen is not lack of spirit, the storm strong will be stronger, higher altitude higher requirements," the fearless heroism, to challenge the limits of life, waving ten thousand feet of heroism, in the snow-covered plateau created a miracle in the history of the world's railroad construction.
The Tibetan Plateau is the world's largest, highest and youngest plateau, known as the "world's third pole". Tibetan Plateau is located in the Asian continent, an area of about 2.5 million square kilometers in China, accounting for more than a quarter of China's total land area, the altitude of most of the more than 3,500 meters above sea level, including Tibet, all of Qinghai, western Sichuan, Xinjiang, southern Gansu, Yunnan, a part of.
Workers work at the highest point of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway at an altitude of 5,072 meters above sea level (June 6, 2005 photo). The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the world's highest plateau railroad, which crosses 960 kilometers above 4,000 meters above sea level.
The World's Longest Mileage Through Permafrost
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has crossed 550 kilometers of continuous permafrost
This is a section of permafrost in the Kunlun Mountains, which the Qinghai-Tibet Railway crosses (taken on June 18th). The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the world's longest plateau railroad through permafrost, with a mileage of 550 kilometers through continuous permafrost.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway: permafrost research is like treating a disease, CT skin test a no less
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway can be called "the world's museum of permafrost engineering"
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway crosses the permafrost area of 550 kilometers
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway permafrost monitoring system was launched at the end of the month
If you say that " the world's longest plateau railway. The world's longest plateau railroad" is just a general measure of the length of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway to wear a top hat of the world's largest, then, the second world's largest may be more tangible, because the Qinghai-Tibet Railway through many years of continuous permafrost mileage of 550 kilometers, to overcome the world's railroad construction history of the permafrost problem that has plagued mankind for a long time.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the world's longest plateau railroad through the permafrost area, the railroad through the continuous permafrost area for many years mileage of 550 kilometers.
Frozen soil, is a special type of soil, due to the frozen soil contains ice, so it is a kind of temperature is extremely sensitive and unstable nature of the soil body. The volume of permafrost increases when it freezes, creating the phenomenon of frost heave. When permafrost thaws, it forms thawing and sinking. The greater the ice content in permafrost, the more serious the freezing and thawing phenomena. Serious frost heave and thawing disease may lead to deformation of engineering structure, so that the railroad line loses smoothness, affecting the normal movement of trains. The difficulty of repairing the railroad on the frozen soil can be imagined.
The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is the world's highest altitude and largest perennial permafrost distribution area in the middle and low latitudes, with the perennial permafrost area accounting for 70% of China's perennial permafrost area. Compared with the high-latitude permafrost, the permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is characterized by high temperature, thin thickness and strong sensitivity. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway crosses the area where permafrost is most developed.
As early as the early 1960s, China's railroad research department organized scientific and technological strength in the Tibetan plateau permafrost area to carry out scientific research, after more than 40 years of testing and research, accumulated a large number of permafrost observation data, and achieved many valuable results. After the construction of the Gera section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway began, the Ministry of Railways attached great importance to the problem of permafrost, and organized the relevant experts to actively explore the theoretical study of permafrost, field tests, investigation and design, and scientific construction, and made a major breakthrough in the combination of the theory of permafrost and the practice of permafrost engineering.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the first model of large-scale and comprehensive application of various engineering measures to solve the problem of permafrost in the field of engineering construction in the world's permafrost area. These brand-new solution ideas and innovations in engineering science and technology mark the fact that the practice of permafrost engineering in Qinghai-Tibet Railway has been in the world's leading level for many years.
World's Best 4: Highest Hourly Speed of Plateau Railway
The speed of permafrost section will reach 100 kilometers per hour
A train of wagons is traveling in the permafrost section under the Tanggula Mountain (taken on June 14th).
After the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is completed and opened to traffic, the train's speed will reach 100 kilometers per hour in the tundra section, which is the highest speed of the train in the world's plateau tundra railroad.
After the completion of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the speed of trains will reach 100 kilometers per hour in the tundra section and 120 kilometers per hour in the non-tundra section, which is the highest speed of trains in the world's plateau tundra railroads.
The world in the permafrost area to build railroads have been more than a century of history, but has been built in the permafrost area of the railroad disease rate is very high, the speed of only 60 to 70 kilometers per hour. According to reports, built in the 1970s, Russia's Beja Railway, 1994 survey of the line disease rate of 27.5%. Nearly a century of operation of the Siberian Railway, 1996 survey of the line disease rate of 45%. China's northeastern forest railroad frozen soil section line disease rate is also high, the disease section train must be slow through, so that the efficiency of railroad transportation has been greatly affected. In the future, the special train for the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will be able to run wildly on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway at a speed of 100 to 120 kilometers per hour. Before the Qinghai-Tibet Railway started construction, frozen soil and high cold and lack of oxygen, ecological fragility has become the three major worldwide road construction problems faced by railroad builders. In order to solve the problem of permafrost that plagued the world's plateau railroad construction field, China's railroad research department as early as the early 1960s, organized scientific and technological forces in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at an altitude of more than 4,800 meters along the wind volcano, set up a permafrost research base - wind volcano observatory. more than 40 years, scientific researchers in the permafrost under the snowy mountains of test section The researchers have persisted in observing and recording meteorological and permafrost changes, accumulating more than 12 million valuable data for the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
On March 1, 2006, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway launched a cargo train for engineering operation test; on May 1, the Gera section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway launched a passenger train without passengers. Through the test, the passenger and cargo trains run well.
It is understood that the upcoming travel on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway passenger car design speed of 160 kilometers per hour, the car body using weather-resistant steel welding structure.
The world's most 5, 6: the highest and longest plateau tundra tunnel
The highest plateau tundra tunnel:
Wind Volcano Tunnel 5010 meters above sea level
Wind Volcano Tunnel is located in the 5010 meters above sea level on the wind volcano, the total length of 1,338 meters, the track surface elevation of 4,905 meters above sea level, all located in the permanent highland permafrost, the world's current It is the highest altitude and the longest plateau tundra tunnel across the tundra area in the world, and is called "the world's first high tunnel". Before the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway began, the western media predicted that the Qinghai-Tibet Railway would not be able to pass through the Wind Volcano, because the underground of the Wind Volcano is full of permafrost all the year round, with the thickness of ice reaching more than 150 meters. In addition, the natural conditions are very harsh, posing a greater threat to the health of the participants in the construction. In the wind volcano tunnel construction, the construction personnel successively overcome the shallow tundra tunnel into the hole, ice rock light explosion, soil ice layer hot melt control and spray protection and so on more than 20 world plateau tundra construction of major scientific research problems. 2002 October 19, Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the wind volcano tunnel triumphantly through.
In 2002, the reporter went into the wind volcano tunnel construction site, outside the tunnel had seen the railroad builders wrote a couplet: "ride the white clouds caressing the blue sky to fight the snowy region to bind the dragon, step on the wind inviting the moon through the world's tallest tunnel," the performance of the builders of the ambition of the clouds, full of pride, and people are in awe of.
The longest plateau tundra tunnel:
Kunlun Mountain Tunnel 1686 meters long
At an altitude of 4767 meters near the mouth of the Kunlun Mountains, is located in the world's longest high plateau tundra tunnel - a total length of 1,686 meters of the Kunlun Mountain Tunnel.
The Kunlun Mountain is a tall and majestic mountain that runs through the center of Asia and is known as the "spine of Asia" and "the ancestor of the Dragon Vein". Kunlun snow in June, in the middle of summer, silver, enchanting. Kunlun Mountain Tunnel is located in the plateau permafrost area, complex geological structure, harsh natural conditions, the tunnel through a number of fracture zones, the entrance to the thick layer of underground ice, the exit for the rock piles, in the middle of the fissure water, groundwater, thawing mud flow, etc., is known as the plateau geology, "kaleidoscope".
It is understood that when building the Kunlun Mountain Tunnel, due to the lack of oxygen, construction workers carrying 5 kg of oxygen bottles, while inhaling oxygen while working, a year of light oxygen can consume 120,000 bottles.
After a year of arduous construction, on September 26, 2002, the Kunlun Mountain Tunnel was successfully opened.
The world's highest 7: the highest railway station
Tanggula station at an altitude of 5068 meters
Tanggula station, the world's highest railway station at an altitude of 5,068 meters (June 11), is the highest railway station in the world.
Qinghai-Tibet Railway: A look back at the dueling Tanggula (photo)
Tanggula Station of Qinghai-Tibet Railway is located in the hinterland of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at an altitude of 5,068 meters, about 600 kilometers away from Lhasa. Tanggula station belongs to the passenger and cargo integrated station, is the highest elevation of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway line at the intermediate station, but also the world's highest railway station.
Located in the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau, Tanggula Mountain is also known as Dangla Mountain, which means "eagle can't fly over the mountains" in Mongolian, and is connected to the Karakoram Mountains. Here the air is extremely thin, the climate is harsh, the air oxygen content is only half of the mainland plains, rolling snow-capped mountains show the "forbidden zone of life" of the vast and mysterious. Being here, you can strongly feel here from the sky is very close, especially at night, the sky full of stars big and bright, almost reachable.
Tanggula Mountain Station highlights the architectural features of the Tibetan people, the station set up a showroom, mainly for the introduction of the Tibetan Plateau scenery and permafrost-related knowledge, the station platform is marked "the highest point of the world's railroads at an altitude of 5,072 meters," (railroads across the Tanggula Mountain pass the highest point) of the monolith. The basic station platform set up sightseeing platform and canopy for tourists to enjoy the snowy landscape, shooting the "roof of the world" unique scenery.
Tanggula station building construction area of 384.2 square meters. In order to facilitate travelers in Tanggula station can watch or shoot the majestic Tanggula mountain peak, the railway department in the original station design based on careful selection of the station location, and finally chose to look at the main peak of the Tanggula mountain in the best place to build the platform, and the construction of the monument and sculpture, is the Qinghai-Tibet Railway one of the best attractions along the whole line. When Tanggula Station comes into operation, it will be heated by environmentally friendly energy sources, mainly electricity, solar energy and wind energy. The station's waste will be collected and centralized.
Tanggula station: clouds to see the "sky road" "Jedi" cast monument
Tanggula station, the world's highest railway station, the main body of the station complex is completed
The world's longest 8
Longest highland tundra Railroad Bridge
The first longest bridge of Qinghai-Tibet Railway reaches 11.7 kilometers
In China's largest "no man's land" - more than 4,600 meters above sea level on the fringe of Coco Sicily National Nature Reserve, a beautiful "rainbow bridge" flies under the Kunlun Snow Mountain, which is 11.7 kilometers in length, known as the Qinghai-Tibet Railway's first longest bridge of the Qingshui River Bridge, which is the world's longest plateau tundra railway bridge. The bridge is also the world's longest highland tundra railroad bridge. Cocozily is cold and lack of oxygen, with scarce vegetation and fragile ecology. At the same time, it is in the plateau permafrost area, with the thickness of permafrost reaching more than 20 meters. In order to solve the problem of construction in plateau tundra and protect the nature reserve, the experts of Qinghai-Tibet Railway survey and design adopted the measure of "using bridge instead of road"." Bridge instead of road" solves the problem of stability of the roadbed in the plateau tundra, at the same time, the bridge between the piers of more than 1,300 bridge holes for the Tibetan antelope and other wild animals to provide a free migration channel.
This is the world's longest plateau tundra railroad bridge -- the 11.7-kilometer-long Qingshuihe Bridge of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
World's Best 9
The Highest Railway Laying Base
The Ando Laying Base of Qinghai-Tibet Railway is 4704 meters above sea level
In the northern part of Ando County of Nagchu Prefecture, Tibet, there is a Qinghai-Tibet Railway laying base covering an area of more than 8,000 square meters and with an elevation of 4,704 meters above sea level - the Ando Laying Base - the highest railroad laying base in the world. All the rails and prefabricated bridges required for more than 530 kilometers of railroads in Tibet are produced by Ando Laying Base. Laying base plays an important role in the construction of the railroad, it is mainly responsible for all kinds of laying materials reserves, with rails and sleepers to produce railroad track, prefabricated bridges, as well as locomotives and other large-scale equipment refurbishment preparations. Ando paving base climate is very harsh, air oxygen content is only half of the mainland plains. It is in this working environment, the base workers still created a single day paving frame 8.1 kilometers of plateau paving record, single-shift production of rail rows up to 110 rows, that is, 2.75 kilometers, which is rare in the domestic railroad rail rows in a single shift production.