How to view science and technology is the first productive force Know

The earliest expression of "science and technology are the first productive forces" (Deng Xiaoping) (September 5 and 12, 1988) I (September 5) The world is changing, and our thoughts and actions must change with it. What good does it do to socialism to close ourselves off and isolate ourselves in the past? History is advancing, but we are stagnating, we are lagging behind. Marx said that science and technology are productive forces, and this has proved to be right. In my opinion, science and technology are the first productive forces. Our fundamental issue is to uphold the beliefs and principles of socialism, develop the productive forces and improve people's living, and for this, we must open up. Otherwise, it is impossible to adhere well to socialism. Take China, the gap between it and Japan in terms of technology in the 1950s was not that big. But we were closed for twenty years and did not put competition in the international market on our agenda, while Japan became an economic power during this period.　　II (September 12) In the long run, attention should be paid to education and science and technology. Otherwise, we have already delayed development for twenty years, which has affected it, and we will have to delay it for another twenty years, with unimaginable consequences. Recently, when I met Husak, I talked about the fact that Marx had spoken of science and technology as a productive force, which is very true, and now it seems that this may not be enough, and I am afraid that it is the first productive force. The way out of agricultural problems in the future will ultimately have to be solved by bioengineering and rely on cutting-edge technology. The importance of science and technology should be fully recognized. Inputs in science and technology, inputs in agriculture should be paid attention to, and then there is the education aspect. We have to do everything we can to solve the problem of education by enduring some, even sacrificing a bit of speed in other areas.　　Attention should be paid to solving the problem of the treatment of a few senior intellectuals. By mobilizing them and respecting them, there will be a group of people who will make a contribution. Didn't we get our own atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs, satellites, and space technology up and running? Our Positive and Negative Electron Collider project is also in the forefront in the world. The issue of the treatment of intellectuals should be resolved over a period of several years so that they will feel hopeful. An old professor at Peking University said, "My salary has been this much since the founding of the country, but now that prices have risen, my standard of living has dropped by two-thirds." No matter how difficult it is for us, we must improve the remuneration of teachers. This is something that has international repercussions. We have tens of thousands of international students, and it is important to create conditions for them to come back and work. Some international students, when they come back, do not have working conditions, and there are no institutions that accept them, and there are some disciplines we don't have yet. We can set up a comprehensive scientific research center and establish a number of specialties, or add some specialties in some existing scientific research institutes and universities, and put these people in them, and they will always make significant contributions in one area. Otherwise, it would be a pity if these people do not come back. The utilization of investment in science and education should be improved, which is also an important part of the reform. To the "Cultural Revolution" when the "old nine" to the first, science and technology is the first productive force, intellectuals are part of the working class.　　Of course, my comments here on education, science and technology, intellectuals, as a strategic policy, a strategic measure. In the long run, the time has come to start solving this problem.　　(These are excerpts from two talks by Comrade Deng Xiaoping, respectively, from his meeting with President Husak of Czechoslovakia on September 5, 1988, and from his talk on September 12, 1988, when he was briefed on the preliminary program of price and wage reform.)　　So: science and technology are the first productive forces was first said by the chief architect Deng Xiaoping