Since the 17th century, smoking has spread throughout the world. Tobacco was introduced to China around the Wanli period (1573-1620) of the Ming Dynasty, when it was introduced to Xiamen from the island of Luzon in the Philippines, which is why it was called "Luzon Tobacco" at that time. It was first planted in Zhangzhou. However, it is also believed that it was first introduced to Taiwan, and then to Zhangzhou and Quanzhou. The exact time and year of introduction is not available, the earliest statement that the third year of the Wanli (1578), but did not provide evidence; the latest statement is the "Guangzhou Botanical Records" (1956), that "when in the 1700s," which does not match the facts. Because that time has been the Qing Dynasty Kangxi years.
Li Shizhen "Compendium of Materia Medica" (1590) did not have a record of tobacco, but Zhao Xuemin's "Gleanings from the Compendium of Materia Medica" (1755) in the tobacco is classified as a fire department, and quoted Zhang Jingyue said, said, "Tobacco flavor of pungent temperature, sex slightly hot ...... this thing has not been heard from the ancient times, near since I Ming Wanli, out of Fujian and Guangdong, since then, Wu and Chu are planted in the soil". German Bailie Chenette in its "Chinese botanical literature" (1870) in a book, also said that China's ancient records of tobacco, porcelain painted with tobacco are also in the 1700 years ago. By the above records, it seems that the introduction of tobacco into China, no later than 1620.
Wanli to the Ming Dynasty after the fall of 25 years, the wind of smoking has been very prevalent. Otherwise, the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Chongzhen would not have strictly prohibited the planting of tobacco and smoking. Tobacco is an annual herbaceous plant, and the part used to make cigarettes is the tobacco leaf. before the 17th century, the main products were cigarillos, pipe tobacco, snuff and chewing tobacco. It was not until 1843 that cigarettes began to be produced. The earliest production in China was Fujian leather tobacco, which has a history of 300 years. Cigarettes were imported by foreigners only in 1890, and the production of cigarettes began in Shanghai around 1905.
Expanded InformationTobacco is an annual or limited perennial herb in the Solanaceae family of the order Solanaceae, with a slightly woody base. Inflorescence terminal, paniculate, many-flowered; capsule ovate or torulose, about as long as the persistent calyx. Flowers and fruits in summer and fall.
Annual or limited perennial herb, glandular hairy throughout; roots stout. Stem 0.7-2 m tall, base slightly woody. Leaves rectangular-lanceolate, lanceolate, rectangular or ovate, apically acuminate, base attenuate to stem auriculate and semiclasping, 10-30(-70) cm long, 8-15(-30) cm wide, stipe inconspicuous or winged stipe. Inflorescences terminal, paniculate, many flowered; pedicels 5-20 mm long. Calyx tubular or tubular-campanulate, 20-25 mm long, lobes triangular-lanceolate, unequal in length; corolla funnel-shaped, light red, tube paler, slightly bowed, 3.5-5 cm long, limb 1-1.5 cm wide, lobes acute; one of the stamens conspicuously shorter than the remaining four, not protruding from corolla throat, filament base hairy. Capsule ovoid or torulose, ca. as long as persistent calyx. Seeds orbicular or broadly torulose, ca. 0.5 mm in diam. Flowering and fruiting in summer and fall.
Tobacco harm is one of the serious public **** health problems in the world today. Numerous scientific evidences show that smoking and secondhand smoke exposure (passive smoking) seriously jeopardize human health. Statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO) show that smoking kills up to 6 million people worldwide each year, an average of one person every six seconds, from smoking-related diseases; half of all smokers will die prematurely from smoking; and about 600,000 non-smokers die each year from secondhand smoke exposure.
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