With the development of technology, the initial computer-assisted surgical system has been developed to be able to assist in planning for different surgical procedures, from the original form of navigation and observation, to develop into a virtual simulation system with operable and interactive. Japan and Europe and the United States have been in the virtual surgery simulation field in a leading position. As early as 1986, Japan, the United States and Switzerland almost simultaneously developed a navigation device consisting of an interactive CT machine, which is the original computer-aided surgery system. In addition to well-known foreign research institutions such as Stanford University, as well as the National Medical Center in Houston have very mature virtual surgical instrument technology, virtual microscope technology, in addition to many companies are currently working on the development of molded surgical simulation systems. In addition, there are a number of research institutions and commercial companies have developed a number of auxiliary software products, the more famous of which are the 3DSlicer developed by David T. Gering of MIT and a series of software products developed by the Belgian company Materialise, which are a variety of ways to centralize a system environment, which can achieve alignment, semi-automatic segmentation, surface modeling, 3D visualization and generation of 3D models, which can also be used to simulate the operation of the surgical instruments. generation, 3D visualization and quantitative analysis, and can achieve preoperative surgical planning and interoperative surgical navigation, and has been
successfully applied in the clinic.
Domestic research in computer-aided surgical systems is mainly concentrated in research institutions and research institutes, such as Tsinghua University, Zhejiang University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Automation and so on have set up medical imaging-related laboratories and research institutes. Most of the research direction is focused on three-dimensional simulation, three-dimensional drawing and soft tissue simulation.