Since medical polymer materials can be controlled by the composition and structure of the material has different physical and chemical properties to meet different needs, biological aging, as a long-term implantable materials with good biological stability and physical and mechanical properties, easy to process and molding, raw materials are easily available, easy to disinfect and sterilize, and therefore by the people are generally concerned about the biomaterials have become the most widely used, It has become the most widely used biomaterials, the largest amount of varieties, in recent years, the development of demand is growing very rapidly. Medical polymer materials research is still in the stage of experience and semi-experience, has not been able to establish in the molecular design based on the relationship between the structure and performance of the material, the chemical composition of the material, the relationship between the surface properties and the compatibility of the living organism tissue as the basis for the research and development of new materials. At present, there are more than 90 varieties of the world's applications, and the consumption of medical polymer materials in Western countries is growing at a rate of 10% to 20% per year. With the improvement of people's living standards and the pursuit of quality of life, China's demand for medical polymer materials will continue to increase.
Synthetic polymer materials can be implanted into the human body to partially or completely replace the organs concerned because they have extremely similar chemical structures and physical properties with the natural polymers of human organs and tissues. Therefore, in the field of modern medicine has been the most widely used, become an important pillar of modern medicine materials. Current research is mainly focused on polymer materials for surgical implants and biodegradable and drug-controlled release materials.
Polymer materials for surgical inserts are resistant to biological aging, have good biological stability and physical and mechanical properties as long-term inserts, are easy to be processed and shaped, and the raw materials are easy to be obtained and sterilized, and have received widespread attention, and these materials are mainly used for soft and hard tissue repair of living organisms, artificial organs, artificial blood vessels, contact lenses, membranes, binders, and cavity products, and so on. Most of them do not have biological activity, are not easy to be firmly combined with tissues, and are prone to toxicity and allergic reactions. However, there are still many aspects of polymer materials for load-bearing implants, and the current research is mainly focused on improving the safety of materials for organisms; improving tissue compatibility and blood compatibility; improving biological properties, and improving mechanical, mechanical and physical properties. In terms of biofilm materials, chitosan, which belongs to linear polymer polysaccharide structure, is a derivative of chitosan deacetylation, non-toxic, non-antigenic, and can be degraded by itself in the organism. Chitosan membrane has the effect of promoting wound healing, has good permeability, and contains free amino groups, can bind acid molecules, is the only alkaline polysaccharide in natural polysaccharides. Thus, it has many special physicochemical properties and physiological functions, and can be used as artificial kidney membrane and artificial skin in medical biomaterials.
The main components of biodegradable medical polymer materials are polylactic acid, polyvinyl alcohol and modified natural polysaccharides and proteins, etc., which are mainly used for the temporary implementation of the replacement of tissues and organs in the clinic, or as a slow-release system of drugs and delivery carriers, absorptive surgical sutures, trauma dressings, etc.. It is characterized by easy degradation, degradation products by metabolism out of the body, no effect on tissue growth, has become the direction of the development of medical polymer materials.
Polymer drug controlled release system can not only improve the efficacy of the drug, simplify the way of drug delivery, greatly reducing the toxic side effects of the drug, and nano-targeted controlled release system so that the drug in the predetermined site, according to the design of the dosage, in the required time frame to a certain rate of slow release in vivo, and to achieve the treatment of certain diseases or regulate the purpose of the fertility of polymers such as polymer peptides or proteins to control the release system new research advances, for the purpose of treating a disease or regulating the birth of a child. The new research progress in the release system shows encouraging prospects for the clinical application of those peptide or protein drugs that are ineffective for oral administration.