Shenzhen VI characters
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Astronauts
Mission astronauts
Fei Junlong, commander
Nie Haisheng, operator
This was the first time two astronauts flew on a space mission. Nie Haisheng celebrated his 41st lunar birthday Oct. 13 in space.
Reserve astronauts
First echelon: Liu Boming, Jing Haipeng
Second echelon: Zhai Zhigang, Wu Jie
Heads of sub-systems
Chief commander of the astronaut system, chief designer: Chen Shanguang
Chief commander of the spaceship application system, chief designer: Gu Yidong
Chief commander of the spaceship system: Shang Zhi. Chief Designer: Zhang Bannan
Commander-in-Chief of Rocket System: Liu Yu, Chief Designer: Liu Zhusheng
Commander-in-Chief of Launching Site System: Zhang Yulin, Chief Designer: Lu Jinrong
Commander-in-Chief of Measurement, Control, and Communication System: Dong Deyi, Chief Designer: Yu Zhijian
Commander-in-Chief of Landing Site System: Sui Qisheng, Chief Designer: Hou Ying
Timeline
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The following times use Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
October 11
22:15-22:17 Astronauts enter the spacecraft
22:53 Shenzhou VI return capsule hatch closes
October 12
00:27 Rocket tower operating bracket opens fully
01:00:00 LM-2 F rocket ignition
01:00:03.583 Shenzhou VI launch
01:02:03 (120th second after ignition) Rocket abandons escape tower
01:02:19 (136th second after ignition) Rocket booster separation
01:02:42 (159th second after ignition) Rocket first and second stages separate, first stage Rocket falls
01:03:23 (200 seconds after ignition) Fairing detached at an altitude of 110 kilometers
01:09:43 (583 seconds after ignition) Spaceship and rocket separated successfully at an altitude of about 200 kilometers
01:09:52 Shenzhou VI enters the scheduled orbit
07:56 Shenzhou VI spacecraft Orbit change
Oct 13
02:10 Astronauts conduct on-orbit anti-jamming test
18:21 Sea conditions deteriorate in the area where Farwatch 1, Farwatch 2 and Farwatch 3 are situated
21:56 Shenzhou 6 performs its first orbital maintenance after orbit change
Oct 15
08:29 -08:31 Astronauts speak with Hu Jintao, President of the People's Republic of China*** and the People's Republic of China.
October 16
18:40 Shenzhou VI enters its 76th orbit around the Earth, over the Qingdao station's measurement and control area
18:44 Shenzhou VI's return command is unlocked
19:10 The dispatcher of the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center (BAFCC) announces that the return segment tracking has entered the 30-minute readiness
19:17 Shenzhou VI is
19:18 The propulsion module's solar sailboard is zeroed vertically
19:42 The Far-Eye Survey Vessel No. 3 captures the signal of Shenzhou VI
19:43-19:48 The Far-Eye Survey Vessel No. 3 carries out a series of key control measures for Shenzhou VI, such as attitude adjustment, separation of the orbital module from the return voyage, and braking and firing, etc.
19:49 The Shenzhou VI successfully enters into the return section of the spacecraft, and is ready for the return section. Shenzhou VI has entered the scheduled return orbit smoothly
19:43 Far Sight 3 sends commands to Shenzhou VI, and the first attitude adjustment of Shenzhou VI begins
19:44 Orbital module and return module are successfully separated
19:45 Propulsion module engine fires up, and the return voyage begins
19:48:29 The propulsion module orbital control engine shuts down, and flies out of the Far Sight 3 survey ship. It flies out of the measurement and control section of the Far Sight 3 survey ship
19:52 The capsule flies over the African continent, coming towards China
20:02 The capsule flies over South Asia, and the astronauts report that the spacecraft is working normally, and they feel good
20:07 The Propulsion Module and the Return Module are successfully separated
20:13 The capsule enters the communication blackout area
20:16 The landing site is in the blackout zone, and the spacecraft is in the blackout zone.
20:16 Landing site measurement and control equipment found the spacecraft
20:19 Main parachute cover of the Return Module opened
20:20 Deceleration parachute, main parachute opened, helicopter has visualized the target
20:23 Thermal bottom of the Return Module was successfully thrown off
20:33 The Return Module was successfully landed
21:04 Door of Return Module opened
21:04 The door of Return Module was opened
21:05 The landing site was opened.
21:39 The two astronauts, Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng, left the capsule
Launch
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Shenzhou 6 was launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center at 9:00 a.m. Beijing time (UTC+8) on October 12, 2005, with Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng, the two Chinese astronauts, going into space for a five-day flight. The estimated flight time is five days. They will first run five laps in an elliptical orbit with an orbital inclination of 42.4 degrees, a perigee altitude of 200 kilometers and an apogee altitude of 347 kilometers, and then enter a 343-kilometer circular orbit after the implementation of the orbit change; it will take 90 minutes to fly around the Earth, and the flight trajectory will be projected on the ground as a sinusoidal curve that is constantly moving to the east. The orbital characteristics are the same as those of Shenzhou V.
In orbit
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At 17:29 on October 12, astronaut Fei Junlong opened the hatch between Shenzhou VI's return module and the orbital module, and entered the orbital module to carry out space science experiments.
Starting at 4:00 on October 13, the astronauts carried out the on-orbit interference force test, consciously increasing the amplitude of movement in the cabin to test the impact of human perturbation on the attitude of the spacecraft. After opening and closing the hatch, wearing and taking off the pressure suit, wearing the cabin, extracting condensate four major "in-orbit interference force" test, the astronauts' activities on the spacecraft attitude has a very small impact, the spacecraft can maintain a normal flight, do not need to correct the spacecraft attitude.
Early in the morning of October 14, Shenzhou VI in the 30th circle for the first orbit maintenance after the orbit change, that is, according to the orbit fine measurement parameters for micro-adjustment, so that the spacecraft to return to the normal orbit predetermined. Maintenance, Shenzhou VI engine *** ignition 6.5 seconds, the spacecraft lifted 800 meters.
At 16:29 on October 15, Hu Jintao spoke with astronauts Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng. at 18:05, the astronauts transmitted digital images of the spacecraft's solar sail panels they had taken to the Beijing Space Flight Control Center.
Landing
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After completing its scheduled mission, the spacecraft returned to the main landing site in Siziwangqi, Inner Mongolia, by means of lift re-entry. The Shenzhou VI manned spacecraft needs to go through four phases to return to the ground: the braking flight phase, the free gliding phase, the re-entry phase and the landing phase. In this flight around the ground, "Shenzhou VI" orbital module and the return capsule separation, will continue to fly in orbit for six months, to carry out a series of scientific experiments.
As the first manned spacecraft Shenzhou V only flew one day in space, the main landing site of the weather changes can be accurately predicted in time, and therefore have not been activated deputy landing site; Shenzhou VI spacecraft will fly in space for many days, the weather is difficult to accurately predict, so the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center will be activated as a back-up landing site. In order to prepare for the possible return of the spacecraft at any time, 13 landing sites have been set up on the ground***. In addition to the main and secondary landing sites at Siziwangqi in Inner Mongolia and the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, there are 11 emergency landing sites at home and abroad. The landing site system includes the main and secondary landing site subsystems, land emergency search and rescue subsystems, sea emergency search and rescue subsystems, communication subsystems and astronauts medical supervision and medical insurance subsystems of the five subsystems.
The equipment involved in astronaut SAR includes: search and rescue helicopters, search and rescue helicopters, search and recording helicopters, command and control vehicles, astronauts' medical supervision and medical insurance vehicles, engineering transportation vehicles, astronauts' transportation vehicles, return capsule cranes and small search vehicles.
In order to ensure the safety of God VI and the two astronauts home, the design of four giant parachutes. Return module in the landing process, at least one after another to open the guidance umbrella, deceleration umbrella, the main parachute *** 3 umbrellas, if necessary, but also open the fourth backup umbrella. Spacecraft return capsule parachute can be opened smoothly, directly related to the success or failure of the recovery. The main parachute can not be opened all at once, otherwise it will be blown by the high-speed airflow, the return capsule will also be broken. After the spacecraft landed, not everything is fine, if the huge parachute is blown by the wind drum, it may drag the return capsule to roll quickly. In order to plan for safety, the return capsule landing a moment, the astronauts issued a command, the cutter on the cabin will cut off the parachute rope harness, so that the parachute floats down alone, to ensure that the return capsule is not dragged away by the umbrella.
In addition, according to the Shenzhou V astronaut Yang Liwei's comments, in order to minimize the impact on the astronauts when landing on Shenzhou VI, the cabin astronauts' seats are also the first time to install the "empowered shock-absorbing cushions" - according to the different characteristics of the astronauts' shape and body made of energy-absorbing cushions, can be quickly dispersed in the moment of impact, to avoid human injury. The cushion can quickly disperse the stress on the human body in the event of an impact, avoiding damage to the human body.
At 3:44 a.m. on October 17, 2005, the orbital module of the spacecraft was successfully separated from the return module, and at 3:45 a.m., the engines of the spacecraft were successfully ignited and began to return. At 4:07 a.m., the spacecraft's propulsion module was successfully separated from the return module, which reentered the Earth on its own.
During the landing, there was a point of light in the night sky at the main landing site of Siziwangqi, which was like a shooting star crossing the night sky. The return capsule passed through the atmosphere at 4:13, generating high temperatures, forming a communication black barrier area, once suspended contact with the control center for up to three minutes. At 4:20, the return module opened the main parachute and slowly landed in the main landing site of Siziwangqi. At 4:33, the return module successfully landed, and the two astronauts, Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng, reported to the control center that they were safe, and the staff of the control center applauded and celebrated. About half an hour later, search and rescue helicopters first spotted the module, and the actual landing site was only 1 kilometer different from the expected one. After the staff opened the door of the return capsule, the medical staff examined the two astronauts and suggested that they could leave the capsule on their own.
Unlike Shenzhou 5 astronaut Yang Liwei, Fei Junlong first climbed out of the capsule on his own, wearing a space suit, and waved to the staff at the scene. Nie Haisheng also climbed out of the hatch, walked down the iron ladder. 2 people sat on a chair, accept the staff to offer flowers, and thank you for the care and love, Fei Junlong said, the space journey is very smooth, they work and live in the space capsule is very good, now the physical condition is good. 2 astronauts in space stayed 115.5 hours, Shenzhou 5 spacecraft flight time is more than 5 times, to create the longest time Chinese in space, successful. The two astronauts stayed in space for 115.5 hours, more than five times the flight time of Shenzhou V, making it the longest stay in space by a Chinese man. Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng were picked up by a helicopter after their return to the ground, followed by a special flight back to Beijing, where they were temporarily quarantined for 14 days.
Technical improvements
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More than 40 pieces of equipment and six pieces of software were newly added to the spacecraft, bringing the spacecraft to more than 600 pieces of equipment, 82 pieces of software, and more than 100,000 pieces of components, and 110 technological improvements were made in four areas.
Improvements around the two-man, multi-day mission: the food cupboards were put to real use, and water for the astronauts was prepared in two ways, through water tanks and separate soft packs. The condensate tank was enlarged, and all exposed piping was labeled with absorbent material to ensure that the spacecraft humidity was kept below 80%.
Improvements in the functional use of the Orbital Module: Food warmers and utensils were placed. There is a sleeping bag hanging in the orbital module for two astronauts to take turns resting. There is also a special cleaning cabinet in the orbital module, in which astronauts can use warm wipes and other items for cleaning. The urine and feces collection device is also used for the first time this time.
Improvements to enhance the safety of astronauts: The seat cushion for astronauts was redesigned so that astronauts could see out the porthole after the seat was lifted before returning. A rapid automatic detection device for the hatch closure between the return module and the orbit module has been successfully developed. Developed a special rag, this cloth does not produce fiber, static electricity, odor, specifically for cleaning the hatch.
Continuous improvement: the "black box" is not only 100 times larger than the original storage capacity, and data writing and reading speed has increased by more than 10 times, but less than half the original volume.
Passenger
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The Shenzhou VI spacecraft on board the items *** eight categories of 64 kinds of goods, mainly manned space project souvenirs, such as stamps, paintings, flags and other souvenirs, as well as microbial strains used to carry out scientific experiments and crop seeds.
Experimental use
Some eggs, silkworm eggs and Yunnan Pu'er tea will go up with Shenzhou VI to study the possibility of genetic mutation.
The spacecraft was placed on the beating heart muscle cells and wall stretching osteoblasts of 24 cell culture boxes, astronauts and ground staff synchronized two copies of the same living cells to conduct a series of scientific comparative experiments, the study of the space environment affects the cellular molecular mechanism of the heart and bones, and through the space real-time flight to verify the placed in the cell culture fluid, the ground screened out the protective effect of the drug. Effectiveness. The astronauts will operate the 24 sample boxes in three time periods. During the operation, the astronauts will place the cell culture tape on their legs, squeeze the two capsules containing activator and fixative to activate or fixate the living cells according to the different time periods, and examine the status and changes of the cell samples under different gravity conditions before and after the spacecraft enters the orbit.
Commemorative use
There are 10 grams of special clay, consisting of 9 grams of mainland clay and 1 gram of Taiwan clay, which means ten perfect, hoping that the two sides of the Taiwan Strait can realize peaceful unification.
The national flag of the Polar Expedition, the flag of the International Olympic Committee, the flag of the Shanghai World Expo, and the flags of "National Defense Education" and "Witnessing China's Soaring", as well as works of calligraphy and painting by celebrities, such as "The Six Stallions", "Ode to the Shenzhou", and "Miles of the Long March", are also included.
Response from around the world
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Hong Kong - Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Chief Executive Donald Tsang Yam-kuen congratulates on the successful launch of Shenzhou VI; lawmakers send greeting cards to the central government.
U.S. - U.S. State Department spokesman Herrera said China is the third country in the world to successfully develop manned space technology, and that the U.S. welcomes China's peaceful development of space research
NASA Administrator John Griffin issued a statement on October 12, saying that the liftoff of Shenzhou VI proves that China has become one of the "elite nations". The statement said, "China has once again demonstrated that it is one of the 'elite nations' that can carry people into space. We wish them well in their mission and look forward to the safe return of their astronauts
RUSSIA - "Another powerful country has joined the space club," said Roscosmos deputy head Vladimir Morshiev. We are looking forward to further cooperation with them in all areas, including human space flight," he said. He also said Russia was "closely monitoring" China's space program
JAPAN - Japanese Chief Cabinet Secretary Hiroyuki Hosoda also congratulated China on the successful launch of Shenzhou VI, saying it had nothing to do with the country's growing military threat.
Why Shenzhou spacecraft can directly carry human spaceflight
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The former Soviet Union and the United States have conducted several spaceship-carrying monkey, dog or orangutan tests to check the life-support system of the spaceships before they formally carry people into space. China, however, has never conducted animal tests inside a spacecraft since it began launching the Shenzhou-1 spacecraft in 1999.
Related experts explained that China's launch of Shenzhou spacecraft is not the reason for animal-carrying tests, mainly based on three reasons: First, there is a difference between the physiological system of the animal and the human, the measurement of the data may not be reliable, and in the event of an accident, I do not know what the reason is. The second is that monkeys on board the spacecraft will not sit honestly in their seats and are prone to get into trouble. The third reason, and the most important, is that the former Soviet Union and the United States conducted animal-carrying experiments because at that time humans had not yet gone to heaven, and there were still many uncertainties about whether the long-term weightless environment would have any effect on human life, so it was necessary to explore and study the situation by carrying animals. Now foreign countries have experience in human spaceflight, indicating that it is feasible for people to fly in space, such as the former Soviet Union, an astronaut has been flying and living in space for more than 400 days, and is still very healthy after coming back. At the same time, with the development of science and technology, it is possible for us to simulate the data of various changes in the body of a real person flying in space, and to provide astronauts with a suitable living environment through the environmental control and life-support systems of the spacecraft. Therefore, before the official manned flight of Shenzhou spacecraft, there will be no need to carry out the test of carrying animals, but to use simulated people to carry out the space orbit flight test, and to use the scientific devices carried by the simulated people to provide all kinds of data on the flight of human beings in space. This will make our tests more scientific and rational.
Shenzhou VI "first"
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First multi-person space travel
"Shenzhou V" only Yang Liwei a passenger, but on October 12, space ushered in two The two astronauts of China's Shenzhou VI, Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng, were invited to join the flight. The increase in the number of people has brought different degrees of changes to all aspects of the mission and engineering systems. For example, the equipment to be carried has to be doubled, and the two astronauts have the problem of coordinating with each other. A two-person flight is a more comprehensive assessment of the performance of the spacecraft and other engineering systems than a single-person flight.
The first multi-day space flight
Shen Wu flew for only 21 hours, circling the Earth 14 times. Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng operated in orbit for many days, greatly increasing the number of laps and distance flown. The longer they stay in space, the greater the probability of problems occurring and the more complex the flight control. The flight control system personnel updated the computer terminal, and the data recording method was also upgraded. The "Shenliu" has developed more than 150 failure modes and countermeasures for operation in orbit, so that if the failure is serious, the spacecraft will be able to return in an emergency at every turn.
First space experiments
During the Shenzhou 5 flight, Yang Liwei stayed in the return capsule and did not conduct any space science experiments. This time, two astronauts entered the orbital module from the return module to live and carry out space science experiments. This is the first space science experiment in China in which people were involved. Without human participation in scientific experiments, the content and effect of the experiments will be greatly restricted. Human participation will enable space science experiments to realize a qualitative leap.
The first spacecraft orbital maintenance
At 5:56 on October 14, under the unified command and dispatch of the Beijing Space Flight Control Center, "Shenzhou VI" carried out the first orbital maintenance. The spacecraft engine ignited for 6.5 seconds. Later, the astronauts' report and ground monitoring showed that the first orbit maintenance was a complete success. Due to the influence of atmospheric resistance and the Earth's gravity, the spacecraft's flight orbit will gradually decline. In order to ensure normal operation, the flight control experts decided to fine-tune the orbit of the spacecraft in the 30th lap of the Shenzhou VI flight according to the predetermined plan, so as to make its orbit more precise.
First flight of 3.25 million kilometers
Yang Liwei flew 600,000 kilometers on the "Shenwu", and this time the "Shen6" at a speed of about 7.820,185 kilometers per second, 343 kilometers from the ground in a circular orbit. The flight distance is 3.25 million kilometers. With a distance of 3.25 million kilometers, Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng have become the farthest-flying Chinese.
First time to put on and take off spacesuits in space
Yang Liwei has been wearing an onboard spacesuit during the Shenzhou 5 flight, and this is the first time that the two astronauts have taken off their suits and gone to the orbital module. Space suits are actually more than just clothing, they are an individual protection and security system for manned spaceflight. The space suit used this time is the same as the one worn by Yang Liwei last time, except that Yang Liwei did not take it off. The spacesuits weigh more than 10 kilograms, and after training, they can all be put on and taken off in two or three minutes.
First time in space to eat hot food
"Shen five" flight of 21 hours, Yang Liwei only ate small moon cakes and other ready-to-eat food, drinking mineral water, and this time the two astronauts in space for the first time to eat a hot meal hot food. Chinese people like to eat hot meals, and long flights must have a food heating device, so this time the spaceflight food experts specially designed a food heating device that can heat up food in 30 minutes.
The first time the space sleeping bag
Yang Liwei lying on the seat to sleep for two, during which sleep has half an hour. This flight, the two astronauts for the first time to use the space sleeping bag, sleep time increased. After the flight time is lengthened, astronauts must have enough sleep to ensure the health of the body and the normal conduct of scientific experiments. This time, experts used warm fabrics to design a space sleeping bag, fixed on the bulkhead of the orbital module for the astronauts to rest.
First time to set up urine and feces collection device
Yang Liwei did not go to the toilet in space, "God six" for the first time in the orbital module equipped with urine and feces collector. In space, going to the toilet is a problem. In the last flight, Yang Liwei used a urine collection device similar to the "diaper". The "Shenliu" has added a urine and feces collector, which is capable of sucking away excrement and removing odors through a deodorizing device.
For the first time, the environmental control and life support system was fully activated
Shenzhou Shenzhou VI fully activated the environmental control and life support system for the first time. Through more than 110 technical improvements, the spacecraft has improved its ability to condense water vapor, ensuring that the spacecraft's humidity is controlled at less than 80 percent; and improved the landing cushion function of the seats, which not only protects the astronauts, but also allows them to see out the porthole even when they are lifted up by their seats on the way back.
For the first time, a rocket safety mechanism has been added
Compared with the previous rocket, the Long 2F rocket, which launched Shenzhou VI, has 75 technical changes that make it safer, more reliable and more comfortable, as well as more functions. To ensure the safety of the astronauts, the rocket for the first time added a safety mechanism to the escape engine to prevent the rocket from misfire and other phenomena, further improving the safety of the rocket launch.
First time camera installed
The camera was installed for the first time on the Long 2F rocket for the Shenzhou VI launch, which can send back real-time images of the rocket's movements from takeoff to ship-arrow separation to help the ground observe and judge the rocket's status more accurately. This time, two cameras were added to the rocket, one inside the fairing and the other outside.
Sub-landing site activated for the first time
The biggest difference compared with the landing site system of Shenzhou-5 is that the Shenzhou-6 mission has fully activated the sub-landing site near Jiuquan for the first time. Due to the limitations of the current technical conditions, it is not yet possible to accurately forecast the meteorological changes over many days. Therefore, when choosing the landing time of the spacecraft, there is no guarantee that the meteorological conditions of the main landing site are suitable for landing. The secondary landing site, which is 1,000 kilometers away from the main landing site in Siziwangqi, a grassland in central Inner Mongolia, can serve as a meteorological backup.
First image transmission equipment launched
The rocket's monitors -- vehicle-mounted telemetry stations -- are located in Jiuquan, Weinan and Qingdao, and are mainly responsible for telemetry measurements throughout the launch flight of the carrier rocket, which enables ground commanders to grasp the rocket's operating status in real time. This time, the equipment distributed in Jiuquan has a new image transmission equipment, which is independently developed and used for the first time by China. This equipment is capable of transmitting images of the launch process to the ground in real time, which is a big leap forward compared with the previous situation where the flight status of the rocket could only be simulated through three-dimensional animation.
First use of new radar
The main landing site of Shenzhou VI used for the first time the LAP-3000 wind profile radar and a 102-meter-high wind tower, which greatly improved the accuracy of forecasting shallow winds.
The first live broadcast of a manned launch
During the launch of Shenzhou VI, CCTV organized a powerful lineup to broadcast the whole process of a manned space launch for the first time, so that the people of the country and even the whole world could see the wonderful performance of Shenzhou VI. "
They are the first to do so, and they are the first to do so in the world.