Drowning, how to first aid?

People submerged in water, due to the respiratory tract is water, sludge, weeds and other impurities blocked, the larynx, trachea after the projectile spasm, causing asphyxiation and lack of oxygen, known as drowning. \x0d\\\\x0d\\If you are not familiar with the water accidentally fell into the water, no one nearby to help, first of all, you should remain calm, do not stir the hands and feet desperately struggling, which can only make the body premature exhaustion, the body sink more quickly. The correct self-help practices are: immediately after falling into the water, hold your breath, kick off the shoes, and then relax the limbs waiting to float out of the water, because the lungs are like a large airbag, hold your breath after the specific gravity of the human than the water is lighter, so the human body in the water after a period of time after a period of time after the downward will automatically float. When you feel the beginning of floating, should be kept as far as possible to the supine position, so that the head tilted back. As long as you do not struggle, the body will not lose balance in the water. In this way, your mouth and nose will be the first to surface to breathe and call for help. Try to breathe in through your mouth and out through your nose to prevent choking. \x0d\\\\\x0d\\\ as long as you can keep your mouth and nose slightly above the water to breathe and call for help, wait for your rescuer to arrive with a calm mind. Never try to stick your whole head out of the water, this would be a fatal mistake, as sticking your head out of the water is impossible for someone who cannot swim, and this sure-fire failure will make the person in the water even more tense and passive, thus undoing the whole self-rescuer effort. When the rescuer appears, the water as long as the sanity still exists, never panic to grasp the rescuer's hands, legs, waist and other parts, must listen to the rescuer's command, let him take you to swim to shore. Otherwise, not only can not be saved, but even the rescuer's life. \x0d\\\x0d\\ For people who can swim drowning occurs mostly encountered accidents, hand and foot cramps are the most common. Mainly due to the water before the preparatory activities are not sufficient, the water temperature is cold or long time swimming too fatigue reasons. Calf cramps will feel a sudden spasmodic pain in the calf stomach, at this time can be changed to backstroke position, first with one hand to grasp the affected side of the thumbs pumping dorsiflexion direction of the pull, and then pinch the affected side of the leg stomach, can be relieved, if the wrist muscle spasms, can be up and down the finger flexion and stretching, and the other hand auxiliary to the pressure can be pinched. After a long period of swimming conscious body services not support, can be changed to backstroke, with hands and feet gently paddling can make the mouth and nose easily floating in the water on top of the surface, adjusting the breathing, the whole body relaxation, a little rest after swimming to the shore or floating on the water surface waiting for rescue. On the contrary, panic caused by the tension of the muscles around the body premature exhaustion of physical strength and drowning. Swimming in the lake, due to the water is not familiar with the situation once the water grass tangled feet, you can take a deep breath and dive into the water, quickly will be entangled in the water grass to free, and then return by the way, do not continue to go deep. Swimming in the river, sometimes encountered a huge whirlpool, this time should be the fastest speed along its tangential direction to swim away from the center of the whirlpool, and must not take the upright treadmill position in order to prevent the powerful whirlpool sucked into the water. In case of being swept underwater, you should also take a deep breath before entering the water and try to fight underwater by snorkeling, at this time, the tenacious sense of life-saving is your only hope of being rescued. \x0d\\\x0d\\ when found in the water, the rescuer if you do not know how to swim the best not to venture into the water to save people, first of all, should be to the place where there is a loud call, while as soon as possible to find a convenient and desirable floating objects thrown to the fallen, such as life buoys, wooden blocks, and so on. If there is really no, the rescuer can quickly take off his pants in the water soaked, tight pants inflatable and then tight pants after the waist, thrown to the water. And told not to try to climb up and rely on it to struggle ashore, only to catch with their hands, by floating their heads out of the water to breathe, patiently wait until the rescue personnel arrive; rescuers can also find a long bamboo pole, a long rope or will be connected to the belt scarf thrown to the man in the water to pull him ashore; if found in the winter to step on the broken surface of the ice of the man in the water, the rescuer must lie down in the ice to approach, try to alleviate the body localized to the pressure of ice to prevent the pressure broke the ice and fell into the water, and the rescuers will not be able to find the man in the water. Pressure breaks the ice surface into the water, and then in the scarf, long rope or bamboo pole thrown to the man overboard to pull him ashore. \x0d\\\x0d\\If the rescuer will swim before going into the water should be removed as soon as possible before the pants and shoes, the conditions should be as far as possible to carry floats into the water to save people, so that the person who has fallen into the water to grab the float rescuer and then assist in swimming to shore; if there is no float, the rescuer to the person who has fallen into the water close to be careful not to be caught by it, it is best to approach the back of the person who has fallen into the water from the back of the person who has fallen into the water with one hand from the front chest stretching straight to the opposite side of the armpits, the head tightly clamped in their own. Its head tightly clamped in their own chest pulled out of the water, the other hand paddling, backstroke will be off to the shore, for the conscious person to tell loudly, only to give up struggling to listen to the command in order to live. In the rescue process must make the head and face of the person in the water exposed to the surface of the water, one can ensure its smooth breathing, the second can reduce the sense of crisis and fear of the person in the water to reduce the struggle, so that the rescuer can save energy, smooth out of danger. Once the rescuer is caught by the water will be a very dangerous situation, because in the water and its entanglement will consume a lot of energy rescuer, and ultimately will not be able to implement the rescue or even physical exhaustion and death. Therefore, the rescuer should try to avoid this unfortunate situation when approaching the person who has fallen into the water. \x0d\\\\x0d\\\rescue in the rescue to see the location of the person who fell into the water, fast approaching that is to dive into the water around to the back of its head with a single arm clamped to implement the rescue, so that the person who fell into the water can not grab any part of you. Rescue the following accident was drowning tightly wrapped around the body, the rescuer should be in a state of emergency, will fall into the water up to the surface of the water at the same time they take the initiative to sink, fall into the water once on the surface of the water to breathe the air will not be desperately grasping the sinking human body, at this time the rescuer and then wait for the opportunity to free to complete the rescue. \x0d\\\x0d\\ drowning person is rescued to the shore, timely and effective on-site first aid is vital to save their lives. The kind of ashore only focus on empty out the water swallowed into the stomach or scramble to transfer to the hospital practice will miss the most effective rescue time. \x0d\\\x0d\\ First of all, the drowning person's mouth and nose should be cleared of sludge, weeds and other foreign objects, and the movable dentures should be removed so that they do not fall into the trachea. Keep the airway open. Unwrap the underwear, bra, belt, etc., which are tightly wrapped around the chest wall, so that the respiratory movement is not bound by external forces. This process should be done on fire. \x0d\\\x0d\ for still have a heartbeat breathing, but there is obvious respiratory obstruction of the drowning person, the first drainage treatment, the method is: rescuer one leg kneeling and one leg bending the knee, the drowning person's abdomen on the bent thigh, so that its actually part of the sagging, and then pat its back to make the oropharynx and trachea in the drainage of the water. Drainage treatment should be as short as possible, the action should be agile, if the drainage of water is not much, never for this reason more delay and affect other resuscitation measures. \x0d\\\x0d\\If you judge that the drowning person's breathing and heartbeat have stopped, under the condition of keeping the airway open, immediately carry out mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration and chest heart massage. Artificial respiration in the initial to the drowning person's lungs when blowing must be used vigorously, in order to make the gas pressurized into the irrigation of atrophic lungs, as early as possible to improve the state of asphyxia. Medical personnel should be quickly invited to the scene to participate in the resuscitation at the same time as the on-site resuscitation. After initial on-site resuscitation, the patient should be quickly transferred to a nearby hospital to continue CPR treatment. Mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration and under chest cardiac massage should be interrupted during the transfer. \x0d\\\\\x0d\\ after the scene first aid drowning person's heartbeat respiration recovery, you can take off the wet and cold clothing to dry blankets wrapped all over the body to keep warm; if in cold weather or a long period of time immersed in the water, in the warmth at the same time should also be given to warming treatment, will be hot water bag into the blanket, pay attention to prevent scalding occurs. \x0d\\\x0d\\ "Resuscitation of children from drowning" \x0d\\x0d\ Every summer, we always hear of children whose young lives are taken by drowning. If you do a good job of prevention at the same time, learn first aid at the scene of drowning, can undoubtedly make the dying child back to life, reduce the occurrence of tragedy. Drowning first aid, the key in a "early" word. After drowning, the respiratory tract is blocked by water, bronchial spasm, the lungs can not carry out gas exchange, so that the body is seriously lacking in oxygen. Can also be due to cold water or inhalation stimulation caused by laryngeal spasms, vocal folds closed, respiratory, cardiac arrest. Oxygen reserves in the body are very small and can only sustain the body's metabolism for 6 minutes after complete cessation of respiration. If breathing is not restored in time, the heartbeat will stop and brain cells will die. Therefore, drowning children are rescued from the shore, the first thing to do is not to rush to find a doctor or send to the hospital, but to fight for ventilation and resuscitation. \x0d\\\x0d\ First, quickly check if the child is breathing and has a heartbeat. If the child's lips are purple or pale, breathing is slow or stops, there is no response to stimulation, the pulse is not palpable, and there is no beating sensation in the precordial area, the breathing and heartbeat may have stopped, and artificial respiration and chest compressions should be carried out immediately at the scene. The specific method of \x0d\\\x0d\\ artificial respiration is to let the child lie on his or her back, unbutton the neck collar, pick out foreign objects from the mouth and throat with the hand, and try to suction out the airway if it is blocked by sewage, blood clots, or vomit to make the airway open. The rescuer holds the lower jaw with one hand, so that the head is fully tilted back to avoid the tongue falling back and ensure that the gas enters the respiratory tract; the other hand pinches the nostrils, inhales y, and blows into the child's mouth, which instantly reveals that the child's chest is bulging, and then leaves the mouth and relaxes the nostrils. At this time, the child's chest will automatically sink and exhale gas. Repeat this process continuously, blowing about 20 times per minute. If the child is young, the frequency can be slightly faster, but should not exceed 40 times per minute, and continue until voluntary breathing is restored, and should not be easily abandoned. As long as the arteries are pulsating and the dilated pupils are contracting, there is hope for resuscitation. The amount of air blown each time should not be too large, so as to make the child's chest and abdomen slightly raised, too large can cause the child's alveoli to rupture. The specific method of \x0d\\x0d\\ chest cardiac compression is to place the drowning child on his back on a hard board or flat surface, while performing mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration, the resuscitator will first place the left palm of his hand flatly on the anterior region of the child's heart, and with the right hand clenched into a fist, he will hammer the back of the left hand a few times in order to make the heart beat again. The strength of the force depends on the size of the child, if it is a big child, the force used should also be larger. Whether it is effective or not, chest compressions should be performed one after another. Rescuer a palm or both palms placed on the lower part of the sternum (equivalent to the level of the two nipples in the center), the elbow joint will be straightened, rhythmically to the spine direction to carry out the appropriate amount of pressure action, the force should not be too strong, in order to prevent rib fracture, pneumothorax, rupture of the liver and other complications, about 80 times per minute. \x0d\\\\\x0d\\\If one person is resuscitated, mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration and chest cardiac compression should be performed at the same time, in the ratio of 15:2, i.e., for every 15 compressions of the heart, artificial respiration should be performed for two times, and repeated alternation. \After 1 minute of resuscitation, check the carotid artery pulsation and every minute thereafter. If the carotid artery has pulsation, lip and mouth bruises better or pupil from large to small, indicating that the resuscitation is effective. While resuscitating, try to rush to a nearby hospital for better resuscitation measures. Do not stop chest heart massage and artificial respiration and other resuscitation methods during the transfer. \x0d\\\x0d\\ For children who are still breathing and have a heartbeat, pouring water can be given to help breathing. The method is, the child will lie prone on the shoulder, head and feet are down, the rescuer carries its back and forth running. This encourages the expulsion of water from the lungs on the one hand, and assists breathing on the other. \x0d\\\\x0d\\\\calculus children who woke up soon after the first aid, can drink some brown sugar and ginger soup or strong tea water, and apply antimicrobials for 5 to 7 days to prevent aspiration pneumonia. For asphyxia for a long time, although through the resuscitation to restore the heartbeat breathing, but the condition is still more critical, should be in the hospital for observation and treatment.