China's only national defense mobilization ship
Shichang is a comprehensive training ship named after national hero Deng Shichang, and is China's only national defense mobilization ship, with the port number "82". The ship belongs to the Dalian Naval Academy of the Chinese Navy and is a brother ship to the Zheng He ship, which is responsible for the naval cadet navigation practice training, medical care, aviation training, reserve personnel training, transportation of military and civilian materials, defense summer camps and friendly visits and other tasks.
Basic performance
It is well known that some developed countries' navies are taking the new way of combining peace and war, in order to reduce the development scale of conventional ships and ensure the development of key equipment. During the Anglo-African Battle of the Isle of Man, the Royal Navy mobilized more than 40 civilian ships to participate in the war within a week. Civilian ships on the way to Mashima, while ferrying and refitting, after arriving at Mashima, all refitted, and participated in the naval battle, so that the British side with a smaller defense spending to win the victory, creating a contemporary example of the combination of naval peace and war.
In order to explore the effective way of China's wartime civilian ship mobilization refitting, under the support of the State Planning Commission and the General Staff, the naval equipment department had organized the 708th unit of the China State Shipbuilding Corporation to carry out the research work on the "Huayuankou" ship belonging to COSCO as the object of the refitting project, and completed the technical design. According to this design, the Huayuankou would have the functions of container transportation, helicopter training, and a 30-member medical team during wartime, but the final modification could not be carried out due to various constraints. By the time of the "8th Five-Year Plan" period, the Navy Equipment Department to build a national defense mobilization ship plan again by the State Planning Commission, the General Staff and the National Defense Science and Technology Industry Committee for approval and support, the Shichang national defense mobilization ship came into being.
It is reported that the design of the Shichang national defense mobilization ship by the China State Shipbuilding Corporation 708 undertook, on December 28, 1996 was formally installed in service. Shichang 120.8 meters long, 18 meters, 40 meters high, draft 4.8 meters, standard displacement of 9105 tons, full load displacement of more than 10,000 tons. Power plant for the 2 diesel engines, bi-axial propulsion, economic speed of 16 knots, maximum speed of 19.3 knots, maximum range of 8,000 nautical miles, self-sustainability of 30 days and nights. Shichang is equipped with relatively advanced automatic navigation, telemetry, communication system, can be in a variety of complex sea area for long-term navigation. Its cabins are reasonably distributed, with cabins for navigation, navigation practice, medical care, wards, public **** activities, cooking, equipment, and living rooms. The ship's living equipment and appliances are complete, with the level of "hotelization". The ship's living accommodation facilities can meet the training needs of 200 sea-going students, with two chart rooms for not less than 60 students to carry out sea-going operations at the same time, and the necessary navigation equipment and closed-circuit television system for sea-going teaching.
Flexible, advanced performance
Shichang actually takes the container ship, which accounts for a large proportion of the current merchant fleet, as the basic ship type, and explores the way of rapid conversion of the merchant fleet represented by container ships to form the logistic support fleet of the naval fleet under the state of total mobilization in wartime through the design of the functional modules of standard containers and the flexible change of some of the modules. Therefore, Shichang can be quickly converted into a hospital ship, helicopter mother ship, transport ship, and weapon platform by adding various container modules, and is equipped with various functions such as helicopter training, sailing training, medical rescue training, national defense mobilization exercises, and transportation.
First, ocean-going navigation training. Shichang ship is equipped with teaching and training command room, chart operation classroom, communication practice newspaper room, host control laboratory and more than ten practice training room. The new closed-circuit television system for teaching is able to teach the course to the students in the two sailing classrooms at the same time, and transmit the satellite system information, radar fluorescent screen image, training, standard chart operation and plan of the command room, which is able to guarantee the one-time training of more than 200 trainees and more than 40 instructors for medium and long-distance voyage training.
Second, medical rescue training. As long as the installation of container modified container medical module and ward module, Shichang number can be a veritable sea mobile hospital, can carry out medical ambulance training. It is reported that when the medical container module is loaded, it has hundreds of advanced equipments and including operation room, X-ray room, dark room, diagnosis and treatment room, laboratory, disinfection room, control room, dressing room and ward with bathroom, it can carry out all kinds of complicated surgeries, and it can be used by 100 medical and nursing personnel to carry out the sea medical ambulance training, and its treatment capacity is equivalent to a land center hospital. The helicopter shipboard system module can be installed to carry helicopters for sea flight training as well as sea vertical replenishment training.
Third, helicopter training. Shichang is equipped with two levels of longitudinal decks, the ship's surface has a 87-meter long flight deck, which can be used for two shipboard helicopters to take off and land at the same time, and the ship's stern is equipped with a helicopter landing positioning grill, which can meet the helicopters to take off and land freely in the high sea conditions and conduct helicopter training. There is also a modular helicopter hangar, which can be used as a wartime helicopter staging area.
Fourth, national defense mobilization exercises. Sechang also has the important function of carrying out mobilization drills for reservists, which can be carried out, including the transportation of war preparation materials and vehicles, personnel, navigation practice and training, and so on.
Fifth, comprehensive training. If the above several basic functions are combined, the Shichang becomes a multi-functional integrated military auxiliary ship. For example: part of the helicopter formation and part of the medical ambulance personnel on board to form the helicopter medical ambulance training; war reserve material transportation as well as part of the helicopter formation to form the sea cargo replenishment training and other items of the exercise. In addition, the ship also has a container transportation function, can once load more than 300 standard containers.
Conclusion
The birth of Shichang national defense mobilization ship is a useful attempt to carry forward the glorious tradition of the Chinese people in the revolutionary war era, and to explore the ability to protect the army's rapid action in the new period; it is also a new exploration of the peacetime national defense construction of the combination of peace and war, and the integration of the military into the people. It is not only conducive to improve the level of heavy military defense training, control of military expenditure, but also for the wartime national defense mobilization state, the rapid realization of the commercial ship into the military to provide an effective model and mature experience. Since the ship has been in service, it has carried out a large number of various kinds of tasks, including sea practice training, medical rescue training, national defense mobilization training, war reserve material transportation, scientific experiments, overseas visits, disaster relief, etc., with a cumulative range of hundreds of thousands of nautical miles and tens of thousands of times of guaranteeing sea practice for military academy trainees, medical rescue drills in war zones, and militia sea-drawing training, and it is the ship with the highest rate of being on the water among the large warships in the Chinese Navy at present. The ship has the highest rate of availability among large warships of the Chinese Navy.