I. Unchanged Accounts
These accounts are as follows: ①Assets: "Bank Deposits", "Other Monetary Funds", "Accounts Receivable ", "interest receivable", "dividends receivable", "raw materials", "material cost differences ", "inventory commodities", "commodity price difference", "commissioned materials" and other subjects. ② Liabilities: "Notes payable", "Accounts payable", "Advance receipts", "Interest payable", "Dividends payable", "Other payables", "Unrecognized financing costs" and other accounts. (iii) Owners' equity: "Profit for the year" and "Profit distribution". (iv) Costs: "Production costs" and other accounts. (5) Profit and loss: "Interest income", "Other operating income", "Investment income", "Cost of doing business", "Operating costs", "Operating expenses", "Operating expenses", "Operating expenses", and so on. ", "Non-operating Expenses", "Adjustment of Prior Years' Gains and Losses" and other subjects.
Second, the name of the subject changes but the substance has not changed
The main subjects of this type are "cash on hand" and "income tax expense" two subjects. Cash in the system refers to cash on hand, but the cash in the cash flow statement includes cash on hand and bank deposits that can be used at any time, from this point of view of the content covered by the subject is inconsistent, so the "cash" subject to "cash on hand" subject is Therefore, it is reasonable to change "Cash" to "Cash on hand". After the change of the "income tax expense" account and the system of "income tax" account for the same content, are recognized by the enterprise should be deducted from the total profit of the current period of income tax expense, only the name change.
Three, the name of the subject changed and the substance of the change
1. "Material Purchase" account, the system of "material procurement" account used to account for the purchase of materials purchased by the enterprise, such as the purchase cost of goods, commodity distribution enterprises purchased goods are also accounted for through this account. The "material procurement" account is only used to account for industrial enterprises purchased materials, commodity distribution enterprises purchased goods are accounted for through the "goods in transit" account, not through this account.
2. Profit and loss. Other business costs, this account is used to account for other business costs, not accounting for other business and taxes and selling expenses, and "other business expenses" account has some difference.
Business taxes and surcharges, this account not only accounting for taxes and surcharges arising from the main business, but also accounting for taxes and surcharges arising from other businesses. This reflects our dilution of the distinction between the main business and other businesses, because both the main business and other businesses are part of the day-to-day operations, and the outflow of economic benefits incurred as expenses is no longer distinguished.
Selling expenses, this account is used to account for the sale of goods and materials, the provision of labor services in the process of all kinds of costs, and "operating expenses" account compared to the reduction of accounting content.
Four, the name of the subject has not changed, but the substance of the change
1. Notes receivable: the system specifies that no provision for bad debts if there is conclusive evidence that the enterprise holds the outstanding notes receivable can not be recovered or the possibility of recovery is unlikely, the balance should be transferred to accounts receivable and provision for bad debts. The new accounting standard eliminates this element and clarifies that bad debt provision should also be made for notes receivable in the "Bad Debt Provision" account.
Accounts payable: The accounting content of this account has the following changes: First, the prepaid project is also accounted for through this account, and is no longer directly recorded in the "construction in progress" account. Secondly, the system stipulates that prepayments cannot be provided for bad debts, and if there is conclusive evidence that they do not meet the nature of prepayments, they should be transferred to other receivables and provided for bad debts. The new accounting standard stipulates that bad debt provision can be made as long as it is a prepayment. Third, the location of the subject from the original placed after the bad debt provision adjusted to the bad debt provision before this.
Allowance for bad debts: The accounting content of this item has the following changes: First, the basis of accrual from the system of "accounts receivable" and "other receivables" bad debt provision expanded to all accounts receivable and prepayments. Secondly, if the receivables which have been recognized as bad debts are recovered, they can be directly debited to the "bank deposits" account and credited to the "bad debt provision" account. Secondly, the bad debt provisioning method is no longer the balance percentage method, the credit sales percentage method and the aging percentage method, but for receivables with significant individual amounts, they should be individually provisioned for impairment. It can also be with the receivables that are not impaired after separate testing are divided into a number of portfolios based on similar credit risk characteristics, and then calculated by a certain percentage of the balance of the portfolio of these amounts at the balance sheet date to determine the impairment loss, provision for bad debts.
Long-term equity investments: the accounting content of this item has the following changes: the first eliminated the "difference in equity investment" sub-account. Second, the line item "Provision for equity investment" is changed to the line item "Other changes in equity". Thirdly, the phrase "the increase in the ownership interest of the investee unit due to the capital increase of the investee unit, and the increase in the long-term equity investment according to the proportion of shareholding" in the system is changed to "if the proportion of shareholding remains unchanged, other changes in the ownership interest of the investee unit other than the net profit or loss, the enterprise shall calculate the share to be enjoyed by the investee unit according to the proportion of shareholding, and debit or credit the difference to non-operating income (the equity method)". The enterprise shall calculate the share of the investee according to the proportion of shareholding, debit or credit this account (other changes in equity), and credit or debit the account of 'capital surplus--other capital surplus'". Fourth, there is no provision for accounting for reclassification due to a change in the purpose of holding.
Fixed Assets: two accounting elements have been added to this account: first, temporary facilities for construction contractors and software attached to computer hardware purchased by enterprises and not separately valued are also accounted for in this account. Second, the original price of fixed assets to be considered in the abandonment of the cost of content.
Provision for impairment of fixed assets: the provision for impairment of fixed assets cannot be reversed.
Construction in progress: the accounting content of this item has the following changes: First, the enterprise prepaid the project first recorded in the "prepayment" account, the end of the period according to a reasonable estimate of the progress of the contracted works and the contract settlement of the progress of the payment of the debit "construction in progress At the end of the period, according to the reasonable estimation of the progress of the contracted works and the progress payment settled according to the contract, debit the "construction in progress" account and credit the "bank deposits" and "prepayment" accounts. Secondly, the expenses incurred for the load joint car of the project under construction, debit this account (to be amortized expenses), credit "bank deposits", "raw materials" and other accounts; car formed by the products or by-products of external sales or converted to inventory goods, debit If the products or by-products are sold to the public or transferred to inventory commodities, debit "Bank Deposit", "Inventory Commodities", etc. and credit "Amortized Expenditures"; to carry forward the cost of construction in progress, debit "Fixed Assets", etc. and credit "XX Engineering". (XX Project). Fourthly, "Construction", "Installation", "Equipment under Installation", "Amortized Expenditures", and "Individual Projects" are set up. and "individual projects", and canceled the three subheadings of "technical renovation projects", "major repair projects" and "other expenditures". The three sub-headings of "technical renovation works", "major repair works" and "other expenditures" have been abolished.
Engineering materials: the line item "prepayment for large equipment" has been canceled, and it is not specified how to deal with its prepayment.
Intangible assets: the accounting content of this item has been changed as follows: First, goodwill is separated from intangible assets and accounted for separately. Second, self-developed intangible assets, the development costs are first attributed to the "development expenditure" account, the amount to be capitalized is transferred to the "intangible assets" account. Third, the amortization of intangible assets can be divided into a reasonable determination of the life of the amortization in the beneficial life, can not reasonably determine the life of the use of impaired intangible assets, so that more able to reflect the size of the intangible assets and amortization of the situation.
Provision for impairment of intangible assets: the provision for impairment of intangible assets can not be reversed. Long-term amortized expenses: this account eliminates the following items: first, start-up costs, start-up costs incurred by the enterprise in the period in which they occur directly into the "administrative expenses" account second. Fixed asset overhaul expenditure, meet the conditions for the recognition of fixed assets should be included in the cost of fixed assets, do not meet the conditions for the recognition of fixed assets will be directly into the current profit and loss when it occurs.
2. Liabilities. Long-term loans: the main changes in the accounting content of this account is: First, when borrowing should be based on the actual amount received, debit "bank deposits" account, credit account (principal). The difference, if any, should also be debited to this account (interest adjustment). Second, at the balance sheet date, the enterprise should be based on the amortized cost of long-term loans and the effective interest rate to determine the interest expense, rather than the principal amount of the loan and the effective interest rate.
Bonds payable: the main changes in the accounting content of this account are: first, the "premium (discount)" line item to "interest adjustment" line item. Second, the calculation of interest expense for each period by the amortized cost and the effective interest rate, the effective interest rate and coupon rate difference is small can also be used coupon rate. The third system stipulates that the issuance of convertible bonds should be accounted for under a separate line item "Convertible bonds", and that convertible bonds should be accounted for as general bonds before they are issued and converted into stocks. The new accounting standard stipulates that the actual amount received should be debited to "bank deposits", etc., and the face value of the liability component of the convertible bonds should be credited to "convertible bonds - face value", and the fair value of the equity component should be credited to "capital surplus - capital surplus - capital surplus". The fair value of the equity component is credited to the account "Capital surplus - other capital surplus", and the difference is debited or credited to this account (interest adjustment). system costs", "construction in progress" and other subjects.
Long-term accounts payable: increased the "fixed assets purchased by installment" accounting.
Special Accounts Payable: The system defines special accounts payable as appropriations for special purposes allocated by the state, which are credited to the account of "Special Accounts Payable", and after the completion of the project, the portion of the assets formed is transferred to the account of "Soy Sauce - Transfer of Appropriations". Upon completion of the project, the portion of the appropriation that forms assets will be transferred to the "Soy sauce reserve - transfer from appropriation" account. The new accounting standard stipulates that the special accounts payable is the amount of money invested by the government for special or specific purposes as the enterprise's ownership, and also clarifies that only the part of the long-term assets can be transferred to "capital surplus - capital premium".
Projected Liabilities: Accounting for asset abandonment obligations has been added. Projected liabilities arising from asset disposal obligations should be debited to "fixed assets" or "oil and gas assets" and credited to "fixed assets" or "oil and gas assets" according to the determined amount. During the useful life of the fixed assets or oil and gas assets, the interest costs to be borne in each period shall be calculated and determined by debiting the "financial expenses" account and crediting the account.
3. Owners' equity. Paid-in capital: the following items have been added to this account: First, the enterprise (Sino-foreign cooperative joint venture) in the cooperation period to return the investment of investors, should be set up in this account "returned investment" line item accounting. Secondly, the purchase of stocks is added to "treasury stock" while the paid-in capital is deducted.
Capital surplus: eliminated the "acceptance of donations of non-cash assets" and "acceptance of cash donations" sub-accounts, acceptance of donations recorded in the "non-operating income" account. The application guide of "Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 19 - Foreign Currency Translation" stipulates that the foreign currencies accepted by enterprises from investors should be translated at the exchange rate on the date of the transaction, and the contractual exchange rate or the approximate exchange rate should not be used, which will not result in the translation difference, therefore, the detailed account of "Difference in Translation of Foreign Currency Capital" has been canceled. Therefore, the line item "Foreign Currency Capital Translation Differences" is canceled. At the same time, "Provision for Equity Investments" and "Transfer of Appropriations" have also been eliminated.
Surplus reserve: the amount of investment returned to the investor during the period of cooperation according to the contract of Sino-foreign cooperative operation should be credited according to the amount of actual return of investment (profit return of investment).
4. Cost category. Manufacturing costs: the new accounting standards provide that the enterprise production plant (department) and administrative departments and other fixed asset repair costs and other subsequent expenditures incurred in the administrative expenses accounted for in the system, while the system provides for the accounting in the manufacturing costs.
5. Profit and loss category. Revenue from main business: the system provides for the determination of revenue on the basis of the actual amount, while the new accounting standards for the use of deferred installment receipts, with the nature of the financing of the sale of goods or the provision of services to meet the conditions for revenue recognition of operating income by the fair value of the price of the contract or agreement to be on the (discounted value).
Non-operating Income: The new accounting standards have increased the amount of debt restructuring, non-monetary asset exchanges, donations, and government grants that were previously recorded in the "capital surplus" account.
Administrative Expenses: The following new items have been added to this account: firstly, the accounting of follow-up expenses such as repair costs of fixed assets incurred by production workshops (departments) of an enterprise; secondly, start-up costs are directly charged to the "Administrative Expenses" account in the period in which they are incurred. Originally included in the administrative expenses of the provision for inventory and bad debt provisions, etc. unified in the "asset impairment loss" account.
V. Consolidation of the same type of accounts
Working materials: including the system of "packaging" and "low-value supplies" in the accounting of the two accounts.
Employee compensation payable: first, including the system of "wages payable", "benefits payable", "other payables" in the labor union funds, employee education funds, belonging to the "other payables". In addition, it includes housing fund, medical insurance, pension insurance, maternity insurance, unemployment insurance, work injury insurance, etc., which are accounted for as "other accounts payable" in the system. Secondly, new items that were not previously accounted for as liabilities have been added, including the issuance of non-monetary benefits, termination benefits and share-based payments.
Issue of goods: including the system of "installment receipts issued goods", "entrusted to sell goods", "issue of goods" accounting content, that is, accounting for goods have been The revenue recognition conditions have not been met.
Taxes and fees payable: including taxes and other payables in the education surcharge, mineral resources compensation fees, river maintenance fees.
VI. Canceled and New Accounting Subjects
1. Some subjects are canceled. ①Withholding costs and amortized expenses. ② short-term investments and long-term debt investments: its accounting content according to the classification of financial assets by the "trading financial assets", "held-to-maturity investments" and "available-for-sale financial assets," respectively. "(iii) Allowance for decline in value of short-term investments. (iii) Provision for decline in value of short-term investments: Provision for decline in value of short-term investments held-to-maturity is transferred to the account "Provision for impairment of held-to-maturity investments". Other short-term investments should be accounted for as financial instruments using fair value without further provision for impairment. Subsidies receivable: The accounting content is transferred to "other receivables". ⑤ Self-made semi-finished products. (vi) Consigned merchandise, sales of merchandise, entrusted loans, and value of assets to be transferred. (vii) Returned investments: The accounting content is transferred to "Paid-in Capital - Returned Investments". (8) Subsidy income, the accounting content of which is transferred to the "non-operating income" account. (9) in the construction of the provision for impairment and the provision for impairment of engineering materials: the chart of accounts did not set up these two separate accounts, but in the explanation of the "construction in progress" account mentioned that, if the construction in progress of the impairment can be set up "in the construction of the provision for impairment" and "engineering materials". "Provision for impairment of construction materials". ⑩Deferred tax: its accounting content is transferred to "deferred tax assets" and "deferred tax liabilities" two accounts.
2. Some new accounts have been added. (1) trading financial assets; (2) buyback financial assets; (3) held-to-maturity investments; (4) provision for impairment of held-to-maturity investments; (5) available-for-sale financial assets; (6) investment properties; (7) long-term receivables; (8) unrealized financing gains; (9) unguaranteed residual value; (10) cumulative amortization; (11) goodwill; (12) deferred tax assets; (13) trading financial liabilities; (14) deferred tax assets; and (15) deferred tax liabilities. 13) trading financial liabilities; (14) deferred income; (15) deferred income tax liabilities; (16) lease income; (17) treasury stock; (18) research and development expenditures; (19) construction; (20) project settlements; (21) machinery income; (22) gain or loss on changes in fair value; and (23) asset impairment losses, among other accounts. In addition, a new *** similar subjects including "derivatives", "hedging instruments", "hedged items" to be subjects.