First, the laboratory fire safety
1. Laboratory must store a certain amount of fire equipment, fire equipment must be placed in a conspicuous location easy to access, designated management, all personnel should take care of fire fighting equipment, and according to the requirements of the regular inspection and replacement.
2. All flammable and explosive substances stored in the laboratory (such as hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, etc.) must be kept at a certain distance from the fire source and power supply, and shall not be stacked at random. The use and storage of flammable and explosive substances in the laboratory, fireworks are strictly prohibited.
3. Not to connect and pull wires, not overloaded with electricity, the laboratory shall not have *** the head of the wire, is strictly prohibited to use metal wire instead of fuse; power switch box shall not be stacked items.
4. Electrical equipment and lines, plugs and sockets should be checked frequently, to maintain the state of good condition, found that may cause sparks, short-circuit, heat and insulation damage, aging and other conditions must be notified to the electrician for repair. Electric heaters, electric ovens and other equipment should be done to go off the electricity.
5. The use of soldering iron, to be placed on the non-combustible insulation bracket, should not be piled up around the combustible materials, immediately after the use of the power plug.
6. Combustible gas cylinders and combustible gas cylinders shall not be placed mixed, a variety of cylinders shall not be close to the heat
source, open flame, sun protection measures, prohibit collision and knocking, to keep the paint mark intact, the special bottle dedicated. The use of flammable gas cylinders, generally should be placed outdoors in a cool and air-conditioned place, with a pipeline into the room,
Hydrogen, oxygen and acetylene can not be mixed in one place, and the use of fire sources to maintain a distance of more than 10m. All cylinders must be fixed devices to prevent dumping
7. laboratory without approval, for the record, may not use high-power electrical equipment, so as not to exceed the electrical load.
8. Strictly prohibited in the building corridors stacked items to ensure that the fire ventilation.
Second, laboratory chemical safety
1. All levels and types of laboratory chemicals used by the school must be unified organization to purchase any laboratory and individuals may not purchase their own. Acquisition of highly toxic and easy to make drugs need to be licensed by the public security department, with a license to purchase.
2. Chemicals should be categorized and stored, the interaction of drugs can not be mixed, must be isolated storage. All drugs must have a clear label, storage room and cabinet must be kept neat and clean. There are special properties of the drugs must be stored according to its characteristics requirements. No name, deterioration and expiration of the drugs should be promptly cleaned up and destroyed. Laboratory shall not store highly toxic drugs.
3. Dangerous chemicals containers should be clearly marked or labeled. Fire, moisture easily burn, explosion or toxic gases of hazardous chemicals, shall not be stored in the open air, damp, leakage and low-lying water-prone locations; sunlight exposure is easy to burn, easy to explode or produce toxic gases of hazardous chemicals should be stored in a cool, ventilated place. Hazardous chemicals should be stored in the area set up conspicuous safety signs.
4. Poisonous substances must be stored in the school's specialized poison library, the library must meet the relevant safety requirements, must do "double double lock" for safekeeping. The use of poisonous substances must be approved by the school security office, should be based on the use of the minimum number of recipients, so that "two people" to receive, "two people" to use, at the same time to do and do a good job in the use of the registration and consumption records, must be strictly in accordance with the provisions of the management, so that the "Double double lock" for safekeeping.
5. Engaged in hazardous chemical experiments should be trained in the appropriate safety techniques, to be familiar with the nature of the drugs used, master the corresponding drug operation. In particular, the use of flammable and explosive, highly toxic, pathogenic and pressure reaction and other dangerous hazardous chemicals to do experiments, it is strictly prohibited to operate blindly, there must be relevant operating procedures, and the corresponding provisions of the state and industry as a standard, and strictly enforced.
6. The laboratory generated by the test waste liquid waste shall not be discarded, discharged at will into the ground, underground pipelines and any water source, to prevent pollution of the environment. Experimental waste liquid waste to take appropriate measures to do "harmless" treatment, really can not deal with the laboratories shall not be privately discharged, treatment, laboratories should use special containers classified, storage, to prevent leakage, loss of secondary pollution.
7. The laboratories will collect all kinds of waste liquids, waste transported to the Laboratory Equipment Management Division under the waste recycling library, by the Laboratory Equipment Management Division to contact the Environmental Protection Agency to designate the recognized with the qualification of the department of unified disposal.
Third, laboratory biosafety
1. Laboratory biosafety involves the safety of the living environment of mankind, the country attaches great importance to the management of biosafety, the laboratories concerned must also attach great importance to laboratory biosafety, laboratory biological pollution must be effectively monitored and prevented, to be regular inspections and self-checks, and found that the safety of hidden dangers should be reported in a timely manner and dealt with the solution.
2. Laboratories should be regularly on the workforce ......
What are the safety precautions to enter the new laboratory
Laboratory safety precautions after each experiment, we must analyze the experimental data in a timely manner,
so as to summarize the experience of the last experiments and experience, for the next experimental methods to provide a theoretical basis for further improvement.
Do not wait until all the experiments are done to analyze, and only then found that this or that shortcomings, resulting in a waste of manpower and financial resources, time, and blindly do the experiment is not desirable.
1
General knowledge of experimental safety
In the chemical laboratory, safety is very important, it is often lurking such as the occurrence of explosions, fires, poisoning, burns, cuts, electrocution and other accidents of the danger, how to prevent these accidents from occurring, and in the event of the occurrence of first aid and how to do.
1.1
General knowledge of safe use of electricity
Unauthorized use of electricity may cause personal injury, fire, damage to equipment and other serious accidents. Physical chemistry laboratories use a lot of electrical appliances, especially pay attention to the safe use of electricity. In order to protect personal safety, be sure to comply with laboratory safety rules.
(1)
Prevent electric shock
① Do not use wet hands to touch the appliances.
①Do not touch electrical appliances with wet hands.
②The power supply *** part should be insulated (e.g., wire joints should be wrapped with insulating tape).
③ The metal casing of all electrical appliances should be grounded.
④ During the experiment, the circuit should be connected first before turning on the power. At the end of the experiment, cut off the power supply before removing the circuit.
⑤ When repairing or installing electrical appliances, the power supply should be cut off first.
⑥ You can not use a test pen to test high voltage electricity. Use of high-voltage power supply should have special protective measures.
⑦ If someone is electrocuted, the power supply should be cut off quickly and then rescued.
(2) to prevent causing fires
① The use of fuses should be consistent with the permitted laboratory power consumption.
② The safe energization of the wire should be greater than the power consumption.
③ If there is hydrogen, gas and other flammable and explosive gases in the room, electric sparks should be avoided. Relay work and switch the electric switch, easy to produce sparks, be especially careful. Electrical contact points (such as electrical plugs) poor contact, should be repaired or replaced in a timely manner.
④ In case of wire fire, immediately cut off the power supply, use sand or carbon dioxide, carbon tetrachloride fire extinguisher, prohibit the use of water or foam fire extinguishers and other conductive liquids to extinguish the fire.
(3) to prevent short-circuit
① line contacts should be firm, circuit components at both ends of the joints do not touch each other to prevent short-circuit.
② wires, electrical appliances should not be wet with water or immersed in conductive liquids, do not immerse in water.
(4) the safe use of electrical instrumentation
① before use, first understand the electrical instrumentation required to use the power supply is AC or DC; three-phase power or single-phase power and the size of the voltage (380V, 220V, 110V or 6V). To find out whether the power of the appliance meets
requirements and DC appliances instrumentation positive and negative poles.
② Instrument range should be greater than to be measured. If the size of the measurement is unknown, the maximum range should be measured.
③ Check that the wiring is connected correctly before the experiment. Checked by the teacher agreed before turning on the power.
④ In the process of electrical instrumentation, found that there is an abnormal sound, local temperature rise or smell the burnt smell of insulating paint overheating, you should immediately cut off the power supply, and report to the teacher for inspection.
Laboratory operations, what safety matters should be noted
Laboratory safety precautions:
1. Before entering the laboratory to start work should be aware of the gas main valve, water valves and electrical switch where. When you leave the laboratory, be sure to check the room once, should be water, electricity, gas switch off, doors and windows locked.
2. When using a gas lamp, you should light the match first, hold the match close to the mouth of the lamp with one hand, and open the gas door slowly with the other. The first thing you can do is to open the gas door first, and then light the match. The size of the flame and the strength of the fire should be adjusted according to the needs of the experiment. When you use fire, you should do the fire in the people, people go out of the fire.
3. the use of electrical equipment (such as ovens, thermostatic baths, centrifuges, electric furnaces, etc.), to prevent electric shock; never use wet hands or in the eyes of the eye when switching on and off the electric switch. Should use a test pen to check whether the electrical equipment leakage, where the leakage of the instrument, can not be used.
4. The use of concentrated acids and bases must be handled with extreme care to prevent spills. When measuring these reagents with a pipette, you must use a rubber bulb, never sucked by mouth. If accidentally spilled on the lab bench or floor, it must be promptly scrubbed clean with a damp rag. If it touches the skin, it should be treated immediately.
5. Special care should be taken when using combustible materials, especially flammable materials (e.g. ether, acetone, ethanol, benzene, sodium metal, etc.). Do not leave them in large quantities on the table, let alone in close proximity to a flame. Pour flammable liquids in large quantities only when away from the flame, or after the flame has been extinguished. Low-boiling point organic solvents are not allowed to be heated directly on the fire, only on the water bath using reflux condenser tube heating or distillation.
6. When operating with an oil bath, the heating should be done carefully, constantly measured with a thermometer, so that the temperature does not exceed the combustion temperature of the oil.
7. Residues of flammable and explosive substances (e.g., sodium metal, white phosphorus, matchheads) should not be poured into dirt buckets or sinks, but should be collected in designated containers.
8. Waste liquids, especially strong acids and bases, should not be poured directly into the sink, but should be diluted first and then poured into the sink, and then the sink and drain should be flushed with plenty of tap water.
9. Poisons should be collected after the approval procedure according to the regulations of the laboratory, operated strictly when used, and disposed of properly after use.
What is worth noting in the chemical laboratory
1, flammable and explosive drugs away from fire, to avoid corrosive drugs on the clothes or skin
2, before entering the laboratory, should be clear about the experimental tasks, steps and precautions
3, before the experiments, to check whether the supplies are complete; the experimental process, the experimental supplies should be sequentially The first thing you should do is to check whether the supplies are complete before the experiment.
4, do not touch the drugs with your hands, do not put your nostrils to the mouth of the container to smell the drug odor. It is strictly prohibited to taste the drugs.
5, as far as possible to wear goggles when doing experiments; heating operation, do not come close to the heated instrument for observation, do not test tube mouth toward others or their
6, experiments with the remaining drugs are neither put back to the original bottle, nor discarded, and can not be taken out of the laboratory, to be placed into the designated container
7, after the experiment is completed, the timely washing of the utensils used; instruments, Drugs categorized and organized, placed in the designated location
8, pay attention to the safety of electricity and water conservation, before leaving the laboratory, be sure to turn off the power and water
Hope to adopt
Into the chemical laboratory, need to pay attention to those matters of note?
In chemical experiments, often use a variety of chemicals and equipment, as well as water, electricity, gas, but also often encounter high temperature, low temperature, high pressure, vacuum, high voltage, high-frequency and with a radiation source of the experimental conditions and instruments, if the lack of necessary safety protection knowledge, will cause great loss of life and property. Therefore, the laboratory must be in accordance with the "four defense" (fire, theft, vandalism, prevention and control of security disasters) requirements, the establishment of a sound security responsibility system and various security systems at all levels of the main person in charge of the room, to strengthen security management.
I. Student requirements:
1, before the experimental class, you should study the experiment, understand the purpose of the experiment, the principle, the steps and the required instruments, equipment, chemicals.
2, into the laboratory, we must obey the arrangements, discipline, prohibition. Not allowed to clamor, changing seats, moving or switching other people's instruments and equipment; not allowed to litter, waste, do not do things unrelated to the experiment.
3, before the experiment, listen carefully to the lecture, carefully observe the teacher's demonstration, to further clarify the purpose of the experiment, the main points of operation and precautions. Further understanding of the structure of the instrument and device, the principle, the performance of chemicals. Do not fiddle with the instrument or experiment in advance.
4, the experiment, must be in accordance with the correct method and the correct operation steps for the experiment, carefully observe, analyze, make a record. Complete the experiment on time.
5, the experiment is completed, to do a good job cleaning, recognized by the teacher before leaving the laboratory.
6, care for public **** property, saving water and electricity, equipment and drugs, such as undisciplined, illegal operation, damage to equipment, waste of equipment or drugs, to pay the price.
7, pay attention to safety, to prevent electric shock, poisoning, fire, burns, cuts, bruises and other accidents. Once an accident occurs, should immediately report to the teacher to deal with timely.
8, independently complete the laboratory report.
Second, the experimenter's duties
1, with the teacher **** with the development of experimental teaching plan, and to assist teachers in organizing and guiding students to conduct experiments.
2, before the experiment, according to the experimental requirements in advance to prepare the instruments, medicines, preparatory experiments, if necessary, in order to cooperate with the teacher to succeed in a good experimental class.
3, the experiment, the experimenter should be with the teacher together with the tour guide students experiments.
4, after the end of the experiment, timely inventory, check the equipment, organize the laboratory.
5, to build a good instrumentation account and categorized ledger, stored neatly. Chemicals should be labeled, coated with wax, categorized and put away.
6, often check and repair laboratory equipment, instruments, according to teaching requirements, timely register to the school to purchase new equipment and consumables.
7, the laboratory site inside and outside the cleanliness.
Third, instrument management system
1, laboratory instruments, drugs distributed to the group, individual, and the implementation of the system of receipt, custody, return.
2, experimental equipment, meter Subjects such as loss, damage, should find out the reason, registration, and timely and appropriate treatment.
3, laboratory instruments, equipment and appliances shall not be borrowed without authorization.
4, instrument storage room, chemical room to strictly implement the provisions of the "no man enter.
Fourth, chemical hazardous materials management system
1, chemicals in the flammable, explosive, toxic and other drugs are dangerous drugs.
2, dangerous drugs must be stored in the hazardous materials library, by a person responsible for the management, the management staff should have a certain knowledge of chemical prevention.
3, chemical dangerous drugs must be separated from other chemicals stored separately in the dangerous goods warehouse.
4, the receipt of chemical hazardous drugs should be strictly registered, the residue, waste, expired drugs by the administrator strictly in accordance with the relevant provisions of the treatment, is strictly prohibited to throw, dump or take the drugs out of the laboratory.
What to pay attention to the management of chemical reagents in the laboratory
Chemical reagents are the most varied, the most frequent consumption in the laboratory, the most dangerous substances. Such as flammable and explosive chemical reagents, highly toxic chemical reagents, strong corrosive, strong oxidizing and other chemical reagents should be collected and stored in a special hazardous reagent cabinet; the use of special attention to target some of the safety precautions to avoid the use of improper experimental personnel and experimental equipment causing harm. The following aspects of the laboratory chemical reagents acquisition, custody, storage and safe use of notes to talk about the management of chemical reagents.
1, laboratory chemical reagents to get
(1) chemical reagents to get according to the experimental notification form, the laboratory administrator to prepare the required chemical reagents. General chemical reagents, by the subject teacher for registration procedures, before receiving. Dangerous drugs, precious metal chemical reagents, to meet the principle of experimental teaching, by the application of the subject teacher, by the approval of the supervisor, before receiving.
(2) each time the number of chemical reagents received, the laboratory administrator to weigh, and promptly recorded in the container on the gross weight label, for the purpose of accounting vouchers.
(3) When receiving chemical reagents or drugs, you should confirm that the name labeled on the container is the required experimental drugs. Pay attention to the drug hazard labeling and drawings for hazards. For your safety and the smooth running of the experiment, look at the drug report form (if present) and the MSDS of the reagent or drug.
(4) the use of flammable and explosive, toxic, corrosive, oxidizing and other hazardous reagents must be applied in advance to report to the number of how much to use, and a preparation into the use of reagents. Toxins issued in accordance with the principle of first-in-first-out, issued with accurate registration (reagent measurement, issuance time and the person in charge). All poisonous substances must be two people to receive, two people to return, otherwise the custodian of the poison warehouse has the right not to issue.
2 laboratory chemical reagents custody
2.1 Chemical reagents should be stored depending on their nature
General reagents can be stored in glass bottles; glass has a strong corrosive effect of reagents, such as hydrofluoric acid, sodium hydroxide should be stored in polyethylene plastic bottles; easily oxidized by the air, differentiation, deliquescence of reagents should be sealed and preserved; easy to decompose the reagent should be colored Glass bottle storage and hidden in the dark; susceptible to thermal decomposition and low boiling point solvents, should be stored in a cold place; highly toxic reagents should be stored in the safe; radioactive reagents should be stored in lead canisters.
2.2 Do a good job of regular maintenance of chemical reagents
If the chemical reagents are not properly stored, they will fail and deteriorate, affecting the effect of the experiment, and cause waste of materials, and sometimes even accidents. Therefore, the scientific storage of good reagents to ensure the smooth progress of the experiment, to obtain reliable experimental data has a very important significance. The deterioration of chemical reagents, most of the cases are due to the influence of external conditions, such as oxygen in the air, carbon dioxide, water vapor, acidic and alkaline substances in the air, as well as the ambient temperature, light, etc., can make the chemical reagents oxidation, reduction, deliquescence, weathering, precipitation of crystals, dilution, corrosion, decomposition, volatilization, sublimation, polymerization, mildew, discoloration, and ignition of the explosion and other changes. Often check the storage of chemical reagents in storage conditions found that the actual storage period or deterioration should be reported in a timely manner, and in accordance with the provisions of the proper handling (degradation of use or scrap) and write-off. Under normal storage conditions, general chemical reagents should not be stored for more than 2 years, the benchmark reagent not more than 1 year.
In order to avoid interference from the environment and other factors, all chemical reagents once taken out shall not be put back into the storage container: belonging to the reagents must be recycled or designated, the reagents returned to the warehouse, must be set up in a separate special container for recycling or storage, with a moisture-absorbent or oxidizable, perishable chemical reagents must be sealed and stored, to avoid absorption of moisture, oxidation or deterioration. Regular inventory, check the error should be checked in a timely manner, and reported to the competent leadership or departmental processing.
3 laboratory chemical reagent storage
Chemical reagents should be stored in reagent bottles, tightly plugged caps, placed firmly on the cabinet shelves to ensure safety. And placement should be arranged in a neat and orderly, and easy to access. All chemical reagents should be labeled with the name of the reagent solution, concentration and preparation time. The size of the label should be appropriate to the size of the reagent bottle, the handwriting should be clear, the font should be correctly written, and it should be stuck in the middle of the bottle slightly above the center of the bottle to make it neat and beautiful, and the label can be coated with molten paraffin to protect it. Special attention should be paid to the safety of chemical reagents. The place where the reagents are kept should be cool, dry and well ventilated. Since there are various kinds of reagents, general reagents are classified and stored according to two categories: inorganic and organic, and special reagents and dangerous reagents are stored separately .......