China's blockchain industry has been developing for ten years. Basically, a more mature industrial chain has been formed. Under the conditions of national policy promotion and increasing demand from downstream application areas, the market scale of China's blockchain industry is constantly developing, with a high degree of geographical concentration and obvious industrial cluster effects. With the increasing maturity of blockchain technology, the blockchain industry is stepping into the 3.0 stage as a whole, with good performance in the fields of finance, logistics, copyright protection, etc., which contributes a great power to promote the digitalization construction of China and accelerate the process of digital China.
Blockchain industry panorama: many application fields, good development prospects
From the industrial chain point of view, China's blockchain industry includes the upstream hardware, technology and infrastructure; midstream blockchain application and technical services; and the downstream blockchain application fields and other links. Upstream hardware, technology and infrastructure mainly provide the necessary hardware, technology and infrastructure support for blockchain applications, among which, the hardware equipment includes mining machines, mining pools, chip makers, etc.; the general technology includes distributed storage, decentralized transactions, data services, distributed computing and other related technologies. Midstream blockchain applications and services include the construction of infrastructure platforms and the provision of technical service support, of which the infrastructure platform construction is divided into general infrastructure chain and vertical domain infrastructure chain; technical service support includes technical support and service support, technical support is similar to the upstream related technology, responsible for providing a series of technical support based on the blockchain products such as the blockchain security protection for the purchasers; service support includes the digital asset trading venues, digital asset storage, media communities, etc. , digital asset storage, media community and a series of other services. The downstream application fields include the combination of the application of blockchain technology with the existing industries, mainly including the financial industry, logistics industry, copyright protection, medical health, industrial energy and many other fields. Blockchain, as an emerging technology, has many downstream application fields, and the development potential is very huge.
From the perspective of enterprises in each link, the competition pattern of mining machine production, mining pool production and chip manufacturers in the upstream link is basically formed. Due to the existence of certain technical barriers in the industry, the market demand will continue to concentrate on enterprises that can provide high-quality products, and the head effect will be more and more prominent, and the design and architecture of the mining machine manufacturers, such as Bitmain and Canaan City, and the production of the foundry enterprises will exert a certain pressure on the small-scale mining machine manufacturers that have a low bargaining power. Mining machine manufacturers are under certain pressure, and the phenomenon of the best being better has emerged in the whole industry. The competition in the midstream blockchain underlying platform is relatively fierce, and there are at least dozens of underlying chain platform projects, and the field is already extremely crowded. The head effect in the field has already begun to appear, and the competition is expected to intensify in the short term, and the veteran enterprises such as ethereum, EOS, and Caldano are in the front of the market share. As the initial stage of blockchain 3.0 technology application, the vertical application link of blockchain has just begun, and the leading enterprises in each field combine their own advantages, combine the traditional model with blockchain technology, and create a new model applicable to this industry, such as the logistics blockchain of Jingdong, and the assetization of securities of Overstock blockchain platform in the United States.
The excellent characteristics of blockchain come from its unique technical foundation. A basic blockchain should at least consist of three parts consisting of a data layer, a network layer and a *** knowledge layer. The data layer provides a unique data structure to ensure security, using asymmetric encryption, hash functions, Merkel trees and other technologies to encrypt data, ensure data security, and provide the basis for blockchain applications; the network layer realizes the core idea of decentralization through the P2P network, and in the BitTorrent network, each node is both a recipient and a sender of data. In blockchain technology, the public key is similar to the seed, with the public key there is an identity in the network that can speak. Currently *** knowledge mechanism mainly has PoW, PoS and DPoS *** knowledge mechanism, if you want to attack the blockchain, you have to provide more than the Zhu chain of arithmetic power, the gain is far less than the cost of the attack, PoW *** knowledge mechanism through the arithmetic competition to ensure the security of the system and decentralization.
To date, based on the participation of various applications, blockchain is mainly divided into public chain, alliance chain, private chain. Public chain is the earliest blockchain, and also the most widely *** knowledge of the blockchain at present, refers to the blockchain that is completely decentralized and not controlled by any institution like the Bitcoin blockchain, the blockchain enters into the 2.0 era, the public chain, private chain, and the alliance chain all begin to enter the scope of application of the blockchain, and the 3.0 era is more about the application of the technology of cross-chain communication, multi-chain fusion, and so on.
The above data and analysis are from Foresight Industry Research Institute In-depth Analysis Report on Business Model Innovation and Investment Opportunities in China Blockchain Industry.