Development of geological disaster emergency plan. Under the framework of the overall plan of the State and the Ministry of Land and Resources, and in conjunction with the actual situation of each area, the preparation of provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and city (prefecture and state), county (city and district) level to deal with emergency plans for sudden geologic disasters.
The main contents of the emergency plan include: emergency response agencies and relevant departments of the division of responsibilities; emergency rescue personnel organization and emergency, rescue equipment, funds, materials, preparation; preparation of the level of geological hazards and the impact of the analysis; geological hazards investigation, reporting and handling procedures; occurrence of geological hazards in the early warning signals, emergency communications security; personnel and property evacuation, transfer routes, medical treatment, disease control and other emergency action plan. Control and other emergency action programs.
Two, disaster disaster report system
Establishment of disaster disaster report system. In accordance with the "National Regulations for the Prevention and Control of Geological Disasters" and the relevant plan to report disasters, confirm the direction and location of the disaster. Units and individuals who have discovered the danger of geological disasters or disasters should immediately report to the local people's government or the competent department of land and resources. Other departments or grass-roots mass self-governance organizations receive the report, should be immediately forwarded to the local people's government.
The local people's government or the competent department of land and resources of the people's government at the county level shall, upon receipt of the report, immediately send a person to the scene, carry out on-site investigations, take effective measures to prevent the disaster from occurring or expanding the disaster, and, in accordance with the State Council, the competent department of land and resources on the hierarchical reporting of geologic hazards, to the higher level of people's government and the competent department of land and resources to report.
The competent department of land and resources of the people's government at the county level shall report to the people's government at the county level and the competent department of land and resources of the people's government at the municipal level within four hours after receiving the report of a very large, large-scale geologic disaster in the local area, and at the same time may directly report to the competent department of land and resources of the people's government at the provincial level and the competent department of land and resources of the State Council. The Ministry of Land and Resources receives the report of mega and large-scale geologic disaster and disaster report, shall immediately report to the State Council.
County-level people's government departments of land and resources received local reports of medium and small-scale geological disasters, should be reported to the county people's government and municipal people's government departments of land and resources within 12 hours, and at the same time can be directly reported to the provincial people's government departments of land and resources.
The content of the disaster report mainly includes: the location and time of the geologic hazard or disaster, the type of geologic disaster, the size of the disaster body, the possible triggering factors and development trends and so on. For geological disasters that have occurred, the content of the rapid report should also include the number of casualties and missing, as well as the direct economic losses caused.
According to the relevant provisions of the State Council, the main sources of public information on geologic disasters are the State Council leaders' instructions, the local people's government at the provincial level, other departments of the State Council, the local quick-report information, the media and other information.
Three, disaster classification system
In order to better cope with geological disasters and organize rescue work in an orderly manner, China's "Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Geological Disasters" will be divided into four levels of geological disasters according to the degree of hazard and scale: extra-large, large-scale, medium-sized, and small-scale geologic disaster risks and geologic disasters, as a basis for the development of emergency rescue response plan. In addition, the grading standards for different types of geological disasters are also detailed in the Implementing Rules for Geological Survey of Geological Hazards in Counties and Municipalities. Hu Guangtao (1988) summarized the stage differences in landslide dynamics.
(I) Extremely Large Geological Hazards and Disasters (Class I)
Geological hazards that are threatened by disasters and require the relocation of more than 1,000 people or potentially cause economic losses of more than 100 million yuan are considered to be extremely large geological hazards. The geologic disaster with more than 30 deaths or more than 10 million yuan of direct economic losses caused by the disaster is a very large geologic disaster.
(B) large-scale geological hazards and disasters (Class II)
Threatened by the disaster, the number of people need to be relocated more than 500 people, less than 1,000 people, or the potential economic loss of more than 50 million yuan, less than 100 million yuan of geological hazards for large-scale geological hazards. The geologic disaster that causes more than 10 deaths and less than 30 deaths, or causes direct economic loss of more than 5 million yuan and less than 10 million yuan is a large-scale geologic disaster.
(C) medium-sized geological hazards and disasters (Class III)
Threatened by the disaster, the number of people who need to be relocated more than 100 people, less than 500 people, or the potential economic loss of more than 5 million yuan, less than 50 million yuan of geologic hazards for medium-sized geological hazards. Geological disasters with more than 3 deaths and less than 10 deaths, or with direct economic losses of more than 1 million yuan and less than 5 million yuan are regarded as medium-sized geological disasters.
(D) small-scale geologic hazards and disasters (Ⅳ)
Threatened by the disaster, the number of people need to be relocated less than 100 people, or the potential economic loss of less than 5 million yuan of geologic hazards for small-scale geologic hazards. Deaths due to disasters of less than three people, or disasters caused by direct economic losses of less than 1 million yuan of geological disasters for small geological disasters.
Four, disaster emergency response plan
Disaster emergency response plan is an important guide to the implementation of disaster rescue operations. Emergency response to geological disasters follows a hierarchical response procedure, according to the level of geological disasters to determine the appropriate level of emergency response agencies. 2006 January, the State Council issued the National Emergency Response Plan for Emergency Geological Disasters, and on May 11, 2009, the State Council Information Office issued a white paper on "China's Construction of Disaster Emergency Response Mechanisms and Disaster Information Dissemination Mechanisms". The white paper pointed out that, in the long-term practice of disaster reduction and relief, China has established a working mechanism for disaster reduction and relief in line with national conditions and with Chinese characteristics.
(A) very large geologic disaster risk and disaster emergency response (level Ⅰ)
The emergence of very large geologic disaster risk and very large geologic disaster in the county (city, district), city (prefecture, state), the people's government of the province (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government) immediately start the relevant emergency prevention and control plan and emergency command system, deployment of geologic disaster prevention and control and disaster relief work in the administrative area. The people's government at the county level where the geologic disaster occurs shall immediately activate the relevant emergency prevention and control plan and emergency command system, and deploy the emergency prevention and control of geologic disasters and disaster relief work in the administrative area. The people's government at the county level where the geologic disaster occurs shall, in accordance with the provisions of the responsibility system of group monitoring and prevention, immediately notify the relevant information to the person responsible for preventing and monitoring the geologic disaster hazardous spots and the people in the area, and make a decision on whether to transfer the people and the emergency measures to be taken. Timely delimitation of the geological disaster hazardous area, the establishment of obvious warning signs of the hazardous area, the determination of warning signals and evacuation routes, the organization of the masses to move to avoid or take measures to prevent and control the risk, according to the specific situation of the risk and the disaster to put forward the emergency countermeasures, the emergency situation should be mandatory to organize the evacuation of the people threatened to avoid the disaster. The emergency prevention and control work of the danger and disaster of very large geological disasters, under the leadership of the people's government of the province (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), the emergency prevention and control headquarters of the province (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) shall specifically command, coordinate, and organize the experts and personnel of the relevant departments of finance, construction, transportation, water conservancy, civil affairs, meteorology and other relevant departments to go to the scene in time to strengthen the monitoring, take emergency measures and prevent the disaster from further expanding and avoid the emergency rescue and relief work from happening. To prevent further expansion of the disaster and avoid secondary casualties that may be caused by rescue and relief work. The Ministry of Land and Resources organizes and coordinates relevant departments to go to the site of the disaster area to guide the emergency prevention and control work, and sends expert groups to investigate the causes of geological disasters, analyze their development trends and guide the local authorities to formulate emergency prevention and control measures.
(2) large-scale geological disaster risk and disaster emergency response (level II)
The emergence of large-scale geological disaster risk and large-scale geological disaster in the county (city, district), city (prefecture, state), provincial (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government) People's Government to immediately start the relevant emergency response plan and emergency command system. The people's government at the county level of the place where the geological disaster occurs shall, in accordance with the provisions of the responsibility system for group monitoring and prevention, immediately notify the relevant information to the person responsible for preventing and monitoring the geological disaster hazardous point and the people in the area, and make a decision on whether to transfer the people and the emergency measures to be taken. Timely delimitation of the geological disaster hazardous area, the establishment of obvious warning signs of the hazardous area, the determination of warning signals and evacuation routes, the organization of the masses to move to avoid or take measures to prevent and control the risk, according to the specific situation of the risk and the disaster to put forward the emergency countermeasures, the emergency situation should be mandatory to organize the evacuation of the people threatened to avoid the disaster. Large-scale geological disasters and large-scale geological disaster emergency response, under the leadership of the people's government of the province (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), by the province (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) geological disaster emergency prevention and control headquarters specific command, coordination, organization, finance, construction, transportation, water conservancy, civil affairs, meteorology and other relevant departments of the experts and personnel, in a timely manner to the scene, to strengthen the monitoring, to take emergency response, to prevent disasters from Further expansion, to avoid rescue and relief may cause secondary casualties. If necessary, the Ministry of Land and Resources sent a working group to assist the local government to do a good job in the emergency prevention and control of geological disasters.
(C) medium-sized geologic disaster risk and disaster emergency response (level Ⅲ)
Medium-sized geologic disaster risk and medium-sized geologic disaster of the county (city, district), city (prefecture, state) people's government immediately start the relevant emergency plan and emergency command system. The people's government at the county level where the geological disaster occurs shall, in accordance with the provisions of the responsibility system of group survey and group prevention, immediately notify the relevant information to the person responsible for preventing and monitoring the geological disaster hazardous point and the people in the area, and make a decision as to whether to transfer the people and the emergency measures to be taken; promptly delimit the geological disaster hazardous area, set up obvious warning signs of the hazardous area, determine the warning signals and evacuation routes, and organize the transfer of people to avoid the danger or take measures of risk removal and prevention, and organize the transfer of people to avoid the danger. Or to take measures to prevent and control the risk, according to the specific situation of danger and disaster emergency response, when the situation is critical, should be mandatory to organize the threatened people to avoid the evacuation of the disaster. Medium-sized geological disaster and medium-sized geological disaster emergency response, under the leadership of the people's government of the city (prefecture, state), by the city (prefecture, state) geological disaster emergency prevention and control headquarters specific command, coordination, organization, construction, transportation, water conservancy, civil affairs, meteorology and other relevant departments of the experts and personnel rushed to the scene in a timely manner to strengthen the monitoring, to take emergency response, to prevent the disaster from expanding further to avoid disaster relief To prevent further expansion of the disaster and avoid secondary casualties that may be caused by the rescue and relief work. If necessary, the people's government of the province (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) where the disaster occurs sends a working group to the scene of the disaster to assist the people's government of the city (prefecture) to do a good job in the emergency response to geological disasters.
(D) small-scale geological hazards and disaster emergency response (Ⅳ level)
Small-scale geological hazards and small-scale geological hazards in the county (city, district) people's government immediately start the relevant emergency plan and emergency command system, in accordance with the provisions of the responsibility system for group monitoring and prevention, and immediately notify the relevant information to the geologic hazardous point of responsibility for prevention and monitoring and the area within the The people in the area, whether to transfer the masses and take emergency measures to make decisions; timely delineation of the geological disaster hazardous area, set up obvious warning signs of the hazardous area, determine the warning signals and evacuation routes, organize the masses to transfer to avoid or take measures to prevent and control the risk, according to the specific situation of the risk and the disaster to put forward the emergency countermeasures, and in case of emergency, it should be mandatory to organize the evacuation of the people who are threatened to avoid the disaster. Small-scale geological disasters and small-scale geological disaster emergency response, under the leadership of the people's government of the county (city, district), by the county (city, district) geological disaster emergency response headquarters specific command, coordination, organization, construction, transportation, water conservancy, civil affairs, meteorology and other relevant departments of the experts and personnel, in a timely manner to the scene, to strengthen the monitoring, to take emergency response to prevent further expansion of the disaster to avoid the rescue and relief may be To prevent further expansion of the disaster and avoid secondary casualties that may be caused by rescue and relief work. If necessary, the disaster appeared in the city (prefecture) people's government sent a working group to the disaster site to assist the county (city, district) people's government to do a good job of geological disaster emergency work.
(E) the end of the emergency response
After the expert group to identify geological hazards or disaster has been eliminated, or effectively controlled, the local people's government at the county level to withdraw the delineation of the geologic hazardous area, the end of the emergency response.
V. Disaster rescue operations
After the disaster, the disaster area automatically emergency rescue plan; higher authorities in accordance with the disaster and the plan response program, start different levels of emergency response plan for sudden geological disasters, the implementation of disaster rescue operations.
The Ministry of Land and Resources, based on the risk of geologic hazards, disaster and other information, set up A (level Ⅰ), B (Ⅱ), C (Ⅲ), D (Ⅳ) and E (regular program) five levels of emergency response program, respectively, by the minister, vice minister, director of the Department of Geology and Environmental Protection, the deputy director of the Department of Geology and Environmental Protection, and Geology and Environmental Protection Department staff led by the working group to go to the scene to guide the local to carry out emergency prevention and control work of geologic hazards. The work of emergency prevention and control work.
(A) emergency response organization
1.A program
The minister led by the Ministry of Emergency Response Working Group to the scene, the members mainly include the Office of the Department of Geology and the Environment Division, the Emergency Response Center and other relevant units, such as the main person in charge. The expert group is led by academicians and consists of seven people. The Emergency Response Center is composed of an emergency investigation team, an information security team and an early warning team, equipped with equipment such as remote consultation, rapid detection and satellite communication, and went to the scene with the working group. The main person in charge of the provincial, municipal and county-level land and resource administrative departments where the incident occurred participated in the Ministry's working group to the scene.
2. Level B Program
The vice minister in charge of the prevention and control of geologic hazards led by the Ministry of the working group to the scene, the members mainly include the General Office of the Department of Geology and Environment, the Emergency Response Center and the heads of the relevant units, etc. The expert group consists of experts or experts at the senior level. The expert group is led by experts or academicians of high rank and consists of five people. The Emergency Response Center is composed of an emergency investigation team, an information security team and an early-warning team, equipped with equipment for remote consultation, rapid detection and satellite communication, etc., which will go to the scene with the working group. The incident occurred in the provincial, municipal and county-level land and resources administrative department in charge of the main people to participate in the Department of the working group to the scene.
3. Level C Program
The Director of the Department of Geology and Environment leads the Ministry's working group to the scene, and the members mainly include the Emergency Response Center, the Department of Geology and Environment and other relevant personnel. The expert group is led by deputy senior experts and consists of three people. The Emergency Response Center will form an emergency investigation team, equipped with corresponding equipment, and will go to the scene with the working group. The main person in charge of the provincial, municipal and county-level land and resource administrative departments where the incident occurred will participate in the working group of the Ministry to go to the scene.
4. Level D Program
The deputy director of the Department of Geology and Environment leads the Ministry's working group to the scene, and the members mainly include staff of the Emergency Response Center and the Department of Geology and Environment. The expert group is led by deputy senior experts and consists of three people. The Emergency Response Center will form an emergency investigation team, equipped with corresponding equipment, and will go to the scene with the working group. The relevant personnel of the administrative departments of land and resources at the provincial, municipal and county levels in the place of the incident will participate in the working group of the Ministry to go to the scene.
5.E-level program
The director of the Department of Geology and Environment led by the Department of the working group to the scene, members mainly include emergency response center personnel and so on. The relevant personnel of the administrative departments of land and resources at the provincial, municipal and county levels in the place of the incident will participate in the Ministry's working group to go to the scene.
(2) Emergency Response Actions
On-site Emergency Response Actions are divided into two kinds of situations: danger and disaster.
1. Emergency response action
Rapid understanding of the danger and rescue work progress, to carry out emergency investigations of geologic hazards, assessment of the danger. If necessary, coordinate the relevant units to provide remote sensing information or aerial photography, expert consultation to predict the trend of risk, and make a good record of expert opinion for the record, expand the scope of the investigation of geological hazards hidden, set up remote communication equipment, the implementation of remote consultation, research and put forward proposals for early warning and avoidance of risk and discharge of technical advice programs, research and decision-making to the local government to put forward the proposal of the technical guidance to sum up the emergency response work, to submit summary reports It also organizes and archives the information.
2. Emergency response action
Rapid understanding of the disaster and the progress of rescue and relief work, to carry out emergency investigations of geologic hazards, evaluation of the disaster, predicting the risk of expanding the scope of investigation of geologic hazards in the area. If necessary, contact and coordinate the relevant units to provide remote sensing information or aerial photography, study and put forward rescue and relief technical advice program, study and decide to put forward technical advice to the local government, make the responsibility of the geological disaster identified, and do a good job of expert opinion for the record, set up remote communication equipment, the implementation of remote consultation, summarize the emergency response work, to submit a summary report, organize the information, archiving.
(C) emergency response security
1. Staff deployment
General staff sub-site staff and back staff. Front (on-site) staff by the investigation and disposal, information transmission and operation of specialized equipment and other aspects of the composition of the staff, specific work with the provincial emergency response agency staff joint team. The rear staff consists of personnel in the fields of information, communication, equipment and logistics, and focuses on providing security for the front (on-site) working group. The expert group is selected by the Department of Geology and Environment from a pool of experts according to the level of emergency response and the characteristics of the disaster and danger.
2. Equipment Configuration
Emergency response center to do a good job of emergency equipment configuration and protection work, regular testing and maintenance, before the trip to do a good job of equipment safety, usability checks and precision calibration; emergency response to do a good job of equipment after the end of the inventory and registration of the work of the warehouse. Before the emergency response, the rear work equipment configuration as comprehensive as possible. Emergency response before departure with the provincial emergency response agencies to communicate and coordinate, according to the needs, and then determine the specific equipment carried remotely, and do a good job of backup. Emergency work equipment configuration, based on the level of emergency response and the actual needs of emergency work, as appropriate.
Investigation and monitoring equipment, including digital video cameras, digital cameras, electronic compass, geological hammer, magnifying glass, binoculars, handheld GPS, laser rangefinders, three-dimensional laser scanner, unmanned aerial vehicles or light remote aircraft (configured to disaster-prone provinces and cities).
Communication equipment includes remote video conferencing systems, satellite phones, walkie-talkies.
Related software includes professional mapping and image processing (remote sensing) software, rapid simulation demonstration software, intelligent program system software, and geological engineering design software.
Vehicle-mounted generators, vehicle-mounted emergency systems, tents, field work clothing, medicine and labor insurance supplies, field work safety equipment, portable computers (with wireless network card).
Data security: emergency response center to do a good job of data collation, integration and quality check, and gradually built the emergency response information platform. Emergency response information requires color paper media and electronic version at the same time to prepare, as far as possible to meet the accuracy of emergency requirements. In the specific emergency response work, the data security is based on the emergency response work needs as appropriate. The focus is on background information and basic geohazard data. Background information includes administrative map (MapGIS and JPG), topographic map (MapGIS and JPG), geological map (MapGIS and JPG). Basic geohazard information includes geohazard distribution, geohazard occurrence area vulnerability zoning map (Mapa-GIS and JPG) and instructions (Word), historical disaster situation (Word), development of disasters in and around the disaster site, geohazard emergency response plan information, and geohazard management project information.
Other information includes recent rainfall forecasts, information on earthquakes or major projects (Word), meteorological warning information on geologic hazards, satellite and aerial remote sensing images and data.
(D) emergency response start-up procedures
Starting the decision-making process at all levels of the work program: the State Council to start the Ⅰ level of emergency response plan, the Ministry of Land and Resources automatically start the work program of the A level of emergency response; other into the daily decision-making process of geologic hazards prevention and control management by the Department of Geology and Environment to summarize the information, put forward a proposal, according to the procedures of the report.
Six, emergency rescue (disposal) specific implementation
(a) rescue, transfer or evacuation of stranded people
Mainly on-site search, rescue, evacuation and on-site medical treatment of affected persons. After the occurrence of the disaster, the local people's government, grass-roots mass self-governance organizations should be based on the actual situation, timely mobilization of residents threatened by geological disasters, as well as other people to move to safety; in case of emergency, you can force the organization of disaster evacuation. The focus is to protect the lives and properties of the disaster victims, the livelihood of the disaster victims, and the psychological measurement of the disaster victims. Protecting the safety of important targets and rescuing and transporting important materials.
(2) disaster site investigation, assessment and trend judgment
As soon as possible to identify the causes of geological disasters, the scope of the impact of the disaster investigation, assessment, the development trend of the disaster to judge, put forward emergency management measures.
1. Disaster prediction and quick report
Provide specific location, type, level; determine the threat of geological disaster hazardous point object, scope; determine the response level; for the start of emergency response and rescue decision-making services.
2. Environmental judgment of the disaster area
Geological environment survey, mainly topography, stratigraphy and lithology, geological structure, hydrogeology, adverse geological phenomena and other investigations. For the dead and injured people rescue treatment and the affected people transfer and resettlement; affected property transfer route to determine, at the same time according to the characteristics of the geological environment, based on different geomorphological features for the provision of material security to make preparations.
3. Geological disaster hidden danger investigation, prevention and monitoring
Mainly by the expert team is responsible for guiding the investigation of the site hidden danger. Prevent secondary disaster injuries and relief personnel and the surrounding areas of geological hazards hidden emergency investigation and prevention. To familiarize themselves with the main body of the disaster, come up with a plan to implement the responsible person. At the same time, to find out the cause, to determine where there is danger, the need to evacuate, to where the search and rescue, and so on.
4. Analyze the cause of the disaster
Mainly to investigate the cause of the disaster, analyze the development trend of the disaster, on the basis of which to guide and assist in disaster relief work.
5. Disaster risk assessment
To analyze the disaster-causing geologic bodies, different types of geologic disasters are assessed separately.
(1) landslide
Surveys should be conducted on the elements and deformation characteristics of landslides, analyzing the scale, type, main triggering factors, and the scope of influence of landslides, and evaluating the current situation and the stability of unfavorable working conditions.
(2)Dangerous rock collapse
Surveys should be conducted on the morphology of steep cliffs, lithological combinations, rock structure, structural surface properties, the degree to which the dangerous rock body has been cut by fissures, and the deformation of the base, to analyze the morphology of the dangerous rock, type, scale and scope of the impact of the collapse, and to evaluate its stability.
(3)Mudslide
Surveys should be conducted on the material conditions of mudslide formation, topographic and geomorphological conditions, hydrological conditions, development of vegetation, and the impact of human activities, to analyze the conditions of mudslide formation, scale, type, activity characteristics, mode of erosion, mode of destruction, and the scope of the impact of mudslide, and to predict the development trend of mudslide.
(4) Ground subsidence
The karst subsidence and loess wet subsidence should be investigated for the subsidence form, boundary, formation of geological conditions and underground hydrodynamic conditions, cave filling, building deformation and treatment. For mining collapse and underground excavation collapse should be investigated collapse in the underground mining (excavation) location, boundary, buried depth, mining and excavation time, treatment methods, water accumulation and other conditions. Should analyze the gravity and surface loading effect, vibration effect, groundwater and surface water effect and collapse impact range, the impact range of ground collapse.
(5) Ground cracks
Investigation of the geometric and activity characteristics of ground cracks, the scale, nature and distribution of individual ground cracks and groups of ground cracks, the destructive characteristics of ground cracks on the ground and underground buildings, and the existing preventive and curative measures and effects. It also divides the types of causes of earth cracks, determines the triggering factors, predicts the development trend, and analyzes the relationship with other geological disasters in the same area.
(6) Ground subsidence
Investigate the location of ground subsidence area, causes, history, groundwater extraction and irrigation, cumulative amount of subsidence, subsidence rate; composition of rock and soil in the area of subsidence and homogeneity, various types of soil layer properties and thickness, ground subsidence hazards. It analyzes the causes of subsidence, initially defines the scope of ground subsidence, determines the cumulative amount and rate of ground subsidence, and predicts the development trend of subsidence.
(C) Emergency disposal project implementation - the basic method of geological disaster rescue
According to the situation of disaster site investigation, assessment and trend judgment, the organization of emergency disposal project construction. Emergency disposal works for different disasters and people, equipment, environment and other damage, including emergency education, risk avoidance, evacuation, evacuation, rescue, disposal, repair, aftermath and other content. In order to effectively organize the emergency disposal project, the rescuers should understand and master the basic procedures and methods of rescue work during or after the occurrence of different types of geological disasters. According to the Internet (see the main references and information listed) and related disaster management, disposal information and other summarized, different types of geologic disaster emergency rescue and treatment (disposal) of the basic methods are as follows: 1. Emergency disposal of the occurrence of the collapse
(1) depending on the risk of evacuation of personnel and materials from the hazardous area in a timely manner
When the collapse, landslides by accelerated deformation stage into the stage of critical slip, the collapse of the slippery Disasters are inevitable, not manpower can be stopped in a short time, at this time, the situation should be reported to the local government departments in a timely manner, organized by the government departments will be the residents of the danger zone, property and timely evacuation of the danger zone, to ensure the safety of people's lives and property.
(2)Timely stop disaster-causing power destructive effect
In order to fight for the rescue and relief time, and delay the collapse, landslide large-scale damage, monitoring technicians should immediately analyze the information, timely stop disaster-causing power destructive effect, such as mining-induced collapse, mining activities should be immediately halted; such as the foot of the slope induced by the excavation of landslides, digging activities should be immediately stopped; such as channel leakage induced by landslides, such as the If the landslide is induced by the leakage of the channel, the water discharge from the channel should be stopped immediately.
(3) there are omens in advance, should be formulated as early as possible to evacuate the plan
Avalanche, landslide disaster in large-scale collapse, landslide, often beforehand there are omens in this case, the local government departments should be formulated as early as possible to evacuate the people in the danger zone, evacuation plan, in order to prevent confusion and unnecessary casualties occurred.
2. Emergency response to landslides
1) When in a landslide, first of all, you should remain calm, can not panic. To quickly look around, to the safer part of the evacuation. Generally except for high-speed landslides, as long as the action quickly, it is possible to escape from the dangerous section. When running away, the best direction is to run in both directions. In a downward sliding slope, it is dangerous to run up or down. When you can not run away from the high-speed landslide, more panic, under certain conditions, such as landslides as a whole slide, stay put, or hold trees and other things, is not an effective self-help measures. Such as March 7, 1983 occurred in Gansu Province, Dongxiang County, the famous high-speed loess landslide - Shile Mountain landslide in the survivors is in the landslide, hold on to the body of the landslide of a large tree and life.
2)When you are in a non-landslide area and you find a suspected landslide, you should immediately report it to a neighboring village, township, county, or other relevant government or organization. For example, the group monitoring and prevention station or county, city, regional and provincial government departments in charge of land and resources, the agency should be duty-bound to assume this responsibility, and immediately organize the relevant government, units, troops, experts and local people to participate in rescue and disaster relief activities.
3) Government departments should immediately implement emergency measures (plan), quickly organize the evacuation of people from the danger zone and the possible impact area, and notify the neighboring valleys, ravines in the people ready to evacuate, pay close attention to the spread of the disaster and transformation. For example, landslides are often transformed into mudslides (secondary disasters) during heavy rains and floods. Pay attention to the occurrence of secondary or tertiary disasters, such as fires and floods, caused by certain lifeline projects (e.g., reservoirs, mainline railroads, mainline highways, power plants, communication equipment, mainline canals, etc.) that may be jeopardized by landslides. Investigate whether landslides are characterized by intermittent activity and determine, as far as possible, the likelihood and timing of re-activation. If necessary (need to be argued by relevant experts or scientists), should quickly set up observation points (stations) or observation network, and closely monitor the dynamics of its changes, "mending, not too late".
3. Emergency response to mudslides
1) When in the mudslide area, should be quickly to the mudslide ditch on both sides of the run away, remember not to follow the ditch upward or downward running. When in the non-mudslide area, should immediately report the mudslide ditch downstream of the village, townships, towns, counties or industrial and mining enterprises may be affected (affected).
2)The relevant government departments should immediately organize rescue and relief activities with the participation of the government, units (villages, townships, towns), experts and local people.
3)Prepare and implement emergency measures (or plans). For example, as appropriate, to restrict the passage of vehicles and pedestrians; organize the rapid evacuation of people in the danger zone.
4) pay close attention to the mudslide disaster may trigger some kind of lifeline project (such as reservoirs, railroads, highways, etc.) secondary disaster or even a third disaster, such as fires, floods, explosions and so on.
5) the establishment of observatory (network) for long-term dynamic monitoring, grasp the changes in the development trend of the disaster, and make a decision.
4. Emergency response to the occurrence of ground cracks
1) after the occurrence of ground cracks in the vicinity of the building collapse pit should be filled in a timely manner, so as not to affect the stability of the building. The method is to put into the schist, on the pavement of sand and pebbles, and then on the pavement of sand, the surface with clay tamping.
2)The serious cracking of the building should be temporarily closed, not allowed to use, such as the identification of dangerous buildings to determine the measures to be taken.
5. Ground subsidence (subsidence) emergency disposal
1)After the occurrence of subsidence on the collapse of the adjacent buildings should be filled in a timely manner, so as not to affect the stability of the building. The method is to put into the schist, on the sand pebbles, and then on the sand, the surface with clay tamping, after a period of time of subsidence and compaction with clay tamping to make up for the flat.
2)Ground cracks near the building should be plugged in time, the ground collapse pit should be intercepted surface water to prevent its injection.
3)The serious cracking of the building should be temporarily closed and not allowed to use, to be identified after the identification of dangerous buildings to determine the measures to be taken.
6. Emergency response in the event of an earthquake
Earthquake emergency response is detailed in Chapter III, Section I, this chapter will not repeat.
7. Volcanic eruption emergency disposal
Volcanic eruption activities have a relatively long period of time, even if the sudden eruption of the volcano, the damage to people and property has a certain time interval, therefore, people can make full use of this period of time to carry out emergency disposal. When the volcano erupts, the common emergency treatment works mainly include: ① Response to lava hazards. Among the various hazards of the volcano, the lava flow may pose the least threat to life, because people can run out of the route of the lava flow. (ii) Responding to ejecta hazards. Hard helmets like those used by construction workers, motorcyclists, or horseback riders will give you some protection if you are fleeing from an eruption close to the volcano. In a wider area, fleeing may not be necessary. ③ Respond to volcanic ash hazards. Wearing goggles, a ventilator mask or ski goggles will protect your eyes (but not sunglasses). Protect your mouth and nose with a damp cloth and, if possible, use an industrial gas mask. When you get to a shelter, remove your clothing, wash your exposed skin thoroughly, and rinse your eyes with clean water. ④ Respond to gas globule hazards. If there is no solid underground structure nearby, your only chance of survival may be to jump into the water and hold your breath for half a minute or so, and the globules will roll over. ⑤ Volcanic activity often increases prior to an eruption, accompanied by rumbling and the escape of steam and gases, and the smell of sulfur can be detected in local rivers. Irritating acid rain, loud rumbling noises, or wisps of steam coming from the volcano are all warning signs. As you drive away, remember that ash can make roads slippery. Don't take the canyon route, which can turn into a path for mudflows.
(D) Logistics and life support
Maintenance and repair of communication, transportation, water supply, power supply, gas supply and other lifeline projects in the disaster area; security in the disaster area, sanitation and epidemic prevention in the disaster area, and basic life support in the disaster area.
(E) organization of post-disaster reconstruction work
Preparation of geological disaster prevention and control programs, planning, post-disaster reconstruction work, generally organized and implemented by specialized departments.