Medical waste is categorized as:
1, infectious waste: items contaminated by the patient's blood, body fluids, excreta; infectious disease patients or suspected infectious disease patients generated by the living garbage; pathogens of the culture medium, specimens; a variety of discarded medical specimens; discarded blood, blood serum; after the use of disposable medical waste products.
2. Injurious wastes: medical needles, suture needles; all kinds of medical sharps, such as scalpels, skin preparation knives, etc.; slides, test tubes, ampoules and so on.
3, pharmaceutical waste: expired, eliminated, deteriorated or contaminated discarded medicines, including: general drugs, immunosuppressants, discarded vaccines, blood products and so on.
4, chemical waste: imaging, laboratory waste chemical reagents; waste chemical disinfectants; waste mercury sphygmomanometer, mercury thermometer.
5. Pathological waste: human waste and medical laboratory animal carcasses generated in the process of diagnosis and treatment.
Methods of disposal of medical waste:
I. Sanitary landfill method
Sanitary landfill method is to bury the garbage into the ground, and through the long-term decomposition of microorganisms, make it decompose into harmless substances. If the landfill system of medical waste does not have impermeable measures, all kinds of toxic substances, pathogens, radioactive substances, etc. will seep into the soil with rainwater, and harmful substances will enter the human body through the food chain, endangering human health.
Therefore, sanitary landfills need to undergo scientific site selection, and with clay, high-density polyethylene and other materials laid impermeable layer, must also be set up to collect landfill gas and output pipeline, so the use of landfill disposal method must be very careful, must be in accordance with the relevant provisions of the medical waste to carry out a strict pre-treatment.
Two, high-temperature incineration method
Incineration treatment is a deep oxidation of the chemical process, under the action of high-temperature flames, incineration equipment within the medical waste through the drying, ignition, incineration of the three phases of the transformation of its residue and gas, the infectious agents in the medical waste and hazardous substances in the incineration process can be effectively destroyed.
The incineration technology is applicable to a variety of infectious medical waste, incineration requires incinerator with high and stable furnace temperature, good oxygen mixing conditions, enough gas residence time and other conditions, while the need for the final emission of flue gases and residues for harmless disposal.
Three, high-pressure steam sterilization method
Pressure steam sterilization treatment method is the principle of medical waste in the high temperature, high pressure process conditions run more than 20min, the pressure of the steam penetrates the object inside, so that the microbial proteins coagulate and denaturation and be killed.