Art form analysis of museum display design

Analysis of the art form of museum display design

Museums as a permanent institution to disseminate culture and forensic history, its display space as well as exhibits need to produce **** with the audience mind, the following is my J.L for you to share the art form of museum display design of the paper samples.

The art form analysis of museum display design Part 1

Abstract:The museum has always been the carrier of the inheritance and development of culture, is a display design creative activities, but also a part of the exhibition, which not only has a display design of the **** the same nature, but also has its own characteristics. Through reasonable display design can better reflect the regional, cultural and national characteristics, to meet people's material and spiritual life, enhance the quality of life. Contemporary museum display design is also along with the richness and innovation of display means and technology, bursting out with different artistic values. This paper focuses on the art form of museum display design for specific research.

Keywords: museum; display design; art form

Museum display design is a kind of design discipline, with the development of design means and technology, museum display design also has more new connotation. Relative to the general location of the display design, museum display design on the design of the style, techniques and categories have put forward higher requirements. Museum display design involves psychology, communication, architecture, psychology, aesthetics and ergonomics and other disciplines. Therefore, in the museum display design, we need to take the deep cultural connotation as the background, so as to make the design of the art form stronger, in line with the current people's aesthetics.

I. Analysis of the principles of museum display design

(a) The goal of museum display design

The main significance of the existence of the museum is to be able to popularize knowledge, dissemination of social civilization, it is an institution with public **** sex. It has a special form of art display. It can also be said that the museum is a work of art, its architectural style, the design of exhibits and the overall planning can bring people a certain visual enjoyment.

(B) Museum display design elements

Museum display design can mainly cover the display space, display equipment and display items. The display space is also the conceptual space, is a kind of space display without form, mainly with the content of the exhibits to reflect the value of its existence. At the same time, the museum display space is also the main carrier of display activities, in the museum display space, its structure, color and lighting are necessary elements; display equipment including exhibition walls, display racks, display cabinets and display boards. [1] Display equipment has the characteristics of combination, convenience and standardization. Combination refers to the process of display, the display of equipment can be based on the specific requirements of the display with a combination of convenience refers to the combination of modern assembly technology and advanced design solutions, so that the installation and disassembly of the equipment is more convenient; standardization refers to the specifications of the display equipment has a certain degree of universality; display items is the main content of the museum exhibition, is the main goal of the museum display and the task.

Second, the museum display space design art

The display space is the main place of the museum display activities, in the design not only to meet the exhibits of the display bearing function, but also in line with the aesthetic requirements of the visitors, so in the museum's design of the display space must be done to deal with certain art.

(a) pay attention to the harmony of the space

The design of the museum display space can not be divided into different parts of the design, but to focus on the design of the overall and systematic, so in the design of the space must take into account the harmony of the factors in the space of the incongruity of the unity of the factors. But this unification does not mean that all the space should have a unified model, but both diversity and unity. In the museum display design needs from the space planning, color, material and structure and other aspects of the changes to build a unified space model.

(B) display design needs to follow the principle of balance

The balance of the design can make the visual composition more harmonious, balanced design refers to a certain point as the center, both sides of the design of equal or similar weight. At the same time in the design of the principle of equilibrium, also divided into regular equilibrium and irregular equilibrium. Regular balanced design can visually give people a feeling that both sides are completely equal, whether in volume, shape or color has a strong symmetry, the formation of regular mirror symmetry, which is also an important design principle in the design of the museum display space; and irregular balance is based on the principle of leverage balance, the elements of the two sides of the design are similar, but there are differences. This design can increase the vibrancy of the atmosphere of the display space, while not losing the overall sense of balance.

The rhythm of the display space design mainly refers to the design of the space in a specific range or unit with regular repetition or the decomposition of the movement of the form. In the specific design, it is a segmented movement based on the repetition of spatial composition, so it can make the distribution of space with a certain degree of regularity. Rhythm, on the other hand, mainly refers to the combination of similar elements or spatial environment, so that it has a certain degree of regularity, but also has a certain degree of change. In the museum's 'space design, rhythm and rhyme is the main way of unit space design, with repetition and gradual change of expression. Repetition of the unit space can give people a stable, continuous visual feeling, so that in the chaotic exhibits, so that people can be a calm state of mind to view, but also for people to visit play a guiding role; gradual change of the unit space can be divided into a single space gradient as well as the gradient of the composite space, through the gradual change of the way to give a flexible and not lack of holistic feeling of the orderly space Changes will not affect the psychology of people visiting, and can highlight the main body of the display. [2]

Three, the museum display content design art

(a) Hardware content design art

1. showroom design art

The museum exhibits in the exhibition of the main storage location is the showroom, so in the showroom design need to pay attention to indoor environment, ventilation, dryness and humidity, as well as lighting and other factors. As the exhibits displayed in the museum have great inheritance value, fire protection measures must be done in the design of the showroom. In the process of construction in strict accordance with the relevant provisions of the selection of materials, strict operating standards. At the same time in the design of the showroom also need to carry out certain artistic treatment of space, such as the showroom floor, walls and ceilings, such as the specific tone and texture of the exhibits need to be displayed in line with the exhibits, able to bring out the background of the exhibits, so that the audience in the process of visiting the exhibits can be accessed to show the main body of the exhibits, and to play a strong visual guidance effect.

2. Light environment design art

Light is the basic visual conditions for perceiving objects, so in the creation of the museum, change and optimize the design of the space are inseparable from the light environment. There are two main types of light sources in museum display design, one is natural light, the other is artificial light. Natural lighting is mainly through the sun irradiation and the formation of the light environment, so the indoor light will change with the rotation of the earth, which makes some of the direction towards the north of the exhibition hall will choose the natural light, because this direction of the exhibition hall by the light changes less influence, and the light is soft. Artificial light mainly refers to the light environment formed by the use of electric lamps, through the adjustment and setting of lamps to achieve a certain lighting effect. Currently at home and abroad museums use a wide range of lamps and lanterns, including basic lighting fixtures, decorative lamps and lanterns and slow shooting lighting. At the same time in the lighting effect is also divided into direct lighting, indirect lighting and key lighting. First of all, direct lighting. It is a frequently used means of lighting, generally commonly used ceiling lamps, rail spotlights and chandeliers, etc. This lighting method can ensure that more than 95% of the light is fully utilized. Therefore, in the museum of the hall, the main channel and the top of the large exhibits, generally will be used in the way of direct lighting, so as to ensure that the light of the light distribution is more extensive, will not produce shade angle. But in the direct lighting brightness selection, but also according to the irradiation area, irradiated objects and the height of the exhibition hall to set, the general illumination is set at 300lx. because if the light is too weak, it will make the exhibition hall line of sight is not clear, and can not achieve the expected effect of the show; if the light is too strong, it is easy to make the audience produce visual fatigue, but also on the exhibits to produce a certain amount of damage, especially books, lacquer, etc. easy to produce fading and deterioration of the situation. Produce fading and deterioration. Secondly, indirect lighting. Indirect lighting refers to the light projected on the wall or ceiling, forming a secondary light source, in the museum exhibition hall ceiling, floor, side of the board, etc., so that the light of the light from the inside to the outside of the light. Indirect lighting has better light diffusion, does not produce shadows, moderate light, soft light quality. [3] Therefore, in the design of the exhibition hall, it is necessary to set up reasonably according to its own characteristics, and it can be designed according to the location of the exhibits, the type of color lighting and the demand for brightness, etc., so that the exhibition hall can form a hierarchical change of the light environment. Finally, focus lighting. Focus lighting, also known as local lighting, refers to the use of strong lights on the exhibits of a part of the projection, and then form a close-up effect, can highlight the focus of the product display, produce a three-dimensional sense. This lighting setup has a strong target, generally used in the exhibition hall is more representative of the exhibits. For example, the Beijing Palace Museum's "Yu Yu ruling the water Jade Mountain Zi", the use of this approach can reflect the coherence of the entity and the void. However, when applying accent lighting, it is important to focus on the directionality of the light so that a sense of three-dimensionality can be shaped. It is necessary to combine the light from the top, downlight and backlight in three directions, and at the same time add filters in front of the lamps, through the filtering of ultraviolet rays, to effectively control the dazzling light. In addition, in the design of the key lighting also need to set the distance according to the booth spacing, size and other appropriate settings, to form a clear primary and secondary, loose and tight moderate visual effect.

3. The art of display equipment design

Display equipment is generally larger in size and quantity, so the design of display equipment has a very important role in the overall effect of art, in the design of museums need to be the size of cabinets, walls and booths, proportions and modeling lamps to conduct serious research and study, so that the display equipment can be consistent with the content and characteristics of the exhibits and thus reflect the role and highlight the role of the display and the characteristics of the exhibits. The design of the display equipment can be compatible with the content and characteristics of the exhibits, thus reflecting the role of the display and highlighting the advantages of the exhibits.

(2) Software content design art

1. Display combination design art

Display combination design is the core of spatial display design, and it is also the most laborious and costly in the design work. Display combination includes overall and local display combination part, the overall display combination is the total design style under the design of the combination; and local combination design is mainly based on specific specimens, cultural relics for the exhibition of basic materials, in the process of designing according to the design framework or outline and sequential and hierarchical arrangement of exhibits, so that exhibits establish a certain degree of connectivity. [4]

2. Auxiliary exhibits materials design art

Auxiliary exhibits materials include light boxes, charts, sand trays, and photographs to supplement the original exhibition of some of the materials, to supplement the display of works of academic research results, while there are also some auxiliary exhibits itself is a work of art, with a certain value of appreciation.

In addition to the design of hardware and software, there are some between hardware and software design content, such as safety signs, cultural relics. Take the route layout of the showroom as an example, in the process of design, first of all, we should consider the soundness and perfection of the burglar alarm, fire and other facilities, while ensuring the smoothness of the emergency evacuation ports, and secondly, we should pay attention to the fit of these facilities with the overall design of the museum to ensure that the museum's overall artistic effect.

Four, conclusion

In summary, the museum as a dissemination of culture, identification of history of the permanent institutions, the space and exhibits need to be displayed with the audience mind to produce *** Ming, so the museum display design from the perspective of the art of the distance between the audience, so that the audience in the museum, not only to be able to appreciate the style of the exhibits, but also to ensure that the museum's overall design to ensure the overall artistic effect. Appreciate the elegance of the exhibits, and at the same time through the museum's design art to find the same artistic language. Create a pattern of innovation, so that the museum display style has a deeper cultural connotation, but also close to life, can better serve the community and promote national culture.

References:

[1]Yang Zhenghong. Museum Display Design under Multiple Experiences---Taking Zhenjiang Museum as an Example[J]. Southeast Culture.2013(5):117-122.

[2]Xiao Kokun, Lu Wuqiang. A preliminary study on the art of museum display design[J]. Journal of Chifeng College (Natural Science Edition), 2015(13):163-164.

[3]Xie Xiaoxiong. Research on contemporary museum display design art [J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2015(24):36.

[4]Xu Jing. The application of Chinese traditional elements in the display design of history museums---talking about the display design art of Nanjing Six Dynasties Museum [J]. Art Science and Technology, 2014(9):59-60+62.

The art form analysis of museum display design Part 2

The museum display design is a means of information dissemination, under the premise of determining the overall design concept and formal style, the elements of the display of the overall layout arrangements, through the allocation of space and design of the exhibition wall, the combination of the sequence of the exhibits, the handling of key exhibits and other means. By means of allocating space and designing exhibition walls, combining and arranging the sequence of exhibits, handling key exhibits and other means, it realizes the museum's visual effect experience and information conveyance, and allows the audience to accept the museum's historical cultivation and cultural education. Therefore, the museum display design process requires the use of communication, art, sociology and other disciplines to achieve the effect of presentation.

First, the basic elements of the museum display

The basic elements of the display refers to all the exhibits and exhibits presented to the audience in the museum exhibition space. The audience into the museum through the visual, tactile, auditory to feel the exhibits to disseminate information, to achieve the purpose of education. Therefore, according to the shape of the exhibits and information dissemination characteristics of the basic elements of the display can be divided into two categories.

The first category refers to the museum's various physical collections, these exhibits are the cornerstone of the museum display, belonging to the static display information. In the exhibition display process through independent static display, the original information directly and objectively reflected to the audience. Physical collections have very strong authenticity and credibility, and are the most important part of the museum display. Such exhibits include cultural relics, specimens, photographs, replicas, models, sand trays, illustrated materials, documents and archives.

The second category refers to the record of human civilization and historical development of a variety of audio, video and other audio-visual materials, belonging to the dynamic information. This kind of exhibits can more intuitively present the natural and social living environment, as well as the relationship between historical figures and events. The display method of this kind of exhibits is mainly through digital technology and multimedia equipment to the audience. For example, a piece of historical information located in the rest passage of the Museum of American Jewish History in New York, through video projection on the fragmented wall to evoke the memory of everyone.

Second, the museum display elements of the display principles and points

(a) the display of cultural relics collection principles and points

First, the safety of cultural relics collection display is the primary problem, display should pay attention to the protection of cultural relics collection, can not touch the cultural relics collection to do a good job of protection. To do a good job of protection.

Second, the scientific principle of display of cultural relics collection, that is, the collection of cultural relics according to the system is arranged in different categories, while paying attention to the logical order of the collection of cultural relics and the primary and secondary relationship between them, avoid haphazard stacking.

Third, the art of displaying cultural relics collection principle, that is, pay attention to cultural relics collection and the background of the aesthetic relationship between space, in order to form a rich artistic display effect.

(B) the display of video data principles and points

First, the study of video data content and scientific basis, fully explore the historical background of video data, restore the authenticity of its content.

Second, to grasp the relationship between the key content of the display of video data and the best form of expression, appropriate borrowing in kind, sand table, modeling, high-tech equipment and other carriers for the performance, do not abuse the high-tech and ignored the essence of the content.

Third, the museum display carriers and methods of analysis

(a) the display of walls and display racks of the display methods

1. It is not only one of the basic equipment of museum display, but also one of the main display elements of the exhibition hall. The size and shape of the exhibition wall are determined according to the exhibition space and content, and its main function is to place the hanging exhibits, but also can do the separation of the internal space of the exhibition hall, and guide the audience's visiting route. The main contents and methods of display are as follows: firstly, cultural relics, specimens and replica exhibits are displayed by designing niches on the exhibition wall; secondly, pictures, photographs, charts and maps are made into light-weight panels to be hung on the exhibition wall; thirdly, video materials are directly inlaid on the exhibition wall with pre-drilled holes through LED displays, light boxes, etc.; fourthly, the title text, text content, decorative lines, etc. are directly pasted Fourth, title text, text content, decorative lines, etc. are directly pasted or printed on the exhibition wall; Fifth, exhibits rendering atmosphere, such as illustrative materials, background pictures, background patterns, etc., are directly printed on professional materials through screen printing, and then pasted on the exhibition wall with appendices. For example, Liaoyuan City, the youth peace education base of the picture hanging wall design, as well as the National Museum of Singapore's illustrative material screen printing wall design.

2. Display method

The display method of the exhibition rack is the same as the display method of the exhibition wall, also through the hanging of exhibits to display the display, the exhibition rack has the advantages of flexible layout, space-saving, easy to change compared to the exhibition wall. The form design of exhibition stand is rich and diversified, and it can also be matched with the background to disseminate information at the same time. Display racks can also form the space of the screen, partition to enrich the visual effect of space.

(B) display cabinets and booths display method

1. Display cabinet display method

The display cabinet is the main carrier of the display of cultural relics collection, but also one of the basic equipment of the museum display, the effect of the show should be based on the characteristics of the different exhibits, the form of the display cabinet, materials, lighting, temperature, monitoring facilities, etc., to carry out special design. The display case requires simple operation, easy disassembly and installation, and has good performance of cultural relics protection. Display cabinets are usually divided into wall display cabinets, center independent display cabinets, table cabinets, etc. Wall display cabinets have a half-height, floor-standing points, in addition, wall display cabinets can also be combined with the exhibition wall as a whole for display. For example, China's Shanxi Fenjiu Museum half-height display cabinets and independent display cabinets, as well as the United States Metropolitan Museum of Art floor display cabinets.

2. Booth display method

Booth is to support large-scale objects, works of art, models, sand trays of display tools. The form, color and material requirements and exhibits echo and unity. The size of the booth according to the height of the human line of sight, generally larger exhibits using a lower booth, small exhibits with a higher booth. For example, Putian Museum of large group sculpture art booth display, as well as the United States Museum of Alaska taxidermy booth display.

In order to break through the limitations of physical exhibits in the display of information dissemination, more and more museums in the display of the display process using the scene design method, restore some major historical events or elaborate on the life of important figures. Scene design originally originated from theater and performing arts, and was later applied to the biological evolution history display in nature museums. Because the display effect can leave a deep impression on the audience, this display method has been slowly applied to historical, military and folklore museums. Scene design is an integrated art, architecture, stage design and other multidisciplinary theories of the integrated display method, scene design, including background painting, the main specimen or model production, foreground space design, post maintenance and many other issues.

According to the different needs of the museum subject matter, the type of scene display can be summarized into three types: natural landscape scenes, scenes of historical figures and events, and artistic modeling scenes. For example, the U.S. Marine Corps Museum in Washington, D.C. *** enjoy the hall set up in the character event scene, through the character sculpture, helicopters, and field landscape atmosphere **** with the theme of the museum highlights the entire museum; Putian City Museum in order to highlight the important local historical figures, the design of the "stars" character group sculpture art modeling scene. The scene.

According to the scale of the display, scene design can be divided into closed window display and large open scene.

1. Closed window scene

The scene is installed into a closed window-like large display cabinet, so that the exhibits return to their original background environment, making the display more realistic and vivid. This kind of display is suitable for natural science museums to display animal specimens, and the closed display environment can protect the natural specimens. The background design of the window scene can be used to eliminate the wall turning with curved background painting, and the proportion can be in accordance with the real proportion of the scene, or can be reduced proportion. For example, the ecological landscape window scene of the American Museum of History and Nature, and the miniature window scene of the ScienceMuseum in Chicago.

2. Large open scene

Large open scene display method is to build the scene directly in the display space, due to the huge size, so do not need glass or partition to protect, some scenes need to design guardrail or fence, some scenes can allow visitors to participate in the scene to become part of the scene. Large open scenes are suitable for displaying some historical figures and events, social customs and rituals, traditional handicrafts and other contents. The creation of the time can be in accordance with the original appearance of the restoration, but also can be extracted representative of the typical symbols and images to be summarized, while combining sound, light, electricity and other factors so that visitors have a sense of immersion. For example, Washington Museum of American History residents building restoration scenes, as well as Fujian Putian City Museum Qi Jiguang anti-war restoration scenes.

(D) digital display display method

With the development of high technology, the museum display display has entered the digital era, the traditional cultural relics, works of art, audio, video and other image data can be used to achieve the dynamic display of digital media technology, this display method has an immersive and interactive, which allows the audience to all-round understanding of the exhibits. The form of its display display includes plasma (LCD) playback screen, touch screen, projection, phantom imaging, e-books, virtual reality and so on. Digital display methods can be digital film independent display, can be digital images combined with spatial scene display [2]. Specific display methods mainly include the following:

1. Theme film display

Theme film display form in the museum display is very common in the application of the display, the film is directly presented through the player or projection equipment. The theme of the theme film display includes historical stories, people, natural phenomena, scientific principles, which is the most intuitive way to carry out intellectual popularization of science, publicity and creation of the display.

2. Exhibits digital display

The exhibits will be digitized for innovative processing, and then displayed through certain high-tech equipment. Three-dimensional works of art can be displayed virtually through holographic projection, and flat paintings can be made into two-dimensional or three-dimensional animation through projection or display. For example, the digital version of "Qingming Riverside Drawing" exhibited at the 2010 Shanghai World Expo caused a strong reaction from the audience at the time of the exhibition, and set off a wave of digital creation of the subsequent traditional Chinese paintings.

3. Combining digital images with scenarios or spatial displays

Applying digital images to scenario design can better create an atmosphere that enhances the realism of the scene. Digital images combined with scene display to explain some scientific phenomena, principles or show local customs and folklore, such as phantom imaging is in the design of the scene to project the edited film.

(E) interactive device display display method

Modern museum display design in order to improve audience participation and enthusiasm, more and more emphasis on human-computer interactive display design. This display is suitable for science and technology museums, nature museums, children's museums and other popular science museums, the main display methods include the following:

1. Traditional mechanical interaction

Through the principle of electric machinery will display the content of the display, such as the common lifting plate question and answer, mechanical buttons, bearings flip and so on belong to this type of way. In the design of the time to pay special attention to the convenience of the use of interactive devices, as well as late maintenance is convenient and other issues.

2. Network human-computer interaction

This way is through the exhibition of data and information data written to the background software, through the program editing connected to the corresponding display media display, visitors can be free, selective experience and access to exhibit information. The elements that need to be designed for human-computer interactive display methods include UI display interface design, program design, background software design, display media, etc. Common forms of human-computer interaction include interactive question and answer sessions, electronic messages, interactive ground projection, and real-time video compositing.

Conclusion

The museum's display method is ultimately reflected in the visual form, and the essence of the museum's display is to achieve through these visual forms to allow visitors to be educated and entertained by the purpose of the two in the design process should be complementary to each other, and to achieve a high degree of unity of form and essence. The two should complement each other in the design process to achieve a high degree of unity of form and essence. Museum display methods are rich and varied, each display method has its advantages and disadvantages, when used must follow the principles of display design, choose the display method suitable for the exhibits, clever use of display techniques to build a museum with characteristics. With the arrival of the post-museum era, the museum display method is not static, should be with the development of the times non-stop progress.

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