The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the strategy of rural revitalization for the first time, and made specific path arrangements and policy choices. The strategy of rural revitalization is a strategic choice made by the CPC Central Committee for its long-term concern about the "three rural issues". This strategy is not limited to solving the "three rural issues", but raises the "three rural issues" to the strategic height of rural revitalization, condensing and sublimating on the basis of previous policy measures and practical achievements, so that the previous policy measures can cooperate with each other. It is organically combined with the strategy of urban-rural integration and regional coordinated development, so the implementation of rural revitalization is not a new stove, but a strategic choice made on the basis of agricultural, rural and farmers' policies and measures, as well as the accumulated experience in the reform and development of small towns, key towns and characteristic towns. So how to put the central strategic decision into the concrete practice of rural revitalization, that is, what measures to take to realize the rural revitalization goal put forward by the central government.
The first thing to be solved in rural revitalization is the problem of farmers' money bags, which is to make farmers rich. To solve this problem, we must revitalize rural industries, because only industrial revitalization can increase farmers' income and enhance farmers' consumption power. Judging from past experience, the choice of rural industries is basically inseparable from planting, raising and adding. Since we have a characteristic town, we have begun to get rid of the mode of planting, raising and adding, and explore industrial modes such as leisure tourism and vacation, but we have not been able to expand a broader industrial space without the restriction of rural endowment. The reason is that rural areas lack an investment environment to attract industrial capital, especially the logistics support and service system needed for industrial growth. In addition, the quality of human resources is low and the supporting facilities are not perfect. Logistics costs are relatively high. Because the quality of life in rural areas is not high, the level of social security is low, the prospect of career development is dim, and capital and talents lack the enthusiasm to flow to rural areas, so the investment and output in rural areas are relatively small, thus weakening the impulse of industrial capital to invest in rural areas. Because of this, in the construction of small towns and characteristic towns, both the government and academic circles emphasize the core position of the industry, but ignore the basic requirements and conditions for the industry to take root and even grow, thus failing to effectively open up industrial space to get rid of natural endowments.
Secondly, the basis and conditions for attracting industrial capital are the infrastructure needed for industrial development. These infrastructures are not limited to water and electricity, but also include logistics support and service systems. For example, the convenience of purchasing raw materials for product transportation and storage. Industrial production needs a large number of workers and managers, so should medical services, education and training. Meanwhile, we must improve our living environment. Human settlement environment should be an important basic condition for rural revitalization. Rural areas are still in a relatively primitive state in terms of garbage disposal, crop storage, energy utilization and spatial layout. To change this situation, it is necessary to make scientific planning and rational layout of rural areas. Rural planning area is limited, mostly within a few square kilometers. It is impossible to clearly divide the boundaries of various functional areas like cities, but to accommodate relatively complete required functions in a relatively limited area, depending on the natural characteristics of villages, or to plan several adjacent villages in a unified way.
Thirdly, the breakthrough or key issue of rural revitalization is the breakthrough of institutional mechanisms. Most of the rural economy in China is still dominated by agriculture, and the secondary and tertiary industries are not fully developed. The management of township enterprises is mostly extensive and random. In particular, foreign capital does not understand the local rural customs, and there are great differences between modern enterprises and local enterprises in the rural customs environment, which will inevitably bring about problems in the system and mechanism. How to prevent the outdated county and township economic system from extending to the countryside needs to design the rural economic system in advance. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that it is necessary to strengthen the basic work in rural areas and improve the rural governance system that combines autonomy, rule of law and rule of virtue. This shows that the central high-level consideration of the rural governance system is different from the urban system. From a realistic point of view, rural revitalization should first break the institutional mechanism that hinders the flow of capital and technical talents from all walks of life to the countryside, create a good business environment, truly give play to the basic role of the market in allocating resources, and give more space to capital from all walks of life. The reform of government administrative system not only lies in the reform of commercial system and the reduction of examination and approval items, but more importantly, it avoids the government's arbitrary intervention in the production and operation of enterprises, especially numerous inspections and investigations. Based on the institutional mechanism of rural revitalization strategy, township institutions should adapt to the merged institutions and reduce personnel. In principle, they should greatly reduce their economic management functions, do a good job in business services, and devote more energy to social management, social welfare and environmental protection. Villagers' committees, as villagers' autonomous organizations, should make great efforts to explore the governance model that conforms to Socialism with Chinese characteristics under the leadership of the government, reasonably determine the boundaries of autonomy, and innovate ways and means of autonomy to make autonomy reasonable and effective. According to our understanding, autonomy means villagers' autonomy, while villagers' autonomous organizations are village committees, the rule of law is national laws and regulations, the main body of action is the government, and the rule of virtue is a long-term rural custom and civil contract formed in rural secular society. Rural China has been a secular society for thousands of years. In modern society, the secular structure is destroyed by excessive government intervention, and the village Committee characterized by autonomy in reform and opening up is deformed because of the loss of secular foundation. How to restore the autonomy of rural secular society is the key to reform. Tradition should be abandoned, of course, it should not be retained without improvement, but how to inject new modern elements while retaining the traditional secular structure, so as to glow with new vitality and vitality. In the era of China's monarchy, it was not advocated that the imperial power should be moved down or boundless. There is an appropriate boundary between imperial power and secularism. In order to lighten people's burden and minimize financial expenditure, rural areas are managed by demonstration rather than administration. Although these experiences are the products of pre-modern agricultural society, it is not difficult to combine them with modern government management if they are used critically. Establishing closer contact between village committees and secular society will greatly reduce financial expenditure, make government management more effective, reduce farmers' burden, and give play to the spontaneous self-discipline of secular management of rural clans. In fact, in some rural areas, apart from village committees, the clan secular forces behind them are still playing a role. Why not integrate them and set them against each other? The result of opposition is that the decisions of village committees cannot be used to and implemented, and the secular forces of clans cannot play a role in public, but should be a joint force that should contain each other.
The fourth is to improve the production and living environment of rural residents. Rural revitalization strategy is an important measure to realize a well-off society in rural areas of China. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that the goal of rural revitalization strategy is industrial prosperity, ecological livability, rural civilization, effective governance and affluent life. Therefore, improving the rural living environment is the proper meaning in the title. Since the reform and opening up, the party and the state have continuously increased investment in rural infrastructure construction to improve the living environment of rural residents. However, under the condition of imperfect rural governance system, many infrastructures are dilapidated and abandoned due to lack of management. It is obviously inappropriate for rural infrastructure to be managed by water and electricity departments like urban infrastructure. We can consider establishing an infrastructure operation center in rural areas to manage and operate all kinds of infrastructure in a unified way. The improvement of rural residential environment focuses on the treatment of domestic sewage and garbage, as well as the development and utilization of new energy. Special attention should be paid to the use of new technologies and equipment such as sewage recovery facilities based on families. According to different rural conditions, through the harmless utilization of orange stalks and the development and utilization of solar energy, natural gas and biogas, the rural energy use structure will be improved and the rural air quality will be improved.
The core of rural revitalization strategy is industrial revitalization, which can increase the income of rural residents. Only by increasing their income can rural residents be able to consume various services and pay for the use of various infrastructure. Perfect infrastructure and logistics service system are the necessary conditions for undertaking industrial capital.