1, medical field: although wireless sensor networks show great potential for remote patient monitoring and medical equipment monitoring, they still face the challenges of data security and privacy protection, as well as the problems of medical equipment standardization and interoperability in practical applications.
2. Deep-sea exploration: despite the value of WSNs in marine research and resource exploration, the deployment and maintenance of these networks remains challenging due to the extreme conditions of the deep-sea environment, such as high pressure, low temperatures, and the lack of communication infrastructure.
3. Urban infrastructure monitoring: while WSNs can be used to monitor the structural health of bridges, roads, and urban infrastructure, the cost of deployment and maintenance, and the reliability and durability of the network remain limiting factors for their widespread use.
4. Space exploration: in space exploration, WSNs can be used to monitor the environmental conditions of spacecraft and moon bases, but due to the extremes of space environments and communication delays, the design and deployment of WSNs need to address a range of technical challenges.