Of course, you may say that this is the time to test a person's resilience (that is, stress), but the Jiangnan Red Cross Society believes that resilience can be cultivated, and so can psychological quality. More importantly, many emergency measures need not only excellent qualities such as courage, calmness, enthusiasm and optimism, but also knowledge, skills and even skills. If you fall from a height, if you give a lot of enthusiastic help, if you handle it reasonably, if you don't hurt your life, if you save yourself properly ... Many times, you don't need to try and solve the problem with an epiphany, because we can know in advance what is the best choice and how to avoid greater risks. We don't have much time, and we don't need to pay too many unnecessary costs.
Accidents, also called risks, refer to unexpected and unexpected things, both good and bad, which easily cause people's mood swings. Perhaps people nowadays put more emphasis on risk prevention, or reduce risks, "nip in the bud", but when accidents happen, whether they can be handled properly is the most important.
Crisis refers to an emergency caused by the deterioration of the situation, accidents, diseases, etc. Sometimes, crises also stem from long-term unstable, unsafe or dangerous external conditions. Crises are often related to accidents, but they are not entirely accidents, such as the recurrence of certain diseases, excessive nervousness during speeches or exams, etc. The emphasis here is on first aid, and effective first aid methods are implemented in the case of sudden illness or accidental injury.
When an accident or crisis will bring serious losses, it can be called a disaster. Common disasters mainly include: ① acute diseases (including acute infectious diseases): stroke, heart disease, trauma, foreign bodies, etc. ② earthquake; 3 fire; ④ Flood (including drowning): tsunami, flood, debris flow, avalanche and floating at sea; ⑤ Traffic accidents; 6 poisoning; ⑦ War, etc.
It should be noted that disasters are everywhere. When disasters become manifest, we should be able to understand: ① how to do it; 2 how to filter out bad emotions, such as excessive fear and nervousness; ③ How to seek help from others, especially professional organizations, and distinguish which help is harmful; ④ How to organize a group to face the disaster with collective strength; ⑤ How to reduce the adverse effects as much as possible after the disaster, get positive effects from it, and actively help others get rid of the shadow of the disaster, and so on.
Life is equal (or unequal) to everyone. We don't need tragedy. We are not the makers of tragedy. We need to face the accident with a positive attitude in order to prevent the tragedy from happening.
Starting from emergency psychology, knowledge, methods and steps, the Red Cross Society of Jiangnan District will help you and all those who seek a smart life in detail, cultivate the best emergency psychological quality, and overcome disasters with unremitting efforts and extraordinary courage.
Popularizing first aid knowledge is the unshirkable responsibility of Jiangnan Red Cross Society.
Everyone is related to "first aid", because everyone will inevitably have some critical situations and even accidental injuries. Even if there is no illness or injury, in the working and living environment, on the way of business trip, sometimes you will encounter sudden scenes of tension and need to lend a helping hand. Therefore, it is really important and meaningful to learn some first aid knowledge.
First aid begins at home.
People live in the family, and the family is a cell of society. Some accidental injuries and critical emergencies can occur in any environment and space, and are not limited by day and night. However, a large number of daily emergencies are most common at home. About 700,000 people in the United States die of cardiac emergencies every year, of which 1/2 dies "outside the hospital", that is, at the patient's home and on the way to the hospital. According to the daily statistics of Beijing Emergency Center during the four and a half years from 1990 to1June 1994, 88% of sudden deaths occurred at home. The age analysis of sudden death shows that the age group of 50-59 is the highest.
Other accidents, such as taking the wrong medicine, food poisoning, gas poisoning, foreign body in children's trachea, suffocation of the elderly, etc. It is also the most common onset environment. Therefore, the "first scene" of first aid is family. Doing a good job in family first aid plays an important role in saving the lives of critically ill patients.
Second, make life wonderful again.
Today, with the rapid development of modern civilized society and economy, people work hard and frequently travel between cities and countries, and the scope of human activities is expanding than ever before. No matter emergencies or accidents, including traffic accidents, the incidence of various natural and man-made disasters is increasing obviously. Life is threatened and health is challenged. Many people in their prime of life died of major emergencies and accidents when they should have shown their talents and elegance to the society. Many of them can be saved and "survive". For example, more than 1/2 cases of acute myocardial infarction died within one hour of onset. The reason is the occurrence of serious complications. In other words, serious complications swallowed up the patient's life. Many people's lives can be saved if correct first aid measures can be taken in time at the scene. Many medical experts in our country pointed out in their research reports that popularizing the first aid knowledge based on cardiopulmonary resuscitation to the public can obviously improve the success rate of rescuing critical heart diseases and reduce the threat of sudden death to the lowest degree.
Some people may say that it is a doctor's business to save critically ill patients, especially doctors with excellent medical skills and hospitals with modern equipment. How much does it have to do with the popularization of public first aid knowledge? We know that the most serious cases of critical illness are respiratory and cardiac arrest. There is no oxygen "warehouse" in the human body. Stopping circulation means that oxygen supply is interrupted and cells will die quickly because of lack of oxygen. If cardiopulmonary resuscitation is performed within 4 minutes, a high proportion of patients can survive. It is extremely rare to save lives if it is processed after more than 10 minutes. Even if a few people can recover, they often leave serious sequelae, mental disorders and even become "vegetative". This is because brain cells are damaged by lack of oxygen for too long. The only correct treatment is effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation immediately around the patient. At present, many developed countries have put forward the rescue of "first witness", which is often the key to the success or failure of rescuing respiratory and cardiac arrest.
The so-called "first witness" is the people around the patient, that is, the general public. We should actively improve people's awareness and skills of first aid at ordinary times. Once an accident happens, patients can get effective treatment from people around them in time. Life may be saved, and life will be brilliant again.
When we meet critically ill patients, on the one hand, we give emergency and necessary rescue at home or in other places. At the same time, we should immediately call the emergency center, emergency station or nearby medical institutions and family doctors, and ask medical staff to come to the rescue.
Making phone calls is the most common and quickest way to socialize and send messages. It is also a very important first step in rescuing patients, so the whole world attaches great importance to the creation and use of "emergency telephone".
First, the emergency telephone-the first step of ambulance At present, many developed and developing countries attach great importance to establishing a unified emergency telephone in their own countries or regions, and its intention is self-evident. The unified emergency telephone can immediately call the emergency agency to report the illness and request a home visit when the patient has a critical emergency, and people around him do not need to ask (easy to remember and brief). This is the most critical first step to save time and timely treatment. Emergency telephone is an important part of emergency communication system, the center of emergency response and the outpost of emergency work. Be responsible for receiving, transmitting, calling, commanding and coordinating the first aid information, so that all links of the first aid work inside and outside the hospital can cooperate closely, respond quickly and run smoothly. When major disasters and accidents occur and a large number of patients are injured, the emergency communication system becomes a national, city, regional and medical emergency command and contact system.
Second, "120"-China's emergency number.
The Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications and the Ministry of Health of China have decided in 1986 that the emergency telephone number of People's Republic of China (PRC) is "120" according to the relevant provisions of the National Standard for Automatic Circuit Numbering of National Communication Network and the needs of emergency work. 1988 March, Beijing Emergency Center was put into operation, and the emergency number "120" was activated. In the past, emergency telephone numbers used in Beijing ranged from 55678 to 555678. Because of its long-term familiarity, use and deep memory, it has been preserved to this day (now it has been changed to 525.5678) as an aid to the telephone number "120". We believe that when using the standard emergency telephone number in other cities, we might as well keep the used and well-known emergency telephone number for a period of time until the "120" number is deeply rooted in people's hearts.
It is worth pointing out that a city has established an emergency center or station and launched the "120" emergency telephone. This number belongs not only to the emergency center itself, but to the "communication command center" of the city's emergency network system. Because the telephone number of "120" is fast, whenever a critical patient or accident occurs, first dial "120", and then the dispatcher on duty of "120" will instruct the nearest first aid station or medical institution to go to the rescue according to the situation and geographical location.
With the acceleration of China's reform and opening up, especially in some open cities and developed tourist areas, first aid work is becoming more and more important, and it is urgent to open the "120" emergency telephone. Setting up "120" emergency telephone is not only a matter for medical and health departments, but also a cause that government departments should care about, support and build as soon as possible. The American emergency telephone number "9 1 1" is a household name, and it is well known to all women and children. It is not only used for medical first aid, but also for calling "9 1 1" when you need help in emergency rescue, even when you have difficulties in Fei Jing and fire alarm. The reception desk will give instructions and take rescue actions according to the nature of the call.
Third, what did the distress call say?
Because it is a distress call, the language must be concise and accurate, and the important words must be made clear so as not to delay precious time.
Generally speaking, the following points should be mentioned on the phone:
(1) Patient's name, gender and age;
(2) The most critical situation at present, such as unconsciousness, fainting on the ground, severe pain in precordial area, massive bleeding, dyspnea, etc. , onset time, process and medication, as well as some past history related to this onset;
(3) The detailed address and telephone number of the patient's family or illness report site, and the exact place to wait for the ambulance, preferably in a place with obvious eye-catching signs;
(4) If an accident occurs, the nature of the injury and the number of injured persons shall also be stated.
According to the above-mentioned contents of calling for help, emergency doctors should carry emergency medicines and instruments, arrive at the scene accurately and timely, and rescue them quickly.
Fourth, the family first aid "eight quit"
First, don't panic: it doesn't help to panic when something happens. If you pull an electric shock with your hand in a panic, you can only get an electric shock yourself. At this time, the power supply should be cut off first, and the patient should be separated from the power supply with insulators such as wooden sticks, and then the rescue should be carried out.
Two precepts: when you meet a critically ill patient, first look at whether the patient still has heartbeat and breathing, and how his pupils and consciousness are. If the heartbeat has stopped breathing, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and chest compressions should be performed immediately, instead of rushing to bandage and stop bleeding (the patient is dead, what is the use of stopping bleeding).
Three commandments: Move at will: Once an accident happens, family members often feel nervous, yell at the patient, push and shake the patient, and move around. In fact, it is best to treat it on the spot and avoid moving at will, especially for patients with cerebral hemorrhage, brain injury, acute myocardial infarction and fracture.
Temptation: When giving first aid, time is life, so it should be sent to the nearest hospital, especially when the patient's breathing and heartbeat are on the verge of stopping, and it is not suitable to be sent to a large hospital far away. It is necessary to believe that small hospitals are fully capable of initial first aid, and then transfer to higher-level hospitals after the first aid.
Five precepts: Many families have medicines, but their knowledge of medication is limited. Don't use it indiscriminately. Such as acute abdominal pain, excessive use of painkillers will cover up the condition and hinder the correct diagnosis.
Six abstinence from excessive drinking: Many people mistakenly think that giving patients some hot tea and hot water can alleviate their illness, but it is not necessary. Burn patients should not drink boiled water, and acute necrotizing pancreatitis should be fasted and forbidden, especially for patients who are unconscious, and hard drinking is not allowed, which may easily lead to choking and suffocation.
All seven precepts should lie flat: not all patients with acute diseases should lie flat. If they lose consciousness, they should lie flat with their heads tilted to one side. It is best for patients with heart disease and asthma to sit down, with their legs drooping and leaning back slightly; Patients with acute abdominal pain should bend their knees to relieve pain; Patients with pleural effusion take a semi-sitting position.
Bajie advocates random handling: usually pay attention to learning some basic rescue knowledge, and don't take it for granted in an emergency.
"Flashing waist", known as acute lumbar sprain in medicine, is a common disease, which is mostly caused by soft tissue injury caused by incorrect posture, excessive force, excessive activity and external force collision. Lumbago occurred immediately after the injury, showing persistent severe pain, which could be aggravated by local bleeding, swelling and low back pain the next day; Some just twisted their waist a little, and there was no obvious pain at that time, but they felt pain in their waist after rest.
Acute sprain and strain are mostly accompanied by severe pain. If the pain is unbearable, you can use topical painkillers instead of just enduring it. In order to relieve the pain, many people prefer to take painkillers. In fact, in terms of curative effect, the effect of external painkillers is comparable to that of oral painkillers. Topical painkillers act directly on the local area, which can quickly penetrate into the skin and relieve pain quickly and effectively. This can avoid gastrointestinal irritation at the same time, with high safety and convenient use.
Some people, especially the elderly, think that Chinese medicine plaster is the best medicine for sprain and strain. However, experts pointed out that there are many kinds of traditional Chinese medicine plasters, but some of them do not have anti-inflammatory function. You can't put a plaster on a sprain or strain on weekdays. Plaster has the effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, but it will accelerate swelling. If the sprained part is swollen, the skin is blue or the pain cannot be relieved for a long time, you should go to a regular hospital immediately.
Generally speaking, sports injuries are often related to insufficient warm-up exercise. To this end, sports experts suggest that to avoid sports injuries, we must be prepared and do some auxiliary warm-up activities for the vulnerable parts. For example, before playing basketball and football, you should exercise your ankles and knees, leg press.
According to experts, after a sprain or strain, you should stop exercising immediately to avoid aggravating the injury and take corresponding first aid measures. If you have a cramp, pull the muscles in the cramp area in the opposite direction and massage locally at the same time. If you have a muscle strain, you should immediately apply ice cubes or cold towels to the pain area and keep it for 30 minutes. Do not rub or apply heat. Once "waist flashing" happens, it is necessary to treat it properly in time and pay attention to rest. It's best to sleep on a wooden bed with a cushion under it. Don't sleep in the spring bed, because too soft springs will make the spine scoliosis, which will lead to the aggravation of lumbar spondylosis. At the same time, to seek medical treatment as soon as possible, you can also choose the following methods as appropriate:
Massage method: the person who flashes waist takes a prone position, and the family members hold their hands on both sides of the spine and massage them from top to bottom until the buttocks massage down to the muscles below the thighs and behind the calves. After several massages, massage with your thumb at the most painful part for several times.
Hot compress method: wrap the fried salt or sand in a cloth bag, and hot compress the sprain for half an hour each time, once in the morning and once in the evening, taking care not to burn the skin.
External application: take fresh ginger, hollow out the inner layer, put the ground realgar into ginger, cover it tightly with ginger slices, put it on a tile to dry, bake ginger into old yellow, let it cool, grind it into fine powder, sprinkle it on Shangshi ointment, and stick it on the affected area until the drug is stopped.
Medicated burn therapy: Herba Schizonepetae, Radix Saposhnikoviae, Flos Caryophylli, Cortex Cinnamomi, Olibanum, Myrrha and Fructus Piperis are taken and ground into fine powder. During the treatment, firstly, the powder is sprinkled on the affected skin, covered with 2-3 pieces of white cloth (soaked in vinegar), then 95% alcohol is sucked by a 20ml syringe, sprayed on the white cloth, then ignited and sprayed with alcohol continuously.
In addition, we should strengthen self-protection in sports, choose suitable sports venues, wear sports equipment and know some self-protection actions in sports. For example, when the body loses its balance, it is necessary to take a big step forward or backward immediately to avoid falling; When you are about to fall, you should immediately bow your head, bend your elbow, curl up, lie on your back and roll with the trend. You shouldn't support the ground with straight arms to avoid fracture. It is also important to keep a good attitude and not to exercise too much every time.