Three-dimensional measurement, as the name implies, is the object to be measured all-round measurement, to determine the object to be measured three-dimensional coordinate measurement data. Its measurement principle is divided into four aspects: ranging, angular displacement, scanning and orientation. Instruments developed according to the principle of three-dimensional technology include photographic (structured light) three-dimensional scanner, laser three-dimensional scanner and three coordinate measuring machine three kinds of measuring instruments. Three-dimensional measurement can be defined as "a detector with three directions of movement in three mutually perpendicular guide rails, the detector to contact or non-contact transmission of signals, three-axis displacement measurement system by the data processor or computer, etc., calculated by the coordinates of each point of the workpiece (X, Y, Z) and the measurement of various functions ". The measurement function of 3D measurement should include dimensional accuracy, positioning accuracy, geometric accuracy and contour accuracy. Mechanical, automotive, aerospace, military, furniture, tool prototypes, etc. Measurement of high-precision geometric parts and measurement of complex shapes of mechanical parts.
Three-dimensional measurement technology applications:
Three-dimensional laser scanning technology continues to develop and become more mature, three-dimensional scanning equipment is also gradually commercialized, three-dimensional laser scanner's great advantage lies in the ability to quickly scan the object being measured, without the need for reflective prisms can be directly obtained from the high-precision scanning point cloud data. This allows efficient 3D modeling and virtual reproduction of the real world. Therefore, it has become one of the hotspots of current research and has been widely used in the fields of digital conservation of cultural relics, civil engineering, industrial surveying, natural disaster investigation, visualization of digital urban terrain, and urban and rural planning.
(1) the field of surveying and mapping engineering: dams and power stations based on topographic surveys, highway surveying and mapping, railroad surveying and mapping, river surveying and mapping, bridges, building foundations, such as surveying and mapping, tunnel detection and deformation monitoring, deformation monitoring of dams, tunnels, underground engineering structures, surveying mines and volume calculations.
(2) structural measurement: bridge reconstruction and expansion projects, bridge structure measurement, structural testing, monitoring, geometric dimension measurement, spatial location conflict measurement, spatial area, volume measurement, three-dimensional high-fidelity modeling, offshore platforms, measurements of shipyards, power plants, chemical plants and other large-scale industrial enterprises, such as the measurement of internal equipment; pipelines, line measurements, and various types of machinery manufacturing installation.
(3) building, monument measurement: measurement of the interior and exterior of the building fidelity, monuments (ancient buildings, statues, etc.) of the protection of the measurement, heritage restoration, ancient building measurement, data preservation and other monument protection, site mapping, fake imaging, on-site virtual modeling, on-site protection of the image record.
(4) Emergency services: anti-terrorism, land reconnaissance and attack mapping, surveillance, mobile reconnaissance, disaster estimation, traffic accident ortho-mapping, crime scene ortho-mapping, forest fire monitoring, landslide and mudslide early warning, disaster early warning and on-site monitoring, nuclear leakage monitoring.
(5) Entertainment industry: for the design of movie products, design for movie actors and scenes, 3D game development, virtual museums, virtual tour guides, artificial imaging, scene virtualization, scene virtualization.