This paper is divided into two parts: the first volume and the second volume. Volume one is a multiple-choice question, and volume two is a non-multiple choice question.
The full mark of this volume is 120, and the examination time is 120 minutes.
Volume 1 (multiple choice questions, ***44 points)
Note: 1. Before answer sheet 1, candidates must fill in their names, admission ticket numbers and subjects on the answer sheet. At the end of the exam, the invigilator will take back the test paper and the answer sheet together.
2. After choosing the answer for each question, black the answer label of the corresponding question on the answer sheet with 2B pencil. The answer on the test paper is invalid.
First, multiple-choice questions (this big question ***22 small questions; 2 points for each small question, ***44 points. Of the four options given in each question, only one fits the meaning of the question.
1. The following substances cannot provide energy for human life activities.
A. rice b water c eggs d peanut oil
2. The following statement about oxygen is correct.
A.it can provide breathing. B. Its chemical properties are relatively stable.
C flammable. D is the most abundant substance in the air.
3. Medically, drugs containing magnesium hydroxide can be used to treat hyperacidity, and the chemical equation of the reaction is:
Mg (OH) 2+2HCl = MgCl2+2H2O, and this reaction belongs to
A. Combination reaction B. Decomposition reaction C. Displacement reaction D. Double decomposition reaction
4. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the atomic structure of sodium. The following statement is incorrect.
The proton number of sodium atom is 1 1.
B The outermost electron number of sodium atom is 1.
C. sodium atoms easily lose electrons to form cations.
D. sodium is a nonmetallic element.
5. Reasoning is an important research and learning method. The following reasoning is correct.
A. alkali contains hydroxyl, so it must contain hydrogen.
B. Molecules are particles that make up matter, so everything is made up of molecules.
C. The neutralization reaction includes salt and water, so the reaction with salt and water must be a neutralization reaction.
D iron wire can burn in oxygen, and there is oxygen in the air, so iron wire can also burn in the air.
6. Using the device shown in Figure 2, gas can be generated in the laboratory in the following ways.
A. make oxygen with ① ③ B. make carbon dioxide with ② ③.
C, ② ④ D to prepare oxygen, ① ⑤ to prepare carbon dioxide.
7. The four images shown in Figure 3 can correctly reflect the corresponding changes.
A.① Electrolysis of water
B.② Charcoal burns in a closed container.
C.③ heating a certain amount of potassium permanganate to generate oxygen.
D, ④ adding potassium nitrate solid into a certain amount of nearly saturated potassium nitrate solution at 20 DEG C.
8. The following processes have undergone chemical changes:
A. Bending of iron wire B. Watermelon juicing C. Food rotting D. Filament fusing
9. "Low-carbon life" refers to reducing energy and materials consumed in life as much as possible, thus reducing carbon dioxide emissions. The following practices do not conform to the concept of "low-carbon life"
A. Recycle textbooks B. Use less disposable wooden chopsticks
C. unplug the electrical appliance after use. Use disposable plastic bags when shopping.
10. The following facts cannot be explained from the molecular point of view.
A. Catkin flying
B. Flowers are in full bloom
C. when the tire is inflated, the gas is compressed.
D. 1 There are about 1.67× 102 1 water molecules in the water drop.
1 1. The classification of the following substances is correct.
A. Glass, ice and aluminum are all crystals.
Copper, mercury and salt are all conductors.
Carbon monoxide, ethanol and polyethylene are all organic substances.
D Nitrogen, seawater and phosphorus pentoxide are pure substances.
12. The following statement about the family security door is incorrect.
A. the material of iron security door belongs to alloy.
B. You can identify the speaker by his voice through the security door.
C the handle of the security door is installed far away from the door shaft, which makes use of the force and the stress point.
D. Add a small amount of pencil powder to the anti-theft door lock, which is easy to open, and the pencil powder plays a lubricating role.
13. In the following experiment, the control variable method is used.
A. When studying the lever balance conditions, do experiments repeatedly and draw conclusions through analysis.
B. In the experiment of electrolytic water, the composition of water is studied by examining bipolar products.
C, by changing the solvent and temperature, the dissolution amount of the substance is determined, and the factors affecting the solubility of the substance are studied.
D, when measuring the sliding friction, the magnitude of the friction can be known through the indication of the spring dynamometer.
14. The following analysis of the experiment shown in Figure 4 is incorrect.
A.①C The function of the c beaker is to verify that the substances in the air cannot discolor the phenolphthalein solution.
B.② There are water droplets on the inner wall of the beaker, indicating that methane contains hydrogen.
C.③ Xiaoming pushes Xiaohua on the ice, but he backs off, which shows that the force is mutual.
D.④ The object moves in a circle under the action of force, which shows that the movement of the object needs force.
15. The following data is closest to reality.
A. a small nail weighs about 5 n.
B. the rated power of flashlight is about 40 w.
C the thickness of the physics textbook for grade eight is about 6 mm.
D Last year, the lowest temperature in the north of our province reached minus 60℃.
16. The following statements about sound and electromagnetic waves are correct.
A. When playing computer games, people will not be exposed to electromagnetic radiation.
B. Cell phones transmit information through electromagnetic waves.
C. Ultrasonic waves emitted by electric toothbrushes cannot spread in the air.
D After the earthquake, the audio detector can collect the electromagnetic wave information sent by the survivors in the ruins.
17. The following statement about convex lens is incorrect.
A. a convex lens can condense light.
B.a convex lens can correct myopia.
C. the virtual image formed by convex lens must be enlarged.
D. The real image formed by convex lens can be enlarged or reduced.
18. The following statement about inertia is correct.
Xiaoming didn't push the stationary car because it has inertia.
② The train cannot stop immediately after braking due to inertia.
(3) The bullet flying at high speed has inertia, which disappears when it penetrates into the wood and stands still.
(4) Knock the wooden handle of the hammer a few times on the hard ground, and the hammer will be tightened, using the inertia of the object.
A.①② B.①③ C.②④ D.③④
19. Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a DC clock. The saying that the clock works.
What is incorrect is that
A. When the current passes through the electromagnet, the electromagnet is magnetic, and the A terminal is N-pole.
B, the electromagnet attracts the armature, and the deformation of the elastic sheet has elastic potential energy.
C. the small hammer of the bell bowl makes a sound because the bell bowl vibrates.
D when the bell jar is tapped, the electromagnet is still magnetic.
20. As shown in Figure 6, the following statement is correct (excluding air resistance) in the process of shot put from release to landing.
A. When the shot is put from point A to point B, the kinetic energy gradually increases.
The mechanical energy of shot put at point b is greater than that at point a.
C. when the shot is put from point b to point c, the mechanical energy gradually decreases.
D. the kinetic energy of shot put is the largest at point C.
2 1. Xiaoming uses two identical pulleys to form different pulley blocks (as shown in Figure 7), and lifts the same object to the same height at a uniform speed. The mechanical efficiency of pulley blocks is η 1 and η2 respectively. The following relationship
Correct (ignoring rope weight and friction)
A.f 1 & gt； F2，η 1 = η2
B.f 1 & gt； F2，η 1 & gt； η2
C.f 1 & lt； F2，η 1 = η2
D.f 1 & lt； F2，η 1 & gt； η2
22. As shown in Figure 8, the power supply voltage remains unchanged, and r 1: r2 = 1: 2. Only when S 1 is closed, the ammeter indicates 0.3 A, and the power consumed by R 1 is p1; When S2 is only turned off, the power consumed by R0 is 0.8 W, that of R2 is P2, and P 1∶P2 = 9∶8. Then the following results are correct.
A. the power supply voltage is12 v.
The resistance of B.B.R0 is 40 Ω.
The resistance of C.R2 is 20 Ω.
The ratio of power consumed twice by D.D.R0 is 3: 2.
20 10 senior high school entrance examination for junior high school graduates in Hebei province.
General nuclear division
Science comprehensive examination paper
Volume Ⅱ (multiple choice questions, ***76 points)
Note: 1. Before answering the second question, please fill in the items on the left side of the sealing line clearly.
When answering the second question, write the answer directly on the test paper with a blue or black pen or ballpoint pen.
Title number two three four
36 37 38
Take the lead
When solving problems, you can refer to the following data:
Relative atomic mass: h-1c-12o-16 na-23cl-35.5.
Scoring reviewer
Second, fill in the blanks and answer short questions (this big question is ***9 small questions; 65438 +0 points per grid, ***34 points)
23. The refrigerator has applied a lot of physical knowledge in its structure and working process (as shown in Figure 9).
(1) Question: Why use a three-pin plug?
Answer:.
(2) Question: Why use magnetic sealing strips?
Answer:.
(3) Ask a question related to the change of material state and answer it.
Question:?
Answer:.
24. Panshan Highway is a kind of deformation (fill in simple mechanical name). As shown in figure 10, when the car is driving on the AB section, due to (from the optical point of view,
Answer), the driver can't see the situation of BC section; In order to see the BC segment
Situation, people use the law to make a sharp turn on the expressway.
A convex mirror is installed at B to reduce accidents.
Xiaoming's solar collector contains 40 kilograms of water at 35℃. When the temperature rises to 45℃ by sunlight, the heat absorbed by water is J. The electric water heater also heats the same water to 45℃, marked "900 r/kW? The aluminum plate of the watt-hour meter with the word "H" turns to 450 r (only the water heater works in the circuit), and the electric energy consumed by the water heater is J. The reason why the electric energy consumed by the water heater absorbs heat more than water is that:
Just answer one. [c water = 4.2× 103 J/(kg? ℃)]
26. Read the passage and answer the questions.
Seawater utilization
More than 70% of the earth's surface is ocean, and the development and utilization of the ocean has broad prospects.
Tide is a periodic change of sea level, which fluctuates twice day and night. People build dams in estuaries or deep bays near the sea, and install hydro-generator sets in the middle of the dams. At high tide, seawater flows into the estuary through the dam to drive the hydro-generator to generate electricity; At low tide, seawater flows back to the ocean, driving the hydro-generator to generate electricity in the opposite direction. The annual output of French Langs tidal power station is 5× 108 kW? h .
The technologies of seawater desalination and direct use of seawater for industrial cooling water, such as anticorrosion of related equipment and pipelines, are relatively mature. Many industrial cooling water in some coastal countries comes from seawater.
(1) Tidal power generation is to convert energy into electric energy; Generators are made by applying phenomena.
(2) 1 ton coal can generate 2.5× 103 kW after combustion? H, Lance Power Station can save tons of coal every year.
(3) Seawater is mainly used for industrial cooling water because of its great characteristics.
The sun is a huge "nuclear stove" and a treasure house of human energy.
(1) The phenomenon that sunlight is decomposed into colored beams through a prism is called.
(2) Nuclear energy has become a conventional energy source in some developed countries. It is an energy source (choose "renewable" or "non-renewable").
(3) Solar panels are laid on the surface of the theme pavilion of the Shanghai World Expo, and electricity is transmitted back to the urban power grid through grid-connected power generation. Please write down one advantage of using solar energy.
28. The relationship between adsorption capacity of activated carbon and temperature change was studied with the device shown in figure 1 1. Adding NH _ 4NO _ 3 solid into water and stirring, it was observed that the height of liquid level rising in the glass tubes on both sides was different.
(1) Due to the pressure of the gas in the test tube (optional "increase"
"big" or "small"), so that the liquid level in the glass tube rises.
(2)NH4NO3 solid is dissolved in water (optional "release")
Or "absorb") heat.
(3) The gas adsorption capacity of activated carbon increases with the increase of temperature.
29. Chemistry is ubiquitous in production and life.
Potassium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate and alum (1) can be used as water purifying agent; It can be used as nitrogen fertilizer.
(2) The combustion conditions of coal in air are as follows. The principle of extinguishing alcohol lamp is as follows.
(3) Bicycle chains often rust; The chemical equation for rust removal with hydrochloric acid is.
30. Xiaoming will use 10% 100 g sodium hydroxide solution as "veins bookmarks". Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of his experimental operation in preparing sodium hydroxide solution.
(1) A measuring cylinder should be selected (choose "10ml", "50ml" or "100ml") to measure the required water.
(2) Point out an operation error in the figure:.
(3) Use the serial numbers shown above to indicate the operation sequence of preparing the solution.
(4) The prepared sodium hydroxide solution should be sealed and preserved, because:
.
3 1.A ~ H is a common substance in junior middle school chemistry. A and C have the same constituent elements and are both liquids at room temperature. B is a simple substance, D is a common alkali and E is a common building material. Their mutual transformation relationship is shown in figure 13 (reaction conditions and some products have been omitted).
The chemical formula of (1)C is.
(2) The valence of metal elements in E is the valence.
(3) The chemical equation of reaction ③ is.
(4) The practical application of reaction ⑤ is.
Scoring reviewer
Third, experimental inquiry questions (this big question ***4 small questions; 4 points on question 32, 6 points on question 33,
Questions 34 and 35 are 7 points, ***24 points)
32. Physics is everywhere. With a glass and enough water, design three small physical experiments and complete the form according to the project requirements.
Add one
Description or research on the main experimental processes and phenomena of this kind of equipment.
Physical problems of
1 refraction of pencil light
Syringe uses a syringe to extract half a tube of water, and closes the opening of the syringe with fingers, so the water is difficult to be compressed.
The role of pressure is related to pressure.
33. Xiaoming made his own soil densimeter to measure the density of salt water.
Experimental equipment: balance, cylindrical bamboo chopsticks, thin lead wire, beaker, water and salt water to be measured.
Experimental steps:
① A proper amount of fine lead wire is wound around one end of bamboo chopsticks to make a soil densimeter.
② Measure the length L of bamboo chopsticks with a scale.
(3) Put the soil densimeter into a beaker filled with water, and measure the bamboo chopsticks on the liquid surface with a scale after standing.
The length of h 1 (as shown in figure 14).
④ 。
Please complete the above experimental steps and answer the following questions: (ρ water = 1.0 g/cm3, f float = ρ gV row of liquid).
(1) One end of bamboo chopsticks is wrapped with lead wire.
(2) The densimeter works under certain conditions. The greater the density of the liquid to be measured, the density meter will replace the volume of the liquid (choose "smaller" or "larger").
(3) The density expression of the measured brine: ρ brine = (excluding lead wire volume)
(4) Xiao Ming calculated the density of brine as 1.05 g/cm3. Suppose the volume of brine in the beaker is 400 cm3, the density of salt is 2.6 g/cm3, and the brine contains salt g (after salt is dissolved in water, the total volume of salt and water remains unchanged. )
34. Explore the relationship between current and voltage and resistance.
What is the relationship between the current passing through a conductor and the voltage across the conductor and the resistance of the conductor?
Suppose (1) that the current passing through the conductor is proportional to the voltage across the conductor when the resistance of the conductor is constant.
② When the resistance of the conductor is constant, the current passing through the conductor is proportional to the square of the voltage across the conductor.
(3) When the voltage across the conductor is constant, the current passing through the conductor is inversely proportional to the resistance of the conductor.
The power supply of experimental equipment (constant voltage is 4.5 V), an ammeter and a voltmeter, a switch, three fixed-value resistors (5Ω,10Ω,15Ω), two sliding rheostats (20ω2a, 50Ω1a) and several wires.
Experimental process (1) According to the physical diagram shown in Figure 15, draw the circuit diagram in the dotted box.
(2) Xiao Ming connected the circuit correctly as shown in figure 15, and then turned on the switch, and found that the ammeter indicated that the voltmeter pointer was out of range. The mistake in Xiao Ming's operation is.
(3) Xiao Ming continued to do experiments after correcting his mistakes. By changing the voltage on the fixed-value resistor R, the measured values of current and voltage are shown in Table 1 By analyzing the data, we can draw a conclusion that the guess is correct.
Table 1 Table 2
Voltage u/v1.21.62.02.42.8 resistance r/ω 510/5.
Current I/A0.120.160.20 0.24 0.28 Current I/A 0.30 0. 15 0. 10.
(4) When Xiaohong explores the conjecture ③, first connect the 5 Ω resistor into the circuit, close the switch and move the slider, so that the voltmeter connected in parallel with the resistor indicates 1.5 V, and write down the current value; Then connect the resistors of10Ω and15Ω respectively, and repeat the above experiment to obtain the experimental data in Table 2. By analyzing the data, guess ③ is correct. In the experiment, Xiaohong moved the rheostat slider several times for the purpose of.
(5) When exploring the conjecture ③, Xiaohua redesigned the circuit, kept the pointer of the voltmeter at 3 V, and obtained the same data as Table 2, thus completing the experimental exploration. The difference of Obana Xiaohong's experiment is that:
.
Knowledge expansion
(1) Xiaoming chose ω resistor in the experiment.
(2) The specifications of the rheostat selected for Xiaohong experiment are as follows.
35. A class of students do experiments to verify the metal activity order of iron, copper and silver. The drugs used are iron wire, copper wire, silver wire, dilute sulfuric acid and copper sulfate solution. After the experiment, the students of the chemistry interest group want to explore the experimental waste liquid. Please join us.
Ask questions. What is the substance in the waste liquid?
Communicative expression
(1) Xiaoming thinks that the waste liquid must contain copper sulfate through observation. What he observed was that.
(2) Xiaohong thinks that the waste liquid must contain ferrous sulfate through analysis. Her basis is:
.
Guess Xiaohua thinks that the waste liquid may still contain sulfuric acid.
The experiment verified (1) that the pH value of the waste liquid measured by Xiaohua was less than 7, which proved that the waste liquid contained sulfuric acid. Determination of dissolution with pH test paper
Determination of pH value of liquid.
(2) Xiao Ming took a small amount of waste liquid and added sodium hydroxide solution to get the same conclusion. Xiaoming's experiment
The phenomenon is.
Through analysis and experiments, the students concluded that the waste liquid contained ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate and sulfuric acid.
Extended application
(1) If all solutes in the waste liquid are converted into ferrous sulfate, excessive substances should be added to the waste liquid. Write the chemical equation in this reaction process.
(2) aft that reaction is finished, filter, wherein the substance in the filter residue is, and the solute in the filtrate is ferrous sulfate.
Fourth, the calculation application problem (this big problem ***3 small questions; Item 36 is 5 points, item 37 is 7 points, item 38 is 6 points, *** 18 points. When answering, it is required to have the necessary text description, formula and calculation steps. , and only write the final grade without scoring)
Scoring reviewer
36. Soda produced by "Hou Shi Soda Process" often contains a small amount of sodium chloride. Measure sth.
According to the mass fraction of sodium carbonate in soda ash sample, Xiaoming weighed 1 1 g sample and added it into the sample.
In a beaker filled with 50 g of dilute hydrochloric acid, the reaction completely occurred, and the mass of the solution in the beaker was weighed.
It is 56.6 g, please calculate:
The mass of carbon dioxide produced after (1) reaction is g.
(2) The mass fraction of sodium carbonate in the soda ash sample. (accurate to 0. 1%)
Scoring reviewer
37. A car's "economic fuel consumption (90 km/h)8 L/ 100 km" refers to this car.
Driving at a speed of 90 km/h 100 km, consuming 8 L of fuel.
(1) As shown in figure 16, the pressure of this streamlined car on the horizontal ground when driving at high speed (select "increase", "decrease" or "unchanged"). Draw the gravity diagram on the car at point O in the picture.
(2) The automobile travels at a constant speed of 25 km along the economic fuel consumption straight line, and the automobile efficiency is 365,438+0.25%. Q: How many liters of gasoline does the car consume and the power of the car? (the calorific value of gasoline is 3.2× 107 J/L)
Scoring reviewer
38. Figure 17 is the schematic diagram of the warning water level measuring device on the lake surface. Insulation capacity of rectangular cylinder
Vertical thin metal plates are inserted into the left and right sides of equipment A and connected to the circuit, with a small piece at the bottom.
The hole is communicated with the lake water, and the bottom of the container is flush with the warning water level. As we all know, the power supply voltage is constant.
6 V, the small bulb is marked with the words "2 V 2 W" (filament resistance remains unchanged). The relationship between lake water resistance R and X between two metal plates is shown in Figure 18 (X is the reciprocal of water column height H in the container, that is). Q:
(1) Small bulb resistance.
(2) When the water level of the lake is several meters higher than the warning water level, the light bulb works normally.
(3) Replace the ammeter with a water level gauge, and whether the scale of the water level gauge is uniform.
Explain why.