To effectively prevent the occurrence and prevalence of infectious diseases, the key is to cut off the transmission chain formed by the three links of infectious diseases. To this end, we should earnestly do the following:
1. Develop good hygiene habits and improve self-prevention ability.
2. Strengthen physical exercise and enhance resistance to infectious diseases.
3. Vaccinate according to regulations to improve immunity.
4. Do a good job in environmental sanitation and eliminate pests such as mosquitoes, flies, rats and cockroaches that spread diseases.
5. Infected patients should be found, reported, diagnosed, isolated and treated early to prevent cross infection.
6. The articles and rooms contacted by infected patients are strictly disinfected.
The most efficient way to control infectious diseases is prevention and control. Because the lack of any of the three basic conditions of infectious diseases can not cause the epidemic of infectious diseases, the prevention of infectious diseases mainly focuses on these three aspects:
Controlling the source of infection: this is the most effective way to prevent infectious diseases. For infectious diseases from human sources, it is necessary to properly arrange patients or pathogen carriers in designated isolation positions in time, temporarily isolate them from the crowd, actively carry out treatment and nursing, and carry out necessary disinfection treatment on infectious secretions, excreta and utensils to prevent pathogens from spreading outward. However, if the source of infection is unknown, especially animals, it is not easy to get the exact result because it needs sufficient evidence from epidemiological causal inference and laboratory test results, especially when sudden acute infectious diseases occur, it is even more difficult to locate the source of infection in a short time. However, once the source of infection is determined, it is necessary to take effective measures to control the source of infection in time to ensure that the source of infection will not continue to spread pathogens to susceptible people.
cutting off the transmission route: cutting off the transmission route is the most direct way to prevent infectious diseases transmitted through digestive tract, blood and body fluids, insect-borne infectious diseases and parasitic diseases. The main way is to block, disinfect or cull the media. For example, food or drinking water contaminated with pathogens should be discarded or disinfected, rooms or utensils contaminated with pathogens should be fully disinfected, disposable medical supplies should be disinfected or burned in time after use, and measures should be taken to prevent mosquitoes and insects during the spread season of insect-borne infectious diseases. At the same time, it is also extremely necessary to intervene in health education for high-risk groups, such as promoting intravenous drug users to disinfect needles and educating people who will have high-risk sex about condom use.
protect susceptible population: protecting susceptible population is also an important part of infectious disease prevention, and it is often a relatively easy prevention method. For infectious diseases with preventive vaccines, it is the safest way to vaccinate susceptible people, such as planned immunization for infants after birth, and vaccination for infectious doctors, nurses, researchers engaged in infectious disease research and poultry breeding. Historically, people have successfully conquered smallpox with efficient vaccines, which proves that the protection of susceptible people plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. For infectious diseases without preventive vaccine, the susceptible population can be protected by improving nutrition, strengthening exercise and other ways to improve the body's non-specific immunity, and if necessary, the susceptible population can be temporarily isolated.
There are many factors that affect the epidemic process of infectious diseases, including natural factors and social factors, such as environment, climate, socio-economic conditions, people's living standards, population mobility, modes of transportation and so on. With the continuous improvement of biomedical level, people have more and more efficient preventive vaccines and therapeutic drugs for infectious diseases, which greatly improves the success rate of disease prevention and treatment. However, with the development of economic globalization, the emergence of large cities and the convenience of transportation, the spread of infectious diseases is becoming easier and easier. In order to better cope with infectious diseases, especially the occurrence of new infectious diseases, a relatively complete global early warning and response system for infectious diseases has been established around the world with the World Health Organization as the center. No matter in China or around the world, people's emergency plans and disposal methods for new infectious diseases have been standardized and normalized, and they can cope with emergencies with ease.