Medical and healthcare big data is the convergence and aggregation of data covering the entire life cycle of a natural person, which includes both personal health and involves pharmaceutical services, disease prevention and control, health security and food safety, health care and many other aspects.
Simply put, it is an ensemble of data related to health, medical care and individuals, not only in hospitals, in the Internet, in enterprises, hospitals exist.
At the same time, the conference also mentioned the need to utilize healthcare big data, innovative business, innovative applications, to promote the development of the medical industry.
The use of health care big data, not only to improve the health care service model, but also to the economic and social development have an important role in promoting the country's important basic strategic resources.
Where does healthcare data come from?
We can broadly categorize it into five areas.
The first comes from diagnosis and treatment data:
Data generated and recorded by the information system during patients' visits to medical institutions, medical checkups, etc.
Including electronic medical records, tests and inspections, gene sequencing, medication, medical images, etc.
The second comes from research data: drug or device research institutes, and personal health data recorded or collected by research institutes, such as clinical trials, biological samples, etc.
The second comes from research data: drug or device research institutes, and personal health data recorded or collected by research institutes. data, such as clinical trials, biospecimen libraries, etc.
The third is personal data: health data recorded by individuals on their own outside of medical institutions, such as heart rate, pulse, sleep, etc., collected by wearable devices; retrieval, consultation, query, and patient communication data recorded on Internet behaviors, etc.
The fourth is settlement data: reimbursement and circulation data stored by commercial insurers, health insurance agencies, price management agencies, etc. The reimbursement and circulation data stored by the authorities; and finally, public **** medicine: consisting of clinical guidelines, medical and health journals, medical literature, evidence-based medical data repositories and so on. This is the source of medical big data.
Healthcare data core in the medical institutions
Because the hospital data is the real disease data, other social drug purchasing data and so on with the real core healthcare core is still some distance.
And in the hospital, including nursing records, electronic medical records, medication information, disease diagnosis, etc., these data is a combination of a feature is very sensitive.
The second is real, why real? See a doctor's orders, prescriptions, medical records, etc., these medical documents can be used as legal evidence.
At the same time the quality is relatively high, in the medical information technology 20 years time of continuous accumulation and continuous improvement, the integrity and quality of the data is also constantly improving.
Industry requirements
Medical health big data according to as a new thing, there is still a lack of industry standards and industry norms. Until nearly a year, the National Health Planning Commission has issued the national hospital information technology "functional guidelines" and "construction standards and norms", which mentioned the big data platform, is the hope that hospitals must build a big data platform, the implementation of the 13th Five-Year Plan of the national big data strategy in the implementation of the contents of the content and time plan, the requirements of the three hospitals ultimately have to build the service architecture for big data and artificial intelligence technology, high efficiency and high quality of the organization of the data resources and form data productivity.
Industry status
Health big medical data **** enjoyment and application is not easy.
For hospitals, there are three forms of objectivity: "don't dare, don't want, won't".
Don't dare to do it because the data **** enjoyment, data security and these issues have not been resolved, so don't dare to do it.
No regulations, or not very clear, do not dare to do. Reluctant, because hospital rights and interests, government rights and interests, social rights and interests, not clear. There is also the fear that the data of the internal departments of the hospital will be taken away, reluctant.
Won't, because big data must have the technical support of big data, no technical support will not be able to mine and utilize the data, the same in the data **** enjoy the open process, technology, standards, mechanisms, institutional breakthroughs there are still major obstacles, resulting in the promotion of the process of the various departments will not be done, the status quo caused by the phenomenon of the "won't".
These are the status quo, but the core is data security and the inability to do safe and controllable, so that hospitals can rest assured.
Security and privacy protection
Data security challenges
Data security has not been resolved, can it be used? How do you build a security system?
First of all hospital security is constantly challenged.
I saw a news story yesterday, I don't know if you've seen it or not, that is a hospital group in Singapore, whose hospital data was hacked, including their Prime Minister's visit data is in there, very sensitive.
The hackers took it.
Why are people eyeing hospitals? It shows that hackers are still interested in medical data.
For example, ransom data, in the past, the virus rarely to hospitals, but last year when the ransom virus just broke out is to target hospitals, the United Kingdom to China have been hit, but very few Chinese hospitals have been exposed. So the security situation is rather grim.
Hospital security management
The first is physical security
The physical network of the hospital's network is divided into intranet: registration, billing, charging. One is an extranet office network, and further out is the Internet.
The whole physical is isolated, and the network is also isolated.
The second data security, mainly refers to the medical internal data, data protection using encryption, database auditing, anti-tampering and other technologies.
The third is network security, from the network point of view, the National Health Planning Commission proposed that all three hospitals in 2015 to establish the information security level three protection, and gradually realized the basic security.
The fourth privacy security, which is a new proposition, because our data is not going to privacy in plain text if we use it internally.
Those are private data?
There are no clear legal rules in the country.
We can learn from the U.S. HIPPA Act, which specifies 18 items of private data such as a person's name, social security number, license plate number, etc., or whatever can be pointed to an individual patient is considered private.
So how does data go private?
What's common now is still basic encryption.
The hospital does not need encryption internally, the so-called external is scientific research, drug research need a lot of statistical analysis need to be encrypted, we are now using MD5 encryption and other confidentiality technology, there are reversible and irreversible.
Health big data applications
To liberalize the application under the premise of security.
Borrowing from the leadership of the National Health Planning Commission's Planning and Information Department, "one point of deployment, nine points of landing". Healthcare big data also need a point of construction, nine points to be applied. From the current situation of industrial application, many companies, investment, expectations, output is not yet determined.
From the direction of application, we can be divided into: clinical decision support (AI), health insurance control and insurance development, hospital management, medical devices and new drug development, chronic diseases and health management and other directions.