learn about various disasters and disaster reduction knowledge; Listen: always pay attention to the disaster information released by the state and local governments, and don't listen to rumors; Preparation: Make all kinds of action preparations and material and technical preparations for individuals and families; Observe: pay attention to the natural variation around; Once an abnormal natural phenomenon is found, there is no need to be alarmed, but it should be reported to the relevant departments as soon as possible, and the professional departments should be asked to make judgments; Resistance: once a disaster occurs, we should carry forward the fearless spirit and organize everyone and individuals to defend themselves; Avoidance: make arrangements for individuals and families to avoid and resist disasters before disasters, and choose safe places to avoid disasters. Once disasters occur, individuals should organize everyone to avoid disasters; Interruption: In disaster relief operations, first of all, we must cut off the disaster sources such as electricity, fire and gas that can lead to secondary disasters; Rescue: We should master certain medical rescue knowledge and prepare some necessary medicines so as to help ourselves and save others in time when the medical system can't work normally during the disaster. (provided by Xie Yingqi of Yunnan Geophysical Society)
Self-rescue and mutual rescue in typhoon
1. What preparations should be made when typhoon comes?
① Modern science and technology can predict the arrival of typhoons, listen to and watch the weather forecast in time, and prepare for defense. (2) to evacuate from coastal areas and low-lying areas, as long as the ship enters the harbor to avoid the wind. (3) check whether the house is solid and safe, and if it is a dangerous old building, you should leave immediately to avoid danger. ④ Fasten objects that may be blown off by the wind, such as flowerpots, guardrails, awnings, clothes poles, outdoor antennas, etc. ⑤ Prepare proper amount of water, food, fruits and vegetables, and ensure that the food in the refrigerator is fresh. 6. Prepare candles and flashlights for use in case of power failure in the wind. ⑦ Check the gas and circuit, and pay attention to the fire source. ⑧ Glue the door and window glass with adhesive tape, and prepare plywood, plastic plates, blankets, etc. to reinforce the window. Pet-name ruby while residents are evacuated, government departments set up emergency shelters for refugees to live temporarily.
2. what should you pay attention to when walking in the street when the typhoon comes?
① Try to wear a raincoat when you go out, and don't take an umbrella. ② Try to stay away from tall trees, sheds, shelves and overhead wires. (3) don't walk under high walls, billboards and residential buildings, so as to avoid unexpected events such as heavy objects tilting or falling objects. (4) to avoid the high-rise construction site, not near the tower crane or site fence. (5) pay attention to the street water, don't walk on the edge of the road or vortex, so as not to fall into the CMC. ⑥ When it is difficult to walk due to strong wind, you can take shelter in public places such as shops and restaurants nearby. ⑦ When you see inclined and fallen poles and other transmission facilities, you should go far away to avoid electric shock.
3. what should I do if I am accidentally involved in the sea during the typhoon?
① keeping calm is the most important thing. Grab any floating wood, furniture and other items around you desperately. ② Take a deep breath before falling into the water, bite the bullet when sinking, and let the natural buoyancy make you float to the surface. Then, with the help of the wave momentum, keep kicking, try to float on the wave and rush forward, and strive to swim to the shore. (3) when the waves arrive, straighten your body, raise your head, keep your chin straight, make sure your mouth is exposed on the water, put your arms forward or back flat, and keep your body surfing; After the wave, swim forward while treading water, and observe the movement of the latter wave. (4) when a big wave approaches, you can bend down and dive into the bottom of the sea, stick your hands in the sand to stabilize your body, and then emerge from the water after the sea surge.
4. what should I do if I am forced to transfer in the water before I get stuck on the cliff?
① Before going into the water, try to find the nearest next shelter, and don't act in a hurry. ② Keep a set of dry clothes and a pair of shoes for replacement after landing. (3) find a rope, or make a rope with torn towels, shirts or belts, and make it have enough length to swim back and forth between rocks. (4) people with good water quality should go into the water first. When they go into the water, they should tie the rope around their waist and tie it with a knot. The person who puts the rope should stand at a fixed rock to prevent it from being taken away by the person who goes into the water in case of an accident. ⑤ After the diver arrives at a safe place, he will fix himself somewhere and give the rope to the next person. ⑥ If you are forced to dive, keep your body vertical, keep your feet together, stretch your back, and protect your crotch with both hands. Immediately after entering the water, slide back and forth with open arms and legs to reduce the speed to the surface.
Self-rescue and mutual rescue in flood
1. What are the temporary lifesaving articles when the flood comes?
① first, select large containers, such as oil drums and water storage buckets. After the original liquid is quickly poured out, the cover is tightly sealed again. ② Empty beverage bottles, wooden wine barrels or plastic barrels all have a certain floating force and can be bundled together for emergency. Football, basketball and volleyball have good buoyancy. ④ Trees, tables, chairs, benches, boxes and other wooden furniture have floating force.
2. what materials should be prepared when the flood is coming?
① prepare a radio to listen to and know all kinds of relevant information at any time. ② Prepare plenty of drinking water, canned fruit juice and foods with long shelf life, and bind them and seal them to prevent mildew and deterioration. ③ Prepare warm clothes and medicines for treating colds, dysentery and skin infections. ④ Prepare articles that can be used for communication, such as flashlights, candles, lighters, etc., and prepare brightly colored clothes, flags, whistles, etc. for use as signals when necessary. ⑤ Fill up the car with oil to ensure that it can start at any time.
3. What are the daily preventive measures for residents vulnerable to floods?
① Pay attention to learn more knowledge about disaster prevention and reduction in peacetime, and form a scientific living habit of paying attention to weather forecast in flood season, so as to keep abreast of weather changes, make good preparations for family protection and ensure safety. ② Pay close attention to flood information in flood season, obey the unified arrangement of flood control headquarters and take refuge in time. ③ Residents in low-lying areas should prepare sandbags, water retaining boards and other items, or build waterproof thresholds and set up water retaining dams to prevent floods from entering the house. ④ Keep items such as boats, wooden valves and life jackets that can escape safely at home, and check whether they can be used at any time before the flood season.
4. how to prevent the flood from flooding into the room?
① The doorsill and window of the house are the water inlet parts. Use sandbags and soil bags to build a defense line at the threshold and window. ② Seal all the gaps between doors and windows with tape paper, and you can seal several more layers. ③ Rats' caves, drainage holes and other places where water may enter should be blocked. A truly sealed building will not get water.
5. how to make a floating raft to escape?
① wooden pots, wooden furniture, wooden blocks and floating materials can be collected and tied together with ropes to be processed into life-saving equipment for urgent need. (2) there is no ready-made rope, sheets, curtains, clothes, etc. can be torn into strips. Sweet potato vines and vines can be used as ropes. (3) Foam boards, wooden boards and other floating rafts with small areas can be tied up with backpacks to increase the floating force. (4) The scattered straws, branches, bamboo poles, wooden poles, etc. can be connected in series by weaving mats to make rafts.
6. what should I do if the flood strikes and it is too late to move?
① move to high places. Such as building a temporary tent on the roof with a solid foundation. (2) in a dangerous house, to evacuate quickly, looking for a safe and solid place, to avoid falling into the water. (3) unless the water is forced to evacuate when the building may be washed away or the water surface does not pass the roof, stay still until the water stops rising. (4) making rafts and other escape articles. Use communication facilities to contact rescue. Eye glasses and mirrors can be used to reflect light under the sunlight to send out distress signals. ⑤ At night, use flashlights and firelight to send out distress signals. ⑥ When rescuers are found, they should wave bright clothes, red scarves and other items in time to send rescue signals.
7. what should people do if they fall into the water?
① in case you fall into the water, hold your breath and hold your nose to avoid choking, and try to stand up. (2) if the water is too deep to stand up and swim to the shore quickly, step on the water to help swim. Grab anything floating around you. If you can swim, swim to the nearest shore that is easy to land. If you can't swim, don't panic. You can act in the following two ways: First, face up, head back, feet alternately step down on the water, palm the water, let your mouth out of the water, and inhale hard immediately after exhaling; The second is to quickly observe whether there is a fixed object exposed to the water and move closer to it.
8. what should I do if I drift in the flood?
① Many people fall into the water at the same time, so they can hold hands and use the restraining force to resist the flood. ② When falling into the water, you should take off your shoes in time, reduce the resistance, put your head out of the water and adjust your breathing. (3) when the waves are high and the water is urgent, don't struggle unnecessarily when you are floating, and save your physical strength as much as possible. (4) timely avoid vortex and stones entrained in the water and other heavy objects that may endanger the body. ⑤ Find and catch floating wooden poles, firewood straws and furniture as life-saving articles. ⑥ Find trees, dams, banks and other highlands and try to lean on them.
9. what should I do in the wild when the rainstorm strikes?
① when it rains heavily, don't walk or stay in rivers, valleys and depressions, because this is often the place where the flood reaches the earliest. ② Never climb a telephone pole to avoid electric shock. (3) to quickly run to high slopes and heights, or climb to the tree, if it is too late, you should immediately use a belt to fix yourself on the trunk or hold the tree, so as not to be washed away by the flood when you are exhausted.
1. what should I do if I am trapped in a building by flood?
① when you are trapped, you should pay attention to whether the house is likely to collapse due to flooding. If it may collapse, move to a safe place immediately. (2) when hunger and thirst occur, young people with good water and good health should be selected and returned to their homes to get food and clean drinking water. (3) take good care of communication tools and contact the rescue department in time to get help. (4) Use fire, smoke, shouting and waving bright clothes for help, so that search and rescue personnel can find out and get assistance.
11. what should I do if I am trapped in an "island" when the flood comes?
① when you are trapped on the highland, hillside, cofferdam, dam ridge or roof, you should observe whether the flood is still rising, whether your position is in danger of being washed over and soaked, and if so, you should move to a safe place. (2) When transferring, you should prepare ropes, or you can find sheets, clothes, etc. to make ropes and fix them in a solid place, so as to successfully transfer them by using ropes. (3) when trapped, young people who are good at water should return to their homes to retrieve food. ④ When rescue workers such as boats, boats and planes are found, they should wave bright clothes and red scarves; At night, light a fire or light a flashlight, lighter, etc. and send a distress signal.
12. what should I do in the face of rising floods?
① in the ground floor or low place, you should move to the high and high places layer by layer with the rising flood. (2) When it is no longer possible to move to a higher place, we should carefully observe and judge whether the water potential continues to rise; Whether the rising flood is life-threatening; Whether there is a safer place nearby; Whether it can arrive safely. (3) must be transferred, be sure to work out a strict, safe and feasible plan.
13. When the flood comes, where are the dangerous areas in the city?
① in and around dangerous houses; (2) dangerous wall and high wall; ③ Flooded sewers; (4) the drainage wells on both sides of the road are connected to the manhole; (5) around telephone poles and high-voltage towers; ⑥ Chemical plants and warehouses for storing dangerous goods.
14. what should I do when it rains heavily?
if the rainstorm continues, you should prepare for flood control in advance.
① low-lying residential areas and commercial areas can be enclosed. If sandbags, straw bags and baffles are used to block the entrance and other water intakes, rainwater can be effectively prevented from entering the building. (2) don't throw garbage, sundries, etc. into the sewer to prevent poor drainage after blockage. (3) once the house is flooded, immediately cut off the power supply and air supply. (4) try not to go out during the rainstorm. If you have to go out, you should avoid places with serious water accumulation. It's best to walk in the middle, because the manhole is usually located on the side of the road.
15. what should I do if I am outdoors in a rainstorm?
① whether you are in a dangerous building, under a dangerous wall or on a dangerous bridge, you must move it in time. (2) don't stay in the river bank and reservoir dam for a long time, so as not to flood the dam. ③ You can't stay at the foot of the mountain or on the hillside for a long time, because heavy rain is easy to cause flash floods, mudslides and landslides. (4) heavy rain is easy to cause cave collapse, so don't take shelter in the cave.
Self-rescue and mutual rescue in case of landslide
1. How to escape in case of landslide?
① In case of landslide, you can hide under solid obstacles, or squat in the sill or trench. ② Pay attention to protect your head, and wrap it with clothes around you.
2. when is the landslide most likely to occur?
① after a heavy rain or in continuous rainy weather. (2) all kinds of building construction and during the earthquake. (3) every spring snow melting period.
3. how to avoid landslides when traveling abroad?
① when traveling, be sure to stay away from landslide-prone areas. ② It should pass through the areas prone to landslides in the season with the least possibility of landslides.
4. how to avoid landslides when camping?
① avoid steep cliffs and ravines when camping. ② Avoid the hillside with sparse vegetation when camping. (3) Very wet hillsides are also areas where landslides may occur.
5. how to choose a house in an area prone to landslides?
① check whether there are cracks on the wall of the basement of the house. ② Observe whether the telephone poles around the house are inclined to one side. ③ Whether the asphalt road near the house has been deformed.
6. after the landslide, how to face the intact houses?
Before moving in again, check whether the water, electricity, gas and other facilities in the house are damaged; Whether pipes, wires, etc. are cracked or broken, and if there is any fault, you should call for repair immediately.
7. what should I do if I am on the landslide mountain when the landslide occurs?
① escape in the direction perpendicular to the landslide, and find a safe zone around as soon as possible. (2) when you can't continue to escape, you should quickly embrace the trees and other fixed objects around you.
8. What should I pay attention to when rescuing people and things buried by landslides?
① drain the water at the rear edge of the landslide. ② Excavate from the side of landslide. (3) save people first, then save things.
Self-rescue and mutual rescue in case of debris flow
1. How to escape when debris flow comes?
① immediately run to the heights on both sides of the river bed. (2) Climb to the heights of the slopes on both sides perpendicular to the debris flow. (3) when there is no time to run, hold the trees on the river bank.
2. where can I avoid the debris flow?
① a safe highland far away from the debris flow. (2) the hillside heights on both sides of the valley. ③ Height on both banks of the river bed.
3. how to prevent encountering mudslides in the wild?
① don't stay too long when grazing or working in the valley on rainy days. (2) once you hear the continuous thunderous noise, you should immediately move to the slopes on both sides. (3) when crossing the valley, you should observe it first and make sure it is safe before crossing the valley. (4) to understand and master the local meteorological trends and disaster prediction before going to the wild to play or work.
how to save oneself and each other in the event of an earthquake
1. How do high-rise residents choose a safe earthquake-proof space in the event of an earthquake?
① immediately hide under a sturdy table or bed, and a triangular space can be formed by furniture, wall roots, corners, etc. after the house collapses, which is a relatively safe place. (2) quickly fled into the bathroom, storage room and other smaller places, these small studio places are safer places.
2. How do people who live in bungalows avoid danger in case of earthquake?
① If an earthquake occurs, you should immediately hide indoors at the edge of the kang, under the wall, under the table and under the bed. (2) if you are at the door, window, and there are no other dangerous buildings outside the window, you can immediately flee to the open space in the middle of the yard. ③ Try to protect your head with things around you, such as quilts and pillows.
3. what if there is no furniture to hide in the room?
① when an earthquake occurs, if there is no furniture to hide indoors, you should immediately hide in the wall, corner or