The scariest thing about high reflexes is that you don’t understand it!
Once you understand it, you will find out
Altitude sickness is not as scary as you think
But we must know how to prevent and respond to emergencies
About Those things about high anti-religious activities
It’s enough to read this article!
What is altitude sickness?
Altitude sickness is a natural physiological reaction that occurs when a person reaches a certain altitude and the body adapts to changes in air pressure, low oxygen content, dry air, etc. caused by altitude. Simply put, the body's adaptation process to a hypoxic environment is called altitude sickness.
Altitude sickness generally occurs when the altitude reaches about 2,700 meters. Some data show that if you quickly reach an area with an altitude of more than 3,500 meters (for example: Lhasa), up to 75% of people will suffer from or mild symptoms of altitude sickness. Or severe altitude sickness.
What are the symptoms of altitude sickness?
Symptoms of altitude sickness generally include: headache, dizziness, shortness of breath, chest tightness, insomnia, vomiting, purple lips, loss of appetite, and general weakness , muscle soreness, etc.
High altitude pulmonary edema or cerebral edema are extremely serious forms of mountain sickness, and their accompanying symptoms are often fatal (the incidence is relatively low, but it should not be underestimated). Symptoms include continuous dry cough, pink frothy sputum with blood streaks, severe headache for a long time, confusion, amnesia, hallucinations, coma, etc.
Many people generally believe that taking a train into Tibet will involve a process from low to high altitude, which will allow you to adapt to the plateau environment more quickly. But in fact, starting from Golmud Station, all train carriages entering Tibet are provided with diffuse oxygen. In addition, the carriages are in a relatively closed environment with poor air. In addition, the train ride takes a long time and the carriages are densely packed with people. You often don’t get a good rest, so choosing a train to enter Tibet will not speed up your adaptation to the plateau environment.
Taking a plane into Tibet to quickly go directly from a low altitude to a high altitude area is more likely to cause obvious symptoms of altitude sickness, but compared to taking a train, you can leave more time to rest and adapt in Lhasa. Some people may not feel any obvious symptoms of hypersensitivity right after they get off the plane because the oxygen carried by the blood and cells has not yet been consumed in large quantities. However, they often feel more obvious symptoms of hypersensitivity at night. But don’t be too nervous. These are normal phenomena. Make sure you get enough rest and you will adapt quickly.
Anyone who enters a plateau area is likely to suffer from altitude sickness, and it has nothing to do with age, gender, or physical strength. For a long time, many people have had misunderstandings about altitude sickness. Some people believe that people who are strong or exercise regularly consume more oxygen, so altitude sickness is more severe. Some people believe that you should exercise more before entering Tibet, while others believe that you should stop exercising. In fact, these statements have no scientific basis. Whether you have high reflexes or not depends on the innate oxygen-carrying capacity of cells, and has no inevitable connection with the quality of your body.
Many people use oxygen to relieve discomfort. Oxygen inhalation can temporarily relieve symptoms such as chest tightness, shortness of breath, and dyspnea. However, after stopping oxygen inhalation, the symptoms will reappear, delaying the time for the body to adapt to the plateau. If the above symptoms are not serious, it is recommended not to inhale oxygen, which can help the body adapt to the plateau environment faster. Mild altitude sickness will heal on its own without treatment. Do not take oxygen frequently to avoid becoming dependent. If the symptoms of hyperthyroidism are severe, you can also rent a medical oxygen bottle, start inhaling oxygen before going to bed, and open the flow valve to the lowest level to relieve the symptoms of hyperreflux.
Precautions for dealing with altitude sickness
Maintaining a good attitude is crucial to resisting altitude sickness. Some symptoms of altitude sickness may be caused by psychological effects, such as fear of altitude. The probability of developing obvious symptoms of altitude sickness is high. Children's adaptation process to altitude sickness is often shorter than that of some adults, precisely because children do not understand what altitude sickness is and have no psychological burden.
Generally, the altitude sickness symptoms of people with strong adaptability will disappear within 1-2 days, while those with weak adaptability will take 3-5 days.
It is recommended that when you first arrive in a plateau area, you should not walk quickly, let alone run or do strenuous physical labor; keep warm and do not bathe frequently to avoid colds caused by colds. Colds are often the main cause of acute high altitude pulmonary edema; Couples traveling together should take a break from sex.
Drink an appropriate amount of water to keep your body well hydrated; do not overeat to avoid aggravating the burden on your digestive organs; do not drink and smoke, and eat more vitamin-rich foods such as vegetables and fruits. Butter tea can also help you relieve pain. Altitude sickness.
People who are not suitable for traveling to plateau areas
Patients with severe anemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are not suitable for traveling to plateau areas.
For patients with severe colds, it is recommended to cure their colds before traveling to Tibet. Because cold patients' own body functions are destroyed, disease resistance is weakened, and their own resistance load is increased. Taking a severe cold into Tibet can easily lead to other altitude sickness, especially pulmonary edema. If not treated in time, it is easy to be life-threatening. .
Generally speaking, catching a cold in Tibet is not a big problem, because it has already had a certain degree of adaptability and resistance at the plateau, and the body has basically adjusted. It only needs timely treatment, and Tibetan doctors treat it. Colds are very experienced. Carry some cold medicine with you. Once you have symptoms of a cold, take some common cold medicines by yourself. The symptoms will usually disappear in 1-2 days. If possible, you should conduct a cardiopulmonary examination before entering Tibet.
Drugs for treating altitude sickness
People often use Rhodiola rosea preparations as drugs to prevent and alleviate altitude sickness. In fact, if only taken within a short period of time, Rhodiola rosea preparations are very effective in preventing and treating altitude sickness. The effect of the reaction is very limited. Akafol powder, Jiabaifuning, Fenbid or Sanlitong can effectively relieve headache symptoms caused by altitude sickness; inosine oral liquid is a more effective drug for relieving altitude sickness; taking American ginseng lozenges and glucose oral liquid can relieve the symptoms of altitude sickness. It helps with fatigue caused by altitude. You can also buy a drug called Gaoyuankang in Lhasa, which is a relatively good drug against acute mountain sickness. However, this drug has certain side effects. It is recommended to use it according to the instructions.
The above is for reference only. Please follow your doctor’s advice when taking medicine
First aid for pulmonary edema and cerebral edema
The main symptoms of pulmonary edema: severe headache, chest tightness, Extreme difficulty breathing, unable to lie down, paroxysmal cough, accompanied by pink frothy sputum with blood streaks.
The main symptoms of cerebral edema: movement disorder, which is caused by the inability of the brain to work normally and affecting the coordination of the limbs. In order to test whether there is any movement imbalance, place one heel close to the toe of the other and "measure" it step by step. Under normal circumstances, the movement should be smooth. In severe cases, patients may have difficulty performing small movements such as tying shoelaces or even holding a water glass. Changes in mental state: such as amnesia, hallucinations, even semi-coma, and stupor. You can test it by repeating a paragraph and doing some simple calculations.
If the above symptoms occur, you must go to the hospital for treatment as soon as possible. Now the medical conditions in Tibet have been greatly improved, and there are hospitals or health clinics in urban areas. If the condition persists, leave the plateau as soon as possible. There are flights in and out of Lhasa every day, so you can leave by flight. Generally, altitude sickness will disappear without a trace as soon as you leave the plateau, without any sequelae. If you are in the wild where medical conditions are not available, it is best to descend to a lower altitude as soon as possible. Do not stay where you are and wait for rescue.
First aid method for pulmonary edema: Let the patient rest in a sitting or semi-recumbent position with his legs hanging down, and immediately inhale sufficient oxygen, preferably oxygen containing 50-70 alcohol, with a flow rate of 4-8 liters/min; Immediately take furosemide (furosemide) 40 mg/day orally. Be careful not to use too much at the beginning. Depending on the situation, it can be increased to 80 mg, 2 times/day. Nifedipine 10 mg bucally and dexamethasone 4 mg (orally only once). Keep warm and avoid drinking a lot of water.
First aid method for cerebral edema: If you are in the wild, the best thing you can do is to reduce the body's metabolism, especially the brain's metabolism.
There is a lot of ice and snow in plateau areas. Use a scarf or hat to wrap the ice and snow to make a simple ice cap. This can lower the temperature of the brain, just like hibernation. The metabolism of brain cells will decrease and the rate of edema will also decrease. Move the patient carefully. When moving, be sure to raise your head and feet at the same time and avoid dragging. The dehydration drug for cerebral edema is generally mannitol. In acute and severe patients, mannitol can be injected intravenously. If mannitol is not available, subcutaneous injection of glucocorticoid (dexamethasone) can also be used.
Although high altitude pulmonary edema and high altitude cerebral edema are extremely rare, they are acute mountain sickness that can be fatal. Learning simple judgment and first aid methods can save lives in emergencies!
Prevention of altitude sickness
1. Maintain a good attitude.
If you are too nervous, worry unnecessarily, overthink, panic at the slightest discomfort, and give yourself negative psychological hints, it will worsen the physical discomfort and prolong the relief time. In fact, many altitude sickness symptoms are related to psychological effects. Don't be too excited or impulsive. Friends who are new to the plateau should avoid getting excited, shouting, running and jumping when they see the plateau or snow-capped mountains. This will only lead to endocrine imbalance, increase the burden on the heart and lungs, and aggravate altitude sickness.
2. Drink enough water.
During high-altitude activities, drinking enough water can help you maintain body balance, smooth blood circulation, enhance oxygen supply, reduce the burden on the heart and lungs, and quickly eliminate toxins, thereby adapting to high altitude in a short period of time. Environment, get rid of the pain of altitude sickness, and restore good condition and physical fitness. Generally speaking, you should drink at least 2-35 liters of water every day at high altitudes. Whether the water replenishment is reasonable can be judged by whether the urine output is sufficient and whether the urine is clear or at least light yellow. In addition to boiled water, you can also add glucose, American ginseng slices, isatis root granules, Guozhen, etc. to the water to supplement energy, enhance the ability to resist diseases, and prevent colds.
3. Pay attention to keeping warm and cold.
The weather characteristics of the plateau are: low temperature. Generally, the temperature drops by 5-6℃ for every 1000 meters of altitude increase; the temperature difference between morning and evening, day and night is large, and the weather changes rapidly. The sun was shining just now, but it may soon become violent. Heavy rain, thunder and hail. Therefore, you must pay attention to keeping warm and cold on the plateau. Be sure to bring enough cold-proof clothing and change clothes frequently. You must add or remove clothes in a timely manner to ensure that you should be warm and not cold. Also pay attention to bathing and washing your hair as little as possible. When people are at high altitudes, their body functions are out of balance and their resistance is reduced, making them extremely vulnerable to diseases. You must not take a bath in the first few days on the plateau. If you have symptoms of high altitude sickness, you must not take a shower during the high altitude period. Pulmonary edema and cerebral edema can kill people.
4. Eat a reasonable diet.
In the hypoxic environment of the plateau, human metabolism is affected, and the function of the digestive system is weaker than in plain areas. However, the energy and vitamins consumed by the human body in plateau areas are greatly increased than in plain areas. Therefore, in terms of diet arrangement, eat more easily digestible food and less greasy food. It is not advisable to overeat. It is necessary to increase the proportion of carbohydrates (should account for more than 60%) and high plant protein, and increase the intake of various vitamins. In order to quickly provide heat and improve the body's adaptability.
5. Arrange your itinerary reasonably.
When going to a plateau for the first time, it is best to take a train. This way, you can slowly adapt from low altitude to high altitude and it will not be easy to get altitude sickness. If you are flying, it is recommended that the itinerary is from "hidden in the front" to "hidden in the back". The Lhasa and Shannan areas are called "Front Tibet", the Shigatse area is called "Back Tibet", and the entire northern Tibetan plateau is called "Ngari". The tunnel between the front Tibet and the back Tibet is the Nimu Canyon in the middle reaches of the Yajiang River. Linzhi belongs to Qianzang. Its altitude is only more than 2,000 meters. Linzhi is known as the Little Jiangnan of Tibet. The scenery is also very good. You can spend two or three days in Linzhi and then go to Lhasa (3,650 meters above sea level) and other places. It can avoid going directly to high-altitude areas and causing sudden discomfort and high reaction.
6. Go to bed late and get up early.
Nights on the plateau are often more difficult than during the day. The oxygen content in the air at night is lower. After the human body enters sleep, it is not able to actively adjust breathing to relieve hypoxia as it can during the day. Breathing will Gradually drops to a frequency close to the plain level, causing hypoxia and affecting sleep quality. A better way is to delay going to bed for about an hour based on your usual sleeping habits. On the premise of protecting yourself from the cold and keeping warm, the room or tent must ensure good ventilation. The windows of the room can be opened appropriately, and the vents of the tent should be fully opened, and zippers should be left open if necessary. The air on the plateau is inherently thin. If you are in a closed environment and breathe a fixed volume of air, it is more likely to cause headaches and other discomforts.
7. Necessary drug-assisted treatment.
Friends who are new to the plateau can start taking Gaoyuanan or Rhodiola rosea 1-3 days before entering the high altitude area; be careful to avoid catching a cold, because even a mild respiratory infection will increase the risk of Risk of developing high altitude pulmonary edema. Once you notice the first symptoms of a cold, you should take anti-cold medicines immediately. If you wait until symptoms arise before taking it, it will generally be ineffective. When altitude sickness causes headaches, you can use pain-relieving tablets such as Jiabaifuning. When the reaction is severe, it is recommended to go to a nearby hospital. It is also recommended that friends with slightly severe reactions try not to inhale oxygen and try to rely on themselves to adapt as long as there is no danger and they can tolerate it. Once you get hooked on it, the dependence is really strong, and I'm afraid it will be difficult for you to leave it on the plateau in the future.
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