The world will be shaken by the magnetic levitation train project in Shanghai, China, and the "magnetic levitation speed" will rewrite the new speed of human ground travel, and the history of the world's transportation development will also open up the invention of the steam engine by Watt and the invention of the airplane by the Wright Brothers since the invention of a brand-new page.
The Roof of the World's Brilliant Crossing--Written on the Occasion of the Paving of Qinghai-Tibet Railway
October 12, 2005, is destined to leave a colorful mark on the world's railroad history: the world's highest altitude, longest line of the plateau permafrost railroad --- the Qinghai-Tibet Railway track laying all the way through the railroad. --On October 15, the first batch of aid materials for Tibet arrived in Lhasa through the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. This marks the official end of Tibet's history of not being able to access the railroad, and also marks that all provinces, cities and districts in China are all connected to the railroad.
Breaking through the permafrost problem, overcoming the lack of oxygen on the plateau, and protecting the fragile ecology
Railway construction problems cracked
The construction of the railroad into Tibet is the dream of several generations of Chinese people. Since the founding of New China, the Party Central Committee and the State Council have been caring for the construction of the Tibet Railway. 1984, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway section from Xining to Golmud was officially operated. June 29, 2001, the 1,142-kilometer-long Qinghai-Tibet Railway section from Golmud to Lhasa officially started construction.
Landslides, earthquakes, wind and sandstorms, thunder and lightning, strong sunshine and mudslides. In addition to these frequent natural disasters, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway project is faced with the "frozen soil, high cold and lack of oxygen, ecological fragility" three major world railroad construction problems. 4 years, more than 100,000 road building army to carry forward the "challenge the limits of the spirit of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the courage to create a first-class", in the snow-covered plateau to create a new railroad, and the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a great success.
In the past four years, more than 100,000 road construction troops have been carrying forward the spirit of "challenging the limit and creating the first-class" of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, creating one miracle after another in the snowy plateau.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has to cross 550 kilometers of continuous permafrost area, in addition to some island permafrost, deep-season permafrost, swampy wetlands and slope wetlands, which is the biggest difficulty in the construction of the project. 200 scientific researchers and engineers have jointly attacked the problem, and successively gnawed down the perennial permafrost tunnels, bridges, roadbed construction and application of a number of world problems, and a number of permafrost engineering measures are pioneered at home and abroad, making the Qinghai-Tibet Railway the first to be built in China. Many permafrost engineering measures are the first of their kind at home and abroad, making the Qinghai-Tibet Railway a "world museum of permafrost engineering".
The ice layer of the wind volcano is more than 150 meters thick. Before the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway began, some western media predicted that the Qinghai-Tibet Railway would not be able to cross the wind volcano at all.
The China Railway Bureau, which is responsible for the construction of the railway, cooperated with a number of scientific research units and successively overcame a number of world-wide highland permafrost construction problems. 2002 October, the Wind Volcano Tunnel was successfully opened.
The whole Qinghai-Tibet Railway is at an altitude of more than 3,000 meters above sea level, of which there are 960 kilometers at an altitude of more than 4,000 meters above sea level, with the highest point reaching 5,072 meters, the annual average temperature is below 0 degrees Celsius, and the extreme minimum temperature is minus 45 degrees Celsius, and the oxygen content of the air is only half of that of the mainland, and the constructors may suffer from life-threatening plateau diseases such as pulmonary edema and cerebral edema at any time.
In order to protect the health of the builders, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Construction Headquarters insisted on the health protection first, in the past, the common construction site "not afraid of suffering, not afraid of death" and other lofty words, was "people-oriented, health protection" replaced. Three-level medical institutions have been established along the line, and workers can be sent to the construction site hospital for treatment within half an hour when they are sick. Along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, there are 17 large-scale oxygen stations, and each worker is obliged to inhale oxygen for no less than 2 hours a day on average. In the more than four years of construction since the start of the project, no one has died of altitude sickness.
The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has many varieties of rare animals, large populations and a fragile ecological environment. The total investment in the Golmud-Lhasa section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway amounted to 33.09 billion yuan, of which the investment for environmental protection amounted to more than 1.2 billion yuan. The command department also implemented the environmental protection supervision system for the first time in China's large-scale projects, and entrusted a third party to monitor the environmental protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway throughout the whole project. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has become a model of environmental protection for China's key projects: the first time the environmental protection responsibility book was signed with the provinces and regions through which the railroad passes; the first time a migratory channel was built for wild animals; the first time turf was successfully planted and transplanted at high altitude ......
Reducing transportation costs, expanding external exchanges, and changing the structure of consumption
Plateau development Opportunity once in a lifetime
First time in Tibet, there will be a **** the same feeling: high prices. According to the investigation of the relevant departments of Tibet, in Lhasa, a ton of coal 700 yuan, a ton of cement 800 yuan, 100 yuan of the actual purchasing power of the yuan equivalent to the coastal areas of 54 yuan. The reason for this is mainly that Tibet's own production capacity is relatively low, and the road-based mode of transportation has increased the transportation costs of materials to and from Tibet and the economic expenditures of people going in and out of Tibet.
The inconvenience of transportation has increasingly become a bottleneck for Tibet's reform, opening up and economic development. Tourism, mining, Tibetan medicine industry, agricultural and livestock products processing, national handicrafts and other plateau characteristics of the development of industry, are constrained because of the traffic.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway from Xining to Golmud section since the operation, become the development of Qinghai's ChaiDaMu Basin and promote the economic development of the two provinces and regions of Qinghai and Tibet, the main road of transportation. The new city of Gobi, Golmud, has developed into a modern city from the former Gobi wasteland.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway runs through the two provinces of Qinghai and Tibet, and is a strategically important channel linking Qinghai and Tibet with the mainland, and is also an important part of the road network skeleton in the western hinterland. The passage of Qinghai-Tibet railroad will provide a wide space for the economic development of Qinghai, Tibet and the two provinces and regions, and fundamentally improve the transportation facilities of Tibet, so that Tibet can form the three-dimensional transportation of railroad, highway and aviation, completely solve the problem of the difficulty of the materials and personnel entering and exiting the country, and accelerate the reasonable adjustment of the industrial structure, and gradually form its own blood-forming function of the economy.
Tandem plateau landscape, show charming charm, attract the world's attention
Golden tourism line out
Blue sky and white clouds, snow-capped mountains and canyons, folk customs, religious monasteries ...... mysterious Tibetan Plateau with its great charm, has been attracting Chinese and foreign tourists. Since 1980, the number of tourists visiting Tibet has increased at an average annual rate of 27.6%, and tourism revenue has increased at an average annual rate of 34%, both of which are significantly higher than the national average.
Tibet has taken the tourism industry as the first of the characteristic economy, however, the closed transportation has restricted the growth of this industry. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway will not only provide passengers with lower fares, but will also link the three cities of Xining, Golmud and Lhasa into a whole, forming the Golmud Tourism Circle and the Lhasa Tourism Circle.
The completed Qinghai-Tibet Railway will remain open to traffic around the clock and use an infrared monitoring system. Trains will be able to reach speeds of up to 120 kilometers per hour in general sections and 100 kilometers per hour in tundra sections. This means it will take no more than 12 hours to travel from Golmud to Lhasa.
According to reports, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway train is divided into two kinds of ordinary coaches and sightseeing trains, the former to transport passengers, the latter also has a tourism function, each to a resort can be parked and sightseeing, the sightseeing train is expected to have an annual capacity of 900,000 passengers. At that time, tourists will sit in the carriages with oxygen supply function, enjoy food and drink, ethnic flavor performance and other services, and browse the beautiful scenery outside the window. This will undoubtedly lead to a big increase in the number of travelers to Tibet and promote the prosperous development of Tibet's tourism industry.
Faced with the new situation, Tibet has put forward the strategy of leapfrog development. The opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will undoubtedly enable Tibet to ride on the express train of the times and head for a better tomorrow.
Zhan Tianyou, word眷诚, jiangxi wuyuan people. 1861 (qing xianfeng eleven years) was born in an ordinary tea merchant family. As a child, Zhan Tianyou was very interested in machines, often with neighborhood children, with clay imitation do all kinds of machine models. Sometimes, he also secretly took apart the family's self-tuning clock, fiddled with and touched the components inside, and raised some questions that even adults could not answer. 1872, at the age of twelve, Zhan Tianyou went to Hong Kong to apply for the "young children to go to the United States to prepare for the class" organized by the Qing government. After he was accepted, his father put his signature on a certificate stating, "In case of illness, life or death, let us all be at peace with God's will". From then on, he left his parents and came to the U.S. to study in the U.S. with the ideal of learning Western "skills".
In the U.S., the students of the overseas preparatory class, witnessed the great achievements of science and technology in North America and Western Europe, and marveled at the rapid development of machines, trains, ships and telecommunications manufacturing. Some students were pessimistic about China's future, but Zhan Tianyou said with firm conviction, "In the future, China will also have trains and ships." With the conviction of studying hard for the prosperity of the motherland, he studied hard and graduated with honors from New Haven in 1867. In May of the same year, he was admitted to the Department of Civil Engineering at Yale University, specializing in railroad engineering. In the four years of the university, Zhan studied hard and ranked first in the graduation examination with outstanding results. 1881, among the 120 Chinese students who returned to China, only two of them got the degree, and Zhan was one of them
◆Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway, Urumqi and Alashankou
Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway, Urumqi and Alashankou, the whole length of 467 kilometers, is connected with the former Soviet Union Railway, the road had been connected with the 1951-1953 railroad. It is 467 kilometers long. The construction of the road started in 1958, stopped in 1961, resumed in 1985, and was completed in September 1990.
◆Gunshi Railway
Gunshi Railway is 308 kilometers long from Chengjiazhuang of Beijing-Shanghai Railway to Shishoushou Port of Yellow Sea, which is a channel for Shanxi and Shandong coal to go out to the sea, and it was started in 1981 and put into operation in 1985.
◆Beijing-Qin Railway
Surprisingly, the railroad is 290 kilometers long from Shuangqiao of Beijing Junction to Qinhuangdao, which is an important corridor for the northern route of Jin coal outbound transportation, and is also the first newly-built double-line electrified railroad in China, and the first time to adopt AT power supply method. The 155 kilometers of the Beijing end of the line is the second line added to the Tongtuo line built in 1975, and the rest is newly built. The Beijing-Qinshan Railway started construction in September 1981, opened to traffic in 1984, operated in 1985, and completed in 1986 with a fiber-optic digital communication system. Right: Electric locomotives hauling a coal train.
Respondent: screw break - Magic Apprentice Level 1 3-6 21:44
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China's new railroad construction Achievements
Splendid crossing of the roof of the world -- written on the occasion of the laying of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway
October 12, 2005, is destined to leave a colorful mark in the history of the world's railroads: the world's highest elevation, the line of the longest plateau tundra railroad -- the --On October 15, the first batch of aid materials for Tibet arrived in Lhasa through the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. This marks the official end of Tibet's history of not being able to access the railroad, and also marks that all provinces, cities and districts in China are all connected to the railroad.
Breaking through the permafrost problem, overcoming the lack of oxygen on the plateau, and protecting the fragile ecology
Railway construction problems cracked
The construction of the Tibet railroad is the dream of several generations of Chinese people. Since the founding of New China, the Party Central Committee and the State Council have been caring for the construction of the Tibet Railway. 1984, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway section from Xining to Golmud was officially operated. June 29, 2001, the 1,142-kilometer-long Qinghai-Tibet Railway section from Golmud to Lhasa officially started construction.
Landslides, earthquakes, wind and sandstorms, thunder and lightning, strong sunshine and mudslides. In addition to these frequent natural disasters, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway project is faced with the "frozen soil, high cold and lack of oxygen, ecological fragility" three major world railroad construction problems. 4 years, more than 100,000 road building army to carry forward the "challenge the limits of the spirit of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the courage to create a first-class", in the snow-covered plateau to create a new railroad, and the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a great success.
In the past four years, more than 100,000 road construction troops have been carrying forward the spirit of "challenging the limit and creating the first-class" of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, creating one miracle after another in the snowy plateau.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has to cross 550 kilometers of continuous permafrost area, in addition to some island permafrost, deep-season permafrost, swampy wetlands and slope wetlands, which is the biggest difficulty in the construction of the project. 200 scientific researchers and engineers have jointly attacked the problem, and successively gnawed down the perennial permafrost tunnels, bridges, roadbed construction and application of a number of world problems, and a number of permafrost engineering measures are pioneered at home and abroad, making the Qinghai-Tibet Railway the first to be built in China. Many permafrost engineering measures are the first of their kind at home and abroad, making the Qinghai-Tibet Railway a "world museum of permafrost engineering".
The ice layer of the wind volcano is more than 150 meters thick. Before the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway began, some western media predicted that the Qinghai-Tibet Railway would not be able to cross the wind volcano at all.
The China Railway Bureau, which is responsible for the construction of the railway, cooperated with a number of scientific research units and successively overcame a number of world-wide highland permafrost construction problems. 2002 October, the Wind Volcano Tunnel was successfully opened.
The whole Qinghai-Tibet Railway is at an altitude of more than 3,000 meters above sea level, of which there are 960 kilometers at an altitude of more than 4,000 meters above sea level, with the highest point reaching 5,072 meters, the annual average temperature is below 0 degrees Celsius, and the extreme minimum temperature is minus 45 degrees Celsius, and the oxygen content of the air is only half of that of the mainland, and the constructors may suffer from life-threatening plateau diseases such as pulmonary edema and cerebral edema at any time.
In order to protect the health of the builders, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Construction Headquarters insisted on the health protection first, in the past, the common construction site "not afraid of suffering, not afraid of death" and other lofty words, was "people-oriented, health protection" replaced. Three-level medical institutions have been established along the line, and workers can be sent to the construction site hospital for treatment within half an hour when they are sick. Along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, there are 17 large-scale oxygen stations, and each worker is obliged to inhale oxygen for no less than 2 hours a day on average. In the more than four years of construction since the start of the project, no one has died of altitude sickness.
The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has many varieties of rare animals, large populations and a fragile ecological environment. The total investment in the Golmud-Lhasa section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway amounted to 33.09 billion yuan, of which the investment for environmental protection amounted to more than 1.2 billion yuan. The command department also implemented the environmental protection supervision system for the first time in China's large-scale projects, and entrusted a third party to monitor the environmental protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway throughout the whole project. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has become a model of environmental protection for China's key projects: the first time the environmental protection responsibility book was signed with the provinces and regions through which the railroad passes; the first time a migratory channel was built for wild animals; the first time turf was successfully planted and transplanted at high altitude ......
Reducing transportation costs, expanding external exchanges, and changing the structure of consumption
Plateau development Opportunity once in a lifetime
First time in Tibet, there will be a **** the same feeling: high prices. According to the investigation of the relevant departments of Tibet, in Lhasa, a ton of coal 700 yuan, a ton of cement 800 yuan, 100 yuan of the actual purchasing power of the yuan equivalent to the coastal areas of 54 yuan. The reason for this is mainly that Tibet's own production capacity is relatively low, and the road-based mode of transportation has increased the transportation costs of materials to and from Tibet and the economic expenditures of people going in and out of Tibet.
The inconvenience of transportation has increasingly become a bottleneck for Tibet's reform, opening up and economic development. Tourism, mining, Tibetan medicine, agricultural and livestock products processing, national handicrafts and other plateau characteristics of the development of industry, are constrained because of transportation.