The inventor of the computer, John? Von Neumann. Neumann. Computer is one of the most advanced scientific and technological inventions of the 20th century, which has had an extremely important impact on human production and social activities, and has developed rapidly with a strong vitality. Its field of application from the initial military scientific research applications to all areas of society, has formed a huge computer industry, led to the global scope of technological progress, which led to a profound social change, the computer has been all over the general schools, enterprises and institutions, into the common people's homes, become an essential tool in the information society.
The application of computers in China is becoming more and more common, after the reform and opening up, the number of computer users in China continues to climb, the level of application continues to improve, especially in the field of the Internet, communications, multimedia and other areas of the application of the good results. 1996 to 2009, the number of computer users from the original 6.3 million to 67.1 million units, the number of networked computers by the original 29,000 units to 59,000 units. From 1996 to 2009, the number of computer users increased from 6.3 million to 67.1 million, and the number of networked computers rose from 29,000 to 59.4 million. The number of Internet users has reached 316 million, and there are 670 million mobile users of wireless Internet, of which the number of cell phone Internet users has reached 117 million, which is the first in the world.
Question 2: What is called a computer - -, computer (computer) full name: electronic computer, commonly known as a computer, is able to run in accordance with the program, automatic, high-speed processing of large amounts of data of modern intelligent electronic equipment. Composed of hardware and software, a computer without any software installed is called a barebones computer. Common models are desktop computers, laptop computers, and more advanced computers such as biocomputers, photonic computers, and quantum computers.
The computer (full name: electronic computer; alias: computer, English: computer) is one of the greatest scientific and technological inventions of the 20th century, which has had an extremely important impact on human production and social activities, and has been developing rapidly with a strong vitality. Its field of application from the initial military scientific research applications to the current expansion of all areas of society, has formed a huge scale of the computer industry, led to the global scope of technological progress, which triggered a profound social change. Computers have spread to schools, enterprises and institutions, and entered the homes of ordinary people, becoming an indispensable tool in the information society. It is an important symbol of mankind's entry into the information age. Computer is from the early development of electric calculator. 1946, the world's first electronic digital computer "ENIAC", used to calculate ballistics. It was built by the Moore School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania, U.S.A. In 1956, the transistorized electronic computer was born, which was the second generation of electronic computers. It could be accommodated in just a few larger cabinets, and the speed of computing was greatly increased. 1959 saw the emergence of the third generation of integrated circuit computers. The original computers were developed by Johann? Von Neumann. Neumann's invention (at that time, the computer's computing power is equivalent to today's calculator), there are three warehouses so big, and after the gradual development. The "ENIAC", which was introduced in 1946, was mainly used for ballistic calculations. It was built by the Moore School of Electrical Engineering of the University of Pennsylvania, and it was huge, covering an area of more than 170 square meters, weighing about 30 tons, and consuming nearly 150 kilowatts of electricity. Obviously, such a computer is costly and inconvenient to use. This statement is commonly used in basic computer textbooks, and in fact in 1973 according to the U.S. Supreme Court ruling, the earliest electronic digital computer, should be the U.S. Iowa State University's Department of Physics Associate Professor John? Atanasoff and his graduate assistant, Cliff Berry, developed the first electronic digital computer. Clifford E. Berry (1918-1963) in October 1939 to build the ABC (Atanasoff- Berry-puter). The reason for this misunderstanding was that one of the ENIAC research team, Mokry, had plagiarized the work of John B. Atanasoff in 1941. In 1941, one of the ENIAC researchers, Mr. Mockley, plagiarized the work of John Atanasoff and applied for a patent in 1946. For various reasons this mistake was not reversed until 197ford.
Question 3: What is a computer I. What is a computer
A computer is a highly automated electronic device that can receive and store information, and process it according to the programs stored within it (which are the embodiment of people's will), and then output the results.
Second, the birth of electronic computers
1, the world's first computer ENIAC, was born in February 1946 in the United States, which does not have the main principle characteristics of modern computers - storage program and program control.
2, the world's first computer designed according to the function of the stored program EDVAC, the United States began designing in 1946, and the development was completed in 1950.
3, the world's first computer to realize the function of stored procedures EDSAC, the United Kingdom began designing in 1947, May 1949 into operation.
Third, the development of computers
The development of electronic computers can be divided into four stages according to the electronic logic devices:
1, the first generation of computers (from the introduction of ENIAC ~ the early 1950s), the era of electron tubes, with light screen tubes or mercury delay circuits as a memory, the input and output using perforated paper tape or card. Software was in the initial stage, there was no system software, and the language was only machine language or assembly language. Applications are mainly scientific computing.
2, the second generation of computers (mid-1950s ~ mid-1960s), the transistor era, the use of magnetic cores and drums for memory, resulting in high-level programming languages and batch processing systems. Application areas expanded to data processing and transaction processing, and gradually used for industrial control.
3, the third generation of computers (mid-1960s ~ early 1970s), the era of small and medium-sized integrated circuits, the main memory began to use semiconductor memory, the external memory has a disk and tape, an operating system and standardized programming language and human-computer conversational Basic language. Not only applied to scientific computing, but also applied to business management, automatic control, auxiliary design and auxiliary manufacturing and other fields.
4, the fourth generation of computers (mid-1970s to the present), the era of large-scale ultra-large-scale integrated circuits, the application of computers involved in various fields such as office automation, database management, image recognition, speech recognition, expert systems, and into the family.
Fourth, computer classification
Computers can be divided according to the use, size or processing objects and other aspects.
1, according to the use of division
(1) general-purpose machine: applicable to solve a variety of general problems, the use of this type of computer in a wide range of fields, more versatile, in scientific computing, data processing and process control and other purposes can be adapted.
(2) Specialized machines: used to solve a particular aspect of the problem, equipped with software and hardware to solve a problem, such as in the production process automation control, industrial intelligent instrumentation and other specialized applications.
2, according to the size of the division
(1) giant computer: used in cutting-edge defense technology and modern scientific computing. Giant machine computing speed up to a million billion times per second, the development of giant machines is an important measure of a country's economic strength and scientific level.
(2) large / medium-sized computers: a higher computing speed, can perform tens of millions of instructions per second, and have a larger storage space. Often used for scientific computing, data processing or as a network server.
(3) minicomputer: smaller, simple structure, lower operating environment requirements, generally used in industrial automation, measuring instruments, medical equipment, such as data acquisition. Small machine used as a giant computer system also plays an important role in the auxiliary machine.
(4) Microcomputer: Central Processing Unit (CPU) using microprocessor chips, compact and lightweight, widely used in business, service industry, factory automation, office automation and mass information processing.
(5) workstation: personal computing environment and distributed network environment as the premise of high-functioning computers, workstations are not simply numerical calculations and data processing tools, but also support for artificial intelligence operations of the work machine, through the network connection including workstations, including a variety of computers can be mutual transmission of information, resources, information **** enjoyment, load distribution.
(6) servers: in the network environment for multiple users to provide services *** enjoyment of equipment, generally divided into file servers, print servers, computing servers and communication servers.
3, according to the processing object
(1) digital computer: computer processing input and output values are digital quantities.
(2) analog computer: processing data objects directly for continuous voltage, temperature, speed and other analog data.
(3) Digital-analog hybrid computer: input and output can be both digital and analog data ...... >>
Question 4: What is called a computer? Computer (computer) commonly known as computers, is a computer for high-speed calculations of electronic computers, can be numerical calculations, but also logical calculations, but also has a storage memory function. Is able to run according to the program, automatic, high-speed processing of large amounts of data in modern intelligent electronic equipment. Composed of hardware systems and software systems, without installing any software computer called bare metal.
Question 5: What is the computer program This program is a combination of computer hardware and software, system-oriented, application-oriented broad-bore specialties. Through basic teaching and professional training, to cultivate solid basic knowledge, broad knowledge, engineering practice ability, with a pioneering and innovative consciousness, in the field of computer science and technology to engage in scientific research, education, development and application of senior personnel.
The major courses offered by this program are: electronics, discrete mathematics, programming, data structure, operating system, principles of computer composition, microcomputer systems, computer system architecture, compilation principles, computer networks, database systems, software engineering, artificial intelligence, computer graphics, digital image processing, computer communication principles, multimedia information processing technology, digital signal processing, computer control, network computing, algorithmic computing, digital signal processing. Computer Control, Network Computing, Algorithm Design and Analysis, Information Security, Fundamentals of Applied Cryptography, Information Countermeasures, Mobile Computing, Fundamentals of Number Theory and Finite Fields, Human-Computer Interface Design, Object-Oriented Programming.
The characteristics of the computer science discipline are mainly reflected in the following: strong theoretical, practical and rapid development. According to the first-level disciplines to cultivate a solid foundation of broad-based talents, reflected in the emphasis on mathematics, logic, data structures, algorithms, electronic design, computer architecture and system software and other aspects of the theoretical foundations and professional and technical foundations, the first two and a half years focus on the basic courses of the natural sciences and the professional foundation courses, to broaden the orientation. The latter one and a half years mainly focus on specialized courses to increase optionality, diversity, flexibility and orientation, to highlight the characteristics of discipline orientation and to reflect the latest technology development trends. All secondary discipline courses are now covered. Strengthen the mathematical foundation and analytical ability, higher mathematics changed to mathematical analysis, increase the computer mathematical foundation courses, reflected in the assumption of combinatorial mathematics, increase the hours of discrete mathematics, and reflect the application of mathematics in the computer follow-up courses (such as algorithms and data structure, compilation and other courses) in a continuous line. Pay more attention to practical teaching links, increase the proportion of experimental courses, course design, focus on independent practice links, on-line practice throughout the four years of study, and strengthen the cultivation of comprehensive application of knowledge. Integrate scientific practice and research into the teaching process. On the basis of laying a solid theoretical and technological foundation, senior students are encouraged to actively participate in scientific and technological practice, and the students' scientific and technological innovation activities sponsored by our college and their participation in teachers' scientific research activities are incorporated into the cultivation system. According to the rapid development of computer technology and information technology, the latest development of the discipline is introduced by offering special lectures on the frontiers of the discipline, reflecting the forward-looking nature of the content of the discipline; and a large number of flexible specialized optional courses are set up to introduce students to the latest computer and information technology. Starting from the third year, the Computer Science and Technology program has three directions: computer software, computer applications, and computer security technology, respectively, for students with different interests to choose freely according to their own development direction!
Graduates of this program should acquire the following knowledge and abilities: 1. Master the basic principles, analysis methods and experimental skills of electronic technology and computer composition and architecture, and be able to engage in computer hardware system development and design. 2. 2. master programming languages, algorithms and data structures, operating systems and software design methods and engineering of basic theory, basic knowledge and basic skills, with strong programming capabilities, can engage in system software and large-scale application software development and development. 3. master parallel processing, distributed systems, networks and communications, multimedia information processing, computer security, graphics and image processing and computer-aided design and other aspects of the basic theory, analysis methods and engineering practice skills, with computer applications and development capabilities. 4. Master the basic theories of computer science, with a solid foundation for computer science research.
Editorial section training program
● Knowledge structure: including social and humanities knowledge, natural science knowledge, professional basic knowledge, professional and technical knowledge, economic and management knowledge ● Ability structure: including the ability to acquire knowledge, the ability to apply knowledge, the ability to unite and collaborate, and the ability to innovate on their own ● Quality structure: including ethical, cultural, professional, physical and mental qualities
Edit paragraph computer application technology professional analysis
Computer application technology is a secondary discipline under the first-level discipline of computer science and technology, the professional application is very broad, it is based on the basic theory of computer, highlighting the practical application of computers and networks. At present, China's computer program is mainly divided into three categories: basic computer specialties, cross-computer with science and technology, and cross-computer with liberal arts and art. 1. Basic computer specialties Professional requirements and employment direction: these specialties not only require students to master the basic theory of computer and application development technology, with a certain theoretical foundation, with ...... >>
Question 6: What is a computer network? 01, what is a computer network?
Computer network refers to the independent function of multiple computers, through the communication equipment lines connected, under the support of network software, to realize each other's resources **** enjoyment and data communication throughout the system.
02, what is the basic function of the computer network?
The basic function of a computer network is data communication and resource *** enjoyment.
03, resources *** enjoy mainly refers to which resources?
Resource ****sharing includes hardware, software and data resources ****sharing.
04, computer networks can be divided into which three categories according to its coverage?
Computer networks can be divided into local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs) according to their coverage.
05, which category should a school's campus network belong to as stated in (4)?
A campus network belongs to a LAN.
06, What is the difference between a server-based network and a peer-to-peer network?
In a server-based network, a server manages the network and provides ****-enjoyment services to network users, while in a peer-to-peer network there is no dedicated server, and each computer in the network acts as a non-professional server to manage its own resources and users, and provides ****-enjoyment services to other computers for hardware and software resources. At the same time, it can also be used as a client **** enjoy the resources of other computers.
07. What is the role of the server in the network?
The main role of the server in the network is to manage the network and provide *** enjoyment of resources for network users.
08, Internet can provide us with what services?
The Internet can provide us with a variety of services such as e-mail, file transfer, information query, online news, various forums and e-commerce.
09. What is an IP address on the Internet?
An IP address is the unique identification of a computer on the Internet.
10. How is an IP address usually expressed?
An IP address consists of a 32-bit binary number written as four groups of decimal numbers, with a dot separating each group.
Question 7: What is meant by tool software for computers? 30 points In 1978, the World Intellectual Property Organization published the "Model Law for the Protection of Computer Software" This is the organization convened a number of national experts to form a special group to study the development of its purpose is to provide references to the national computer software legislation in order to promote the international protection of computer software. In this model law article. Computer software is defined as follows: computer software includes program, program description and program use guide three contents. "Program" refers to a computer-readable media into one, can make the computer has the ability to process information to mark a certain function. Instructions to accomplish certain tasks or produce certain results ***. "Program instructions" means instructions in words. Graphic or other means. A sufficiently detailed and complete description or explanation of the instructions in a computer program. "Program instructions" means, in addition to the program, the program description. Other supporting materials to assist in the understanding and implementation of the program.
Software is divided into system software and application software
System software, such as: operating system
Application software, such as: word, wps, rar, etc.
Tools belong to the application of software for the category. Mainly includes system tools, disk tools, compression and burning tools, graphics and image tools, audio and video tools, translation tools, network communication tools, file transfer tools and security tools 9 categories.
Question 8: What do you mean by computerized system 5 points Hello, computerized system means an orderly, sequential kind of management system top
It is written after a lot of programming
I hope you continue to follow up.
Question 9: What do you mean by personal computer? In 1973, French engineers Fran?ois Gernelle and André Truong invented Micral, the earliest personal computer. generally speaking, personal computers are categorized into two major models and two major systems, which are divided into desktop computers and laptops. In terms of systems, there are the IBM PC/AT system standard, developed by ibm (IBM), and the Macintosh system, developed by Apple Computer. In a narrow sense, personal computer refers to the former (IBM integrated development of PC/AT), IBM PC/AT standard due to the quilt x86 open architecture and gained the support of the majority of vendors, becoming the mainstream of the market, so the general PC means IBM PC/AT-compatible models, the architecture of the central processing unit quilted quilted (8) fontanel or AMD and other vendors of the central processing unit. 1980s, IBM launched the Intel-based system in the 1980s, which was based on the Intel system. In the 1980s, IBM launched a personal computer based on Intel's x86 hardware architecture and Microsoft's MS-DOS operating system, and established PC/AT as the standard for PCs. The subsequent development of Intel's microprocessors and Microsoft's operating system almost equaled the development of the PC.v The Wintel architecture completely replaced IBM's dominant position in the PC. Toshiba developed the world's first notebook computer on the x86 architecture. As for desktop computers, because of the quilt-per-release hardware architecture, in addition to brand-name, self-assembled white-labeled computers are also extremely popular. Structure of a personal computer mainframe ● Categorized by size and mobility: Desktop computers Servers Removable computers Laptops Tablet computers Personal digital assistants (PDAs) Wearable computers ● Structure ○ Motherboard: The motherboard is the main circuit board (PCB) of the computer. The rest of the computer's hardware is generally plugged directly into the motherboard to exchange information. The motherboard usually consists of a chipset, BIOS, CMOS, parallel ports, PS/2 keyboard and mouse ports, and expansion slots. ○ Central Processing Unit (CPU): The CPU is the main component of a computer that determines the computing power on which computer programs and operating systems run. Most IBM-compatible computers use x86-architecture processors, which are manufactured by Intel, AMD, VIA or Tran *** eta. ○ Memory: Randomized memory or RAM is the computer's "short-term temporary memory," which can be read and written to at much higher speeds than mass storage devices like hard drives or CD-ROM drives, but its contents are lost when the system is shut down or when there is no power supply. ○Hard disk: A machine that stores data permanently. ○Computer power supply Essential: A stable direct current supply for a computer from a household AC power source. ○Operating System: The Windows series of operating systems launched by the new PC market, followed by Unix-like operating systems, such as GNULinux, which has an open architecture and is gradually gaining popularity, as well as FreeBSD and the DOS series. Manufacturers Dell (DELL), Hewlett-Packard (HP), Siemens (Siemens), Lenovo (Lenovo), IBM, Asus (ASUS), etc. are world-renowned brands.
Question 10: What is a computer? Computer (computer) commonly known as computers, is a kind of electronic calculator for high-speed calculations, can be numerical calculations, but also logical calculations, but also has a storage memory function. Is able to run according to the program, automatic, high-speed processing of large amounts of data of modern intelligent electronic equipment. Composed of hardware systems and software systems, without installing any software computer called bare metal. Can be divided into supercomputers, industrial control computers, network computers, personal computers, embedded computers, five categories, the more advanced computers have biological computers, photonic computers, quantum computers and so on.
The inventor of the computer, John? Von Neumann. Neumann. The computer is one of the most advanced scientific and technological inventions of the 20th century, which has had an extremely important impact on human production and social activities, and has developed rapidly with a strong vitality. Its field of application from the initial military scientific research applications to all areas of society, has formed a huge computer industry, led to the global scope of technological progress, which led to a profound social change, the computer has been all over the general schools, enterprises and institutions, into the common people's homes, become an essential tool in the information society.
The application of computers in China is becoming more and more common, after the reform and opening up, the number of computer users in China continues to climb, the level of application continues to improve, especially in the field of the Internet, communications, multimedia and other areas of the application of the good results. 1996 to 2009, the number of computer users from the original 6.3 million to 67.1 million units, the number of networked computers by the original 29,000 units to 59,000 units. From 1996 to 2009, the number of computer users increased from 6.3 million to 67.1 million, and the number of networked computers rose from 29,000 to 59.4 million. The number of Internet users has reached 316 million, and there are 670 million mobile users of wireless Internet, among which the number of cell phone Internet users has reached 117 million, which is the first in the world.