Chloroform is the scientific name of chloroform, also known as "chloroform", "chloroform" and "carbon trichloride". The name chloroform is the half-meaning and semi-transliteration of English Chloroform; the name Chloroform is the transliteration. It is a colorless and transparent heavy liquid at room temperature, highly volatile, with a pungent and sweet taste and a special aromatic smell. IUPAC English name: Trichloromethane Molecular formula: CHCl3 Relative molecular mass: 119.39 g/mol Molecular structure: C atoms are bonded with sp3 hybrid orbitals. There are 4 σ bonds in the molecule. The molecule is tetrahedral and is a polar molecule. CAS number: 67-66-3 Pubchem: 6212 EINECS: 200-663-8 KEGG: C13827 CHEBI: 35255 RTECS number: FS9100000 SMILES: C(Cl)(Cl)Cl InChl: 1/CHCl3/c2-1(3) 4/h1H Physical properties Molecular weight 119.39. Colorless, transparent and volatile liquid with special sweetness. Relative density (20℃/4℃) 1.489, freezing point -63.55℃, boiling point 61.6℃, refractive index 1.4467, solubility parameter δ=9.4. Miscible with ether, ethanol, benzene, petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, carbon disulfide and oils. Slightly soluble in water. It is not easy to burn, but it can burn when exposed to air for a long time, giving off flames or high temperatures. It is narcotic, toxic and considered a carcinogen. In sunlight, oxygen, moisture, especially when in contact with iron, it will react to form highly toxic phosgene. LD50909mg/kg, the maximum allowable concentration in the air is 240mg/m3 (or 0.005%). Used as a solvent for resin and rubber. It can dissolve polystyrene, ABS, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl butyral, polysulfone, chlorinated polyether, styrene-butadiene rubber, etc. to prepare solvent-based adhesives. Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse, away from light and heat insulation. Melting point: -63.7 Boiling point: 61.2 Relative density (water = 1): 1.48g/cm3; (liquid) Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.12 Solubility in water: 0.8 g/100 ml, saturated vapor pressure at 20 °C (kPa): 13.33 (10.4℃) Critical temperature (℃): 263.4 Critical pressure (MPa): 5.47 Log value of octanol/water partition coefficient: 1.97 Trichloromethane is also called chloroform. It is a compound in which three hydrogen atoms in the methane molecule are replaced by chlorine, with the molecular formula CHCl3. Colorless and volatile liquid; slightly sweet taste; melting point -63.5℃, boiling point 61.7℃, relative density 1.4832 (20/4℃); slightly soluble in water, soluble in ether, ethanol, benzene, etc.; difficult to burn. When exposed to light, chloroform can be oxidized by oxygen in the air into hydrogen chloride and highly toxic phosgene: 2CHCL3 O2—2COCL2 2HCL. Therefore, it should be stored in a sealed brown bottle. 1% to 2% ethanol is usually added to industrial products so that the generated phosgene reacts with ethanol to form non-toxic diethyl carbonate. Before use, add a small amount of concentrated sulfuric acid, shake, wash with water, and dry with calcium chloride or potassium carbonate to obtain ethanol-free chloroform. Under the action of a strong alkali, chloroform can eliminate a molecule of HCL to generate dichlorocarbene, which can be used to prepare dichlorocyclopropane derivatives: chloroform, ethanol and water can form binary *** boiling mixtures, and the three can also A ternary boiling mixture is formed, and their component ratios are: CHCl3: C2H5OH=7:83; CHCl3:H2O=97.5:2.5 CHCl3:C2H5OH:H2O=92.5:4:3.5; Chloroform is a raw material for organic synthesis, mainly used To produce Freon (F-21, F-22, F-23). In addition, it is also used in organic synthesis and anesthetics; solvents for fats, rubber, resins, oils, waxes, phosphorus, iodine and adhesive acrylics; extraction agents for penicillin, essential oils, alkaloids, etc.; determination of inorganic phosphorus in serum; Cleaning agents; preservatives for liver function tests, etc. It is a necessary cleaning agent for mobile phone repair personnel.
Chloroform Chloroform is mixed with carbon tetrachloride to make a non-freezing fire retardant liquid. It is also used as propellant for aerosols, fumigants for grains and standard solutions for calibrating temperature. Industrial products usually add a small amount of ethanol, so that the generated phosgene reacts with ethanol to form non-toxic diethyl carbonate. Chloroform mainly acts on the central nervous system, has an anesthetic effect, and can cause damage to the heart, liver, and kidneys. Acute poisoning: Acute poisoning caused by inhalation or absorption through skin. In the early stage, there are symptoms of headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, excitement, moist and hot skin and mucous membrane irritation. Later, mental disorder, superficial breathing, loss of reflexes, coma, etc. may occur. In severe cases, respiratory paralysis and ventricular fibrillation may occur. It may also be accompanied by liver and kidney damage. When poisoned by accidental ingestion, there will be a burning sensation in the stomach, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Symptoms of anesthesia appear later. Liquids can cause dermatitis, eczema, and even skin burns. Chronic effects: Mainly causes liver damage, and symptoms such as indigestion, fatigue, headache, insomnia, etc., and a few may cause kidney damage and chloroform addiction. Safety protection measures: Hazardous liquids can be absorbed by the skin, and inhalation of their vapors is also harmful. Use in a ventilated place. Environmental hazards: It is harmful to the environment and can cause pollution to water bodies. Fire and explosion hazard: This product is non-flammable, toxic, suspected carcinogen, and irritating. Hazardous characteristics: When in contact with open flames or hot objects, highly toxic phosgene can be produced. Under the action of air, moisture and light, the acidity increases, making it highly corrosive to metals. (Deterioration test method: Add silver nitrate, because the product after chloroform deteriorates is hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid and silver nitrate will react to form a white precipitate.) A compound formed by replacing three hydrogen atoms in the methane molecule with chlorine. Molecular formula CHCl3. Also known as chloroform. Colorless, volatile liquid with a slightly sweet taste. Melting point -63.5℃, boiling point 61.7℃, relative density 1.4832 (20/4℃). Slightly soluble in water, soluble in ether, ethanol, benzene, etc. Chloroform is difficult to burn in experiments. Chloroform can be oxidized by oxygen in the air into hydrogen chloride and highly toxic phosgene under light: 2CHCl3 O2=2COCl2 2HCl Chloroform was first produced in 1832 by alkali decomposition of trichloroacetaldehyde. . Industrially, it can be produced by chlorination of methane, or by the reaction between aldehyde or ketone containing acetaldehyde group and hypochlorite. This reaction is very common and is called haloform reaction. For example: It can also be produced at high temperature. Prepared by reducing carbon tetrachloride with iron and water. Chloroform is a commonly used organic solvent. It was once used as an inhaled general anesthetic in medicine. It is rarely used due to its high toxicity. Its vapor is irritating to eye mucous membranes. There are many ways to produce chloroform. In addition to the methane method and formaldehyde method currently widely used abroad, there are also acetaldehyde bleaching powder method, acetone method, chlorine oil method and chlorohydrin method. The raw material consumption quota for the acetaldehyde bleaching powder method is: acetaldehyde (calculated in 100) 600kg/t, chlorine 2500kg/t, lime (calculated in 100) 5000kg/t. Chloroform should be stored in sealed brown bottles. Industrial products usually add 1% to 2% ethanol so that the generated phosgene reacts with ethanol to form non-toxic diethyl carbonate. Before use, add a small amount of concentrated sulfuric acid, shake, wash with water, and dry with calcium chloride or potassium carbonate to obtain ethanol-free chloroform. Under the action of a strong base, chloroform can eliminate a molecule of hydrogen chloride to generate dichlorocarbene, which can be used to prepare dichlorocyclopropane derivatives. Chloroform, ethanol and water can form a binary boiling mixture or a ternary boiling mixture respectively. ② Do not use iron tools (such as iron spoons, iron containers, shovels, etc.) during the treatment process. Use other tools instead, because iron helps to decompose chloroform to generate more toxic phosgene. If possible, operators should wear gas masks or other protective equipment during handling. ③ Remove the contaminated soil and then concentrate it for treatment. The following methods can be selected depending on the situation: a. Heating the soil and adding water to make chloroform generate formic acid, carbon monoxide and hydrochloric acid; b. Adding concentrated alkali solution to the soil to react with chloroform to generate carbon monoxide; c. Add dilute sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide to the soil to react with chloroform to generate sodium formate or potassium formate; the above operations should be avoided under light conditions. d. When incineration of soil, ensure complete combustion to prevent the generation of phosgene.
⑵ When chloroform liquid enters a water body, efforts should be made to block the channel between the polluted waters and other waters. The methods include building a dam to stop the flow; digging ditches to allow it to flow to another water body (such as a sewage canal), etc. Since chloroform is a volatile halogenated hydrocarbon, the simplest and easiest way to treat water contaminated by it is to use aeration (including deep aeration) to quickly escape from the water into the atmosphere. In addition, several methods of treating soil can also be used as appropriate. Waste disposal method: Use incineration. Waste materials are mixed with other fuels and then incinerated. The combustion must be sufficient to prevent the formation of phosgene. The hydrogen halide in the incinerator exhaust is removed by an acid scrubber (if possible, the recovery and use of chloroform should be considered). Edit this paragraph personal protection Inhalation: When the concentration of vapor or smoke is unknown or there is a detectable concentration, a gas mask with a yellow filter box should be worn. Eyes: Wear chemical splash glasses or face shield. Edit this paragraph first aid: Inhalation: Remove the patient who has inhaled steam from the contaminated area, rest and keep warm. If breathing stops, give artificial respiration immediately. Eyes: Rinse with water and seek medical attention. Oral administration: If swallowed by mistake, rinse mouth immediately and send to hospital for treatment.