First, the preliminary management of facilities and equipment in geological tourism destinations
(A) the significance of early management
Apart from sightseeing, tourists are most concerned about whether they can enjoy good living, eating, transportation, entertainment and shopping conditions in geological tourist destinations, and the realization of these conditions is inseparable from the improvement of good tourist facilities. Therefore, good scenic facilities are the material conditions for receiving and serving tourists, developing tourism, and the necessary conditions for operating tourism. In order to ensure a good and perfect geological tourism facility, it is necessary to carry out modern, perfect and efficient management of geological tourism facilities.
Doing a good job in the early management of facilities can lay a good foundation for the operation, maintenance, repair and renewal management of facilities and equipment in the future. In the early management, once mistakes occur in the planning stage, it will bring serious economic losses to the future geological tourism destinations, and it will also bring difficulties to the normal service and maintenance in the future. Therefore, we must first do a good job in the early management of these facilities.
(2) Investigation and study
What kind of facilities, equipment, location and scale should be set up in geological tourism destinations, and then the required facilities and equipment should be determined according to the nature, type and basic characteristics of geological tourism destinations. The investigation contents include: the existing water and electricity supply capacity; The present situation of communication facilities; Traffic conditions, whether there are roads leading to various scenic spots; The demand for greening trees and flowers; Whether the existing reception service facilities and entertainment facilities can meet the needs of tourists; Environmental conditions for installation and construction of facilities and equipment; The technical level, specifications and technical performance of the construction and manufacture of facilities and equipment; Manufacturer and reputation; Construction price, installation fee, operating cost, depreciation fee, etc.
On the basis of investigation, the demand of tourists should be predicted, and the quantity and construction scale of various facilities and equipment should be determined by predicting the number of tourists arriving, the time of tourists staying and the consumption of each tourist. The forecast of tourists' demand is a key work in the planning of facilities and equipment in geological tourism destinations. If there is an error or a big error in the estimation of the number of tourists during the planning period, the construction planning of water, electricity, reception and commercial service facilities will become meaningless and the overall layout will lose its basis. For example, Jiuzhaigou, a famous Quaternary ancient glacier relic, should be equipped with the number of battery cars to pick up and drop off tourists by counting the number of tourists, so as to make the best use of it.
(3) Project planning
According to the investigation results and actual needs, the facilities and equipment of geological tourism destination to be invested are put forward. According to the environmental capacity and the scale of tourists, the following problems can be determined: the scale of water storage facilities, the direction of water supply and drainage pipelines, the scale of sewage and sewage treatment engineering facilities; The trend of transmission lines with different voltage levels in geological tourist areas: the erection methods and trends of internal and external communication facilities and communication lines; Selection of key greening areas, tree species and flowers; The choice of tourist roads and transportation facilities in geological tourist destinations: the scale and distribution of tourist service facilities; The scale and distribution of entertainment and leisure facilities, etc. Then, the geological tourism destination should prepare a feasibility study report, submit for approval facilities investment projects, and finally make investment decisions.
(4) Procurement, installation and debugging
The procurement of facilities and equipment should consider its applicability, economy, reliability, safety, environmental protection, characteristics and other factors. The quality assurance of the construction and installation of facilities and equipment in geological tourist areas is an important link affecting the use effect of facilities and equipment in the future, which must be completed by sending engineers and technicians from geological tourist areas or hiring relevant supervision companies to supervise. Both parties shall be present at the site during the acceptance and go through the written handover procedures. The problems found in the acceptance shall be solved by the competent equipment department, and the acceptance handover report shall be subject to the completion acceptance form signed by all units participating in the acceptance.
Two, geological tourism facilities and equipment service period management
(A) the significance of service period management of geological tourism facilities
The planning, construction, installation and completion of facilities belong to the early stage of facility management. Facilities serve tourists from the beginning, and the maintenance of facilities is the service period management of facilities. The service period of facilities is the most important period when all kinds of facilities and equipment are put into use at the most economical cost and their highest comprehensive benefits are brought into play. If the facilities of geological tourist destinations are poorly managed during this period, it will not only bring huge economic losses to the tourist geological tourist destinations, but also seriously affect the reputation of geological tourist destinations and have adverse effects.
The facilities management of geo-tourism destination serves the management objectives of geo-tourism destination. Besides the economic management of facilities, there is also the technical management of facilities. From the point of view of facility technology management, the service period of geological tourism facilities must be the period when the equipment maintains a good service state. This requires standardized maintenance of facilities and equipment to prevent failures and accidents, thus saving maintenance costs, reducing costs, ensuring service quality and improving the reputation of geological tourism destinations. Therefore, the service period management of geological tourism facilities is an important link to improve the economic and social benefits of geological tourism destinations, and it is of great significance to realize the development goals of geological tourism destinations.
(two) the use and management of facilities and equipment
The service period management of geological tourism facilities is not only to maintain all kinds of equipment in a certain facility, but also to maintain a certain facility component (each link) and the equipment of these components. For example, some reception facilities are not only equipped with accommodation facilities, but also with restaurant catering service facilities and entertainment and cultural facilities such as entertainment, fitness and conference halls. These facilities also include some infrastructure, such as water, electricity and communication. In order to achieve the best service quality and benefit, these reception facilities must be comprehensively managed, that is, all kinds of equipment in these facilities, such as water supply and drainage and sanitation equipment, telecommunications and communication equipment, kitchen equipment, entertainment equipment, amusement equipment, environmental equipment, safety equipment and transportation (elevator) equipment, must be standardized and maintained.
1. Standardized management of facilities and equipment
(1) Standardized management of operators. Operators must learn and master the principle, structure, performance, use, maintenance, repair and technical safety of facilities and equipment. Strengthen the sense of responsibility and professionalism of operators.
(2) Standardization requirements for service personnel. Service personnel must participate in the study and training of the use and operation of common facilities and equipment, and introduce the use methods and precautions of the equipment to tourists. Clean, maintain and guarantee the equipment used by tourists, and formulate post responsibility norms.
2. Rules and regulations on the use and management of facilities and equipment
The rules and regulations for the use and management of facilities and equipment include: operating procedures, maintenance procedures, post responsibility system for facilities and equipment operators, and facilities and equipment management forms. Establishing and perfecting the rules and regulations on the use and management of facilities and equipment in geological tourism destinations will help to realize scientific management and eliminate confusion in work; It is beneficial to improve the comprehensive benefits of facilities and equipment, prolong service life and reduce maintenance costs and energy consumption; It is helpful to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of employees and better complete the task.
In order to ensure the strict implementation of the management system, we must adhere to regular inspection and assessment. To do a good job in inspection and assessment, we must do a good job in three aspects: First, we must grasp standards, which are the basis of assessment. Without standards, there is no distinction between good and bad. The second is to pay attention to the assessment methods. Whether the assessment method is scientific or not is related to whether the assessment is correct. Third, on the basis of assessment, rewards and punishments are clear. The prize will be awarded, and the punishment will be punished. Only by doing a good job in inspection, assessment, rewards and punishments can we promote the implementation of the management system.
3. Basic requirements for the use of facilities and equipment
Geological tourism facilities and equipment are numerous, widely distributed and widely used. To do a good job in the use and management of facilities and equipment, we must implement the system of "all staff management of facilities and equipment", and whoever wants to use it should maintain it well. To achieve this goal, first of all, it is required to do a good job in training the basic operating skills and operating discipline of facilities and equipment. The basic requirements for equipment departments and operators are as follows:
(1) "Three Good" Requirements for Facilities and Equipment Users
① Management of facilities and equipment. Each department must manage its own facilities and equipment, and important facilities and equipment should be operated by fixed machines and personnel. Without the consent of the leader, others are not allowed to use it at will.
② Make good use of facilities and equipment. Operators must use all facilities and equipment in strict accordance with the operating procedures, and shall not be overloaded and uncivilized operation is prohibited;
③ Maintenance of facilities and equipment. All facilities and equipment used by tourists in geological tourist areas should not only be well managed and used, but also maintained by scenic service personnel to keep them in good condition. If it is damaged, it should actively cooperate with maintenance personnel to repair facilities and equipment.
(2) "Four Meetings" requirements for operators
(1) can be used. Operators should be familiar with the use and basic principles of facilities and equipment in advance, learn and master the operating procedures of facilities and equipment, and use them correctly;
2 will be maintained. Learn and implement the maintenance procedures of facilities and equipment to meet the four requirements of facilities and equipment maintenance, namely cleanliness, cleanliness, lubrication and safety;
3 will check. Know the structure and performance of the facilities and equipment you use, know the vulnerable parts of the equipment, be familiar with the items, standards and methods of routine inspection and equipment integrity rate, and be able to conduct routine inspection according to the specified requirements;
(4) Troubleshooting. The engineering management department of geological tourism destination should know the characteristics of all facilities and equipment, distinguish between normal and abnormal conditions of equipment, know how to disassemble and assemble, make general adjustments and eliminate simple faults, report problems that cannot be solved by itself in time, and cooperate with maintenance personnel to carry out maintenance.
(3) the "five disciplines" of operators
Discipline is the guarantee of managing and using facilities and equipment well. Every operator should strictly implement the "five disciplines":
(1) Implement the system of operating by person, machine and voucher, and strictly abide by the safety technical operation procedures;
(2) Always keep the facilities and equipment clean and refuel according to regulations. Don't start the car before the lubrication work is completed, and don't leave work before the cleaning work is completed;
(3) Earnestly implement the system of succession, and keep records of succession and operation time;
(4) Manage the tools and accessories well, so as not to lose or damage them;
(5) Don't leave your post when the equipment is running. Stop running immediately when abnormal sounds and faults are found. If you can't handle it yourself, you should promptly notify the maintenance personnel to carry out maintenance.
(4) "Two introductions" of service personnel
① Introduce the usage of facilities and equipment to tourists and demonstrate the operation;
② Introduce the safety precautions of using facilities and equipment to tourists.
Third, the renovation of facilities and equipment in geological tourism destinations.
The renovation of facilities and equipment in geological tourism destinations refers to the replacement of old equipment with poor economic effect and backward technology with new equipment with good economic effect and advanced technology. The transformation of facilities and equipment in geological tourism destination refers to the technical transformation of existing backward facilities and equipment by using advanced technology, in order to improve energy-saving effect and improve safety and environmental protection characteristics. With the progress of science and technology, new facilities and equipment with better performance, higher production efficiency and more complete service functions are constantly emerging, and the elimination cycle of facilities and equipment is getting shorter and shorter. However, the aging, poor quality and low efficiency of service facilities in many geological tourism destinations have become a serious obstacle to improve the service quality of geological tourism destinations. At the same time, with the constant change of tourism demand, geological tourism destinations are constantly facing new demands for facilities and equipment. It is an important way to improve reception capacity, provide service quality and service level, realize technological modernization and continuously improve economic and social benefits that scenic spots need to acquire new facilities and equipment, transform old facilities and equipment, and speed up the renewal of facilities and equipment.
(a) update the classification.
According to the scale of the renovation project, the renovation of facilities and equipment can be divided into comprehensive renovation, system renovation, single-machine renovation and renovation. Generally speaking, comprehensive transformation is to transform or update some old or large-scale facilities and equipment that can no longer meet the needs on the basis of basically retaining the original projects. System transformation is aimed at specific problems such as performance degradation, low efficiency, high energy consumption and poor environmental protection characteristics of supporting systems and equipment with specific functions in a facility. The renovation and updating of single machine is a technical measure for single machine equipment in the facility.
(2) Decision on loan renewal
Sometimes, due to the wear and tear of facilities and equipment in geological tourism destinations during the service period, the use cost gradually increases and the service effect decreases, or because of the appearance of facilities and equipment with more advanced and perfect performance, geological tourism destinations can consider buying a new generation of facilities and equipment while the old facilities and equipment can still be used. Sometimes, when considering buying a new generation of facilities and equipment, it is necessary to consider whether to buy new facilities and equipment with high original value but low maintenance cost, or to buy new facilities and equipment while keeping old facilities and equipment, or other schemes. Similar renewal schemes often need to make decisions on the renewal of facilities and equipment. The renovation of facilities and equipment, especially the renovation of large-scale facilities and equipment, often requires a lot of money, which is a major decision or even a strategic decision of geological tourism destinations. Generally, it is necessary to make comprehensive decision analysis, considering the availability of facilities and equipment, market potential, competitors' situation, comparison of various investment and recovery schemes, etc.
(3) Problems that should be paid attention to in decoration.
In the planning of geological tourism destination facilities and equipment renovation, should do the following:
(1) Carry out in a planned, focused and step-by-step manner;
(2) Pay attention to combining the renovation and modernization of facilities and equipment;
(3) Make good use of old facilities and equipment in the process of updating. For the replaced old facilities and equipment, we should try our best to transform, degrade, transfer or dismantle with compensation, and use the main parts to give full play to the remaining potential of the old facilities and equipment;
(4) The service life of facilities and equipment in geological tourist areas should be reasonably determined according to factors such as frequency of use, degree of wear and tear, maintenance status and design standards;
(5) When comparing facilities and equipment renewal schemes, it should be noted that the value of the original facilities and equipment must be calculated at the present value, not at the original value.
In short, in the renovation of facilities and equipment, we should focus on the key points, give priority to the limited manpower, financial resources and material resources for key facilities and equipment and key projects, and do more with less money. Attention should be paid to the technical and economic analysis of planning and capital input and output. According to the development goal, the geological tourism destination should make a plan for the purchase of facilities and equipment, technical transformation and renewal for 3 to 5 years. The disposal of facilities and equipment should be reflected in financial reports and fixed assets accounts in a timely manner.
(4) The case of geological tourism facilities management by stages.
Yuntai Mountain in Henan Province is a national 5A scenic spot. In the past, due to the limited parking spaces in the scenic spot, the traffic control department had to alternately release the vehicles entering and leaving the scenic spot. Therefore, vehicles that are late outside the scenic spot often have to wait four or five hours to enter the scenic spot. On holidays, many vehicles lined up outside the gate of the scenic spot at three or four in the middle of the night. At dawn, vehicles of all sizes lined up for more than ten kilometers inside and outside the scenic spot. Traffic jams, difficulty in getting in and out, long waiting time and physical exhaustion lead to the decline of tourism quality, and many passengers are "in a bad mood in the face of good scenery".
In order to solve the traffic bottleneck problem, the managers of Yuntai Mountain decided to introduce a new operation mode. In 2004, a large parking lot with more than 5,000 parking spaces and perfect service functions was put into use, and foreign vehicles were not allowed to enter the mountains. Sightseeing bus, whose exhaust emission reaches international and European standards, is purchased in the scenic spot to shuttle between Qishan and Xiushui for free, and the tour route is adjusted in time according to the saturation of tourists in each scenic spot. Each bus is equipped with a tour guide to provide intimate services such as on-board explanation and scenic spot consultation. Completely solved the problem that tourists can't get in, out, walk or play. It increases the capacity of the scenic spot, avoids the excessive concentration of tourists, and is more conducive to providing safe, convenient and high-quality services for tourists in the scenic spot, further enhancing the brand image of Yuntai Mountain.