"A greater threat to mankind's gases, the world's annual emissions amount to more than 600 million tons ......; estimated that by the middle of the next century, one-third of the earth's surface is facing the risk of desertification, and every year, 60,000 square kilometers of land Desertification, threatening more than 60 countries ...... "Seeing this set of alarming figures. Friends, what do you think?
Engels said: "...... Let us not be overly intoxicated by our victories over nature. For every such victory, nature has revenged itself on us." Hasn't it? From 23 million years ago to 18 million years ago, the emergence of forest apes to the present highly developed civilization of mankind, mankind has never stopped asking for nature, nature is also "ask for it", which grows the greed of mankind. They have been cutting down trees on the earth, setting up chemical plants, discharging waste ....... So, once the mountains and waters, a blue mother earth look has been full of devastation, smoke and miasma. This how not to call people cold hearted it?
To this point, mankind has not realized the seriousness of the problem, still I do what I do, to environmental pollution, ecological destruction in exchange for economic development, to cite a recent example:
Mulan Creek in our city, in the early 1950s was a crystal clear, fish and shrimp swarms of the river, everywhere you can see the children playing in the water and panning and washing of vegetables of the women, but in recent years, due to the creek's upstream of the Mulan But in recent years, due to the upper reaches of the Mulan Sugar Factory and other factories do not pay attention to environmental protection and the correct treatment of sewage, waste water waste discharge arbitrarily, resulting in the deterioration of the water quality of the Mulan River, fish and shrimp extinct. Looking at the black foam and dead chickens and ducks floating on the surface of the stream, who dares to swim in the river and use the water for washing and cooking? Farmers on both sides of the river use polluted water to irrigate their crops, which reduces crop yields ....... Farmers have repeatedly asked the county authorities to solve the pollution problem, and for some reason, it has been dragging on.
Doesn't the foam and livestock carcasses in Magnolia Creek ring an alarm bell? When will the extinct fish and shrimp in the stream return?
Of course, environmental problems are not the only ones, such as the world's eight major public health hazards, Japan's Minamata Disease, pain and so on are not mankind's ignorance of the natural world and digging their own graves. Indeed, the environmental problems are all the time besetting the whole world. However, who directs this tragedy? It is mankind. When the catastrophe fell on human beings again, when nature took endless revenge on human beings, human beings finally woke up and realized the importance of environmental protection. If human beings want to conquer nature, they must respect nature. For the transformation of nature should be cautious and prudent, but also bold, courageous practice and improvement, in order to control the nature, so that their own interests and the coordinated development of nature.
In the face of China's serious environmental problems, we must not repeat the developed countries in the West, "first pollution, after treatment" of the same mistake. "Pollution first, then governance" is a very unwise choice, the cost of governance is very high. We need to accelerate the development of our country's economy to get rid of environmental constraints, but also to implement the main prevention, prevention and control of the combination of the policy to protect the environment.
As a secondary school student of the new era, I advocate that students raise awareness of environmental protection, and also suggest that uncles and aunts join us in the team to protect the environment for the benefit of future generations to contribute their strength.
Because: the protection of the environment, urgent!
2, on the human and the environment of the unity of opposites
Human beings, as the master of the earth, since the day of birth, and the surrounding geographical environment has a close relationship. On the one hand, human's living and production activities need to constantly obtain material and energy from the surrounding environment for their own survival and development, and at the same time, the waste discharged in the geographic environment; on the other hand, the environment according to its own laws in the non-stop formation and transformation of a certain amount of material and energy, its occurrence, development and change, and do not care about the existence of human beings, do not subjective needs of human beings to change their objective attributes, and do not change for human beings, and do not change for human beings. Its occurrence, development and change do not care about the existence of human beings, do not change its objective properties for the subjective needs of human beings, and do not change the process of their own development for the purposeful activities of human beings.
The so-called antagonism, that is, between the subjective needs and purposeful activities of human beings and the objective attributes and laws of development of the environment, there is inevitably a contradiction. Humans must recognize the environment, must follow the law of development and change of the environment to engage in production and activities, otherwise, it will inevitably be retaliated against and punished by the environment, not conducive to the survival of mankind's environmental problems will then occur.
The so-called unity, that is, human beings to the environment as a carrier, always in a certain environmental space, human activities are always with its surrounding environment interaction, mutual constraints and mutual transformation. Human beings are both the product of the environment, in a certain sense, is also the shaper of the environment, human activities can not be endless to the environment for, also can not always unrestricted in the discharge of waste to the environment. When human behavior is retaliated by the environment and affects the survival and development of human beings themselves, human beings will have to adjust their own behavior to adapt to the scope of the environment can allow.
Over the centuries, human society has developed in this relationship of unity of opposites.
When human beings were first differentiated from animals, this unity of opposites was already in a rudimentary state. Early human beings already knew how to hunt for food, make fire, make clothes, live in caves, and compete for survival in various environments. However, because of their limited capacity, they could only exchange material and energy with the environment through their living activities and their own physiological and metabolic processes. At that time, the contradiction between human beings and the environment was not yet prominent, and the goal of people's efforts was only to adapt to the environment and utilize the environment, but seldom to consciously change the environment.
With the enhancement of human activities, the use of tools is also increasingly improved, human beings began to know how to change the environment, learned farming, breeding, clothing, housing, the population can be a large number of people, especially into the era of agricultural civilization, people will be a large area of barren mountains, grassland into good land, the development of water conservancy, and for the agricultural harvest to provide a guarantee. However, behind its development, the contradiction with the environment has become prominent. Due to uncontrolled deforestation and reclamation, causing serious soil erosion, the destruction of the grassland invites the expansion of the desert, the unreasonable diversion of water for irrigation and the formation of soil salinization. The intensification of these contradictions, had made the prosperity of the ancient Babylonian civilization into a sandy wasteland, but also so that the Mayans could not withstand the drought, floods, sand, and had to discard their own hands to create a civilization, left the homeland,...... this is the early environmental problems. Unfortunately, people did not cause alarm and did not recognize that this is the revenge of the environment. At that time, human productivity is not yet developed, the destruction of the environment is not yet obvious, environmental problems have not yet reached the point of jeopardizing the survival of mankind, so mankind is still my way. To the modern industrial age, the situation has changed fundamentally, the productivity of human society, the number of human beings, the scope and scale of life is not what it used to be, the idea of "human beings are better than the sky" occupies people's minds, human beings in the transformation of the environment at the same time, the destruction of the environment is also increasing. At the same time, the structural composition of the environment, the way and intensity of the material cycle have undergone profound changes, the environmental problems have become clear, modern industry so that a large number of buried in the ground of mineral resources are mined out, into the environment, and with the production and consumption of products, but also to the waste gas, waste water, waste residue emissions, many of which are difficult to deal with the waste, assimilation, so it is difficult to bear on the human body and biological hazards. Hazards. With the accumulation of these hazardous wastes, the quality of the environment is gradually deteriorating and the ecological balance is being destroyed. Modern industry has also brought about the problems of population and urbanization, and the modernization of agriculture has also given rise to environmental problems in many areas. It can be seen that when human beings play a positive role in creating a high degree of material civilization, they have also brought negative side effects to the environment, from the "Black Storm" in the United States in 1934 to the "man-made desert" in Inner Mongolia in the era of China's Great Leap Forward; from the London smog incident of the 1960s to the Los Angeles photochemical incident; and from the London smog incident of the 1960s to the Los Angeles photochemical incident of the 1960s. From the London smog incident in the 1960s, the Los Angeles photochemical incident, the Maas Valley incident in Belgium, to today's world population growth, forest decline, the ozone layer appeared in a series of environmental problems, is not nature's retaliation against mankind. These are all concrete manifestations of the antagonistic relationship between human beings and the environment.
Of course, there is opposition, there must be unity. From the passive adaptation of ancient mankind to the modern conscious transformation of the environment, so that it can adapt to the survival and development of mankind, all reflect the unity of the relationship between man and the environment. Humans from arboreal to cave dwelling, from cave dwelling to house dwelling, from collecting natural food to developing farming, animal husbandry, etc., these are the process of human adaptation to the environment, which, it should be said, is also the process of unity between man and the environment. With the emergence of modern environmental problems that jeopardize the survival of human beings, human beings began to reflect on themselves and made a series of responses, such as sealing off mountains, afforestation, planting grasses, establishing nature reserves, attaching importance to controlling the development of resources and the governance of the environment, etc., so as to make human beings more adaptable to the law of development of the environment in terms of their survival and development. In particular, human beings rely on their own wisdom and ability. Continuously transform the environment, create a more adaptable to human survival and development, and environmental coordination of space, in order to achieve the highest level of unity of relationship, for example: the United Kingdom's "Misty Metropolis change", the United States of America's "dead river resurrection," Japan's For example: Britain's "fog city change", the United States "dead river resurrection", Japan's "garden factory", China's "three north" protective forest belt and more than 700 nature reserves, etc., are illustrated by the unity of the relationship between human activities and the environment and improve.
Fortunately, the protection of the environment and the promotion of ecological balance has become the world's mankind **** knowledge. June 5, 1972, the United Nations in Stockholm, Sweden, the capital of the "mankind and the environment" conference, put forward the "there is only one planet! " slogan, and adopted the "Declaration on the Human Environment", the same year to determine the June 5 for the "World Environment Day"; since 1976, for the atmospheric ozone hole, has held a number of international conferences to explore solutions, the United Nations has also adopted the 2000 years ago to stop using the "chlorofluorocarbons". "The United Nations has also adopted a resolution on halting the use of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) by the year 2000, and in 1992, the United Nations convened a conference on "Environment and Development" in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with the participation of heads of state. These responses can be said to be new initiatives to promote the relationship between human society and the geographic environment from antagonism to unity.
It must be seen that the unity of mankind and the environment of the relationship between the antithesis of the human society has always been throughout the process of development, along with the development of human society and the growth of demand for environmental resources, this relationship is also in the continuous development of the human society, in order to solve the contradiction between mankind and the environment, on the one hand, depends on the development of productive forces, scientific and technological advances, on the other hand, we must vigorously improve the environmental awareness of the whole population, to realize a high degree of coordination between mankind and the environment. To realize a high degree of coordination between human beings and the environment. Therefore, it is very necessary to straighten out the following relationships:
①Establish the concept of sustainable development, that is, the current behavior or goals of human beings should be consistent with the overall long-term interests and destiny of all human beings, human beings must be conducive to the survival of the environment and all kinds of production activities and living activities, and to obtain the maximum benefit;
②Human activities can be a source of material and energy from the environment to obtain a good living environment and long-term interests, and the environment is a good place to live, and the environment is a good place to live. good living environment and long-term benefits, and can survive healthily and happily;
3 man and nature, man and man can establish a benign relationship of mutual compensation, to coordinate the organic combination of the elements of the system, each other into one;
4 human culture must promote the development of society and national progress, must promote the further deepening of man's understanding of the use of the natural world, to Establishment of a good socio-economic environment;
⑤ In the great project of coordinated development of mankind and the environment, mankind's organizational structure and knowledge structure must be sound, the awareness of all people's participation must be strengthened, and the decision-making of the main body must be correct; the coordination of mankind and the environment must be an all-around coordination, and it must keep mankind within the Earth's maximum environmental capacity or carrying capacity, and it must always be in the best living environment The state of the environment must always be in the best living environment.
In a word, the unity of mankind and the environment of the relationship between opposites everywhere, all the time, to eliminate the opposites, strengthen the unity of the relationship between mankind and the environment must be coordinated in the construction of the economy to achieve a high degree of coordination of economic, social and ecological benefits, only in this way can we guarantee the sustained development of mankind and a high degree of unity of the environment. Otherwise, those who only consider to meet the needs of human development, do not take into account the quality of the environment, or even only consider the immediate, not the long-term approach, the result can only be the destruction of the unity, strengthened opposition, human development needs can not be met, the relationship between the two can not be improved, and the legacy of the environmental damage, but also the future generations will be affected.
3.--Thinking about the environment caused by SARS
--SARS "
Abstract: In the past 30 years, due to human destruction of forests, environmental pollution, improper engineering construction, etc., the ecological environment has been changed and destroyed, so that germs are in an active state, the reproduction rate is accelerated, the spread of the range of expansion of the emergence of new diseases are endless, is bringing disastrous consequences to the health of human beings themselves. This paper intends to arouse more conscious awareness and behavior of environmental protection.
Keywords: ecological changes, hazards, health
SARS dominated most of the headlines in late April and early May 2003, but it was not the only strange disease monitored by the World Health Organization. SARS, the deadly Ebola that has ravaged central Africa for more than five months, and the bird flu ...... that is sweeping through Belgian and Dutch chicken farms and infecting people, are among the many horrific new diseases that have been added to the list, with some 30 new ones that have killed tens of millions of people since the 1970s. The U.S. Institute of Medicine warns that infectious diseases will continue to emerge. In studying the causes of disease emergence, ecologists have found that the origins of most new human diseases are contracted from animals, a process influenced by chance and even by weather and climate. In contrast, however, human activities have a much greater impact on the ecological environment. Almost all acts of destruction of the natural environment, such as changing the use of land, environmental pollution, improper construction of large-scale projects, etc., will break the harmony and *** birth of life and nature, change the ecology of germs and vectors, and increase the mobility of disease-causing microorganisms, which will lead to catastrophic consequences.
First of all, human beings destroy forests, breaking the natural ecological balance and providing opportunities for germs to take advantage of.In the 1980s, farmers in the state of Portuguesa, Venezuela, razed millions of hectares of forests and transformed them into farmland. These farms attracted as many rats and voles as people, and the rodents brought a virus called guanarito to the region, which caused fever, shock, and hemorrhaging, infecting more than 100 people and killing one-third of them. 1999 saw Malaysian hog farmers cutting down forests to expand their operations, leaving homeless bats in their wake. In 1999, deforestation by Malaysian pig farmers to expand their farms led to homeless fruit bats roosting in the rafters of their sheds, carrying the Nipah virus that contaminated the pigs' drinking water and caused them to suffer from a violent cough known as the "mile cough" (because it could be heard from so far away). The virus quickly spread from pigs to pig farmers, causing severe cerebral inflammation and a 40% mortality rate among infected people. The Malaysian government closed eight farms and slaughtered one million pigs before the outbreak was finally extinguished. The same is true of the outbreak of Lyme disease (whose causative agent is the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, spread by ticks that parasitize deer and mice) in the US state of Connecticut: people were infected and sickened by the destruction of forests by suburban development, which resulted in the loss of habitat for foxes and bobcats, and a surge in the number of mice carrying the bacterium, which had lost its natural predator.
Similar to the reduction of forests, the disappearance of a large number of wetlands, the reclamation of grasslands and other blind changes in land use have also disrupted the ecological balance and induced a variety of diseases.
Secondly, environmental pollution provides a breeding ground and channel for germs to reproduce and spread. Human survival is inseparable from the water, atmosphere, soil and other ecological environment, and these environments, once polluted or damaged, will cause direct or indirect harm to human health, resulting in the "modern disease" and the increase of environmental diseases. The World Bank in 1997 on China's environmental problems after the study pointed out that, because of China's environmental pollution increased, making environmental accidents, and environmental pollution closely related to the incidence of malignant tumors and respiratory diseases increased.
Thermal pollution, in addition to causing thermal expansion of seawater and melting of polar glaciers, rising sea levels and accelerating the endangerment of biological species, but also many hazards to human health. It comprehensively reduces the normal immune function of the human organism, including disease-causing viruses or bacteria on antimicrobial agents increasingly heat-resistant, as well as changes in the ecosystem reduces the body's resistance to disease, thus exacerbating a variety of new and old infectious diseases concurrent, epidemic. Thermal pollution makes the temperature rise, for mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches, fleas and other disease-transmitting insects, as well as pathogenic microorganisms, etc., provides the best breeding conditions and dissemination mechanism, forming a new "interferential chain effect", leading to malaria, dengue fever, schistosomiasis, Scrub typhus, epidemic meningitis and other viral pathogens of diseases. Expansion of epidemic and repeated epidemics. Especially mosquito-borne infectious diseases, has been a sharp increase in the trend. Recently, the United States, New York and found a new mosquito infected by the "West Nile virus" caused by the strange disease.
The combination of coastal pollution and ocean warming may be contributing to the emergence of toxic red tides, which can cause other diseases, such as cholera, that are hosted in floating hatchery organisms. It has been suggested that the dugong die-offs that occurred off the coast of Florida in the United States in the late 20th century were linked to toxic red tides caused by eutrophication of seawater and warmer sea surface temperatures.
In addition, the pollution of the environment by toxic substances or chemicals, such as atmospheric pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, radioactive pollution, pollution of domestic waste, especially medical waste, and poor environmental sanitation, will cause other serious risks to human health and other aspects of the disease.
Third, the construction of large-scale projects improperly caused by changes in the ecological environment, for the propagation and spread of germs to create the conditions. For example: Egypt to improve the Nile River to build the Aswan Dam, changing the hydrological characteristics of the river, destroying the ecological balance of the Nile River Basin, increasing the chances of people infected with schistosomiasis along the lower reaches of the Nile River. Schistosomiasis was only prevalent in the season when the Nile River was full of water, since the construction of the Aswan Dam, due to the dam barrier, the downstream of the river was flowing ceased to exist, the living water of the Lower Nile River into a relatively static "lake", which provides an environment for mosquitoes and insects to breed and transmit diseases, resulting in the reservoir downstream of the residents were y malaria and schistosomiasis. Schistosomiasis threatened the population downstream of the reservoir, and the incidence of the disease has risen sharply.
Numerous facts have proved that human activities that change the ecological environment may bring disastrous consequences to human health. Worldwide environmental pollution, climate change, population expansion, indiscriminate use of fertilizers and pesticides, indiscriminate mining, invasion of tropical rainforests, reclamation of wetlands, living in an unclean environment ...... environmental factors, large and small, will give a variety of viruses to take advantage of the opportunity. "The ravages of SARS once again tell us that the struggle of mankind to control infectious diseases is far from over. In the face of infectious diseases on the challenge of human health survival, the need to take global *** with the action, not only from the health epidemic prevention, but also from the ecosystem restoration and environmental protection to find ways to solve the problem.
There are too many to choose from